臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘 要
諸羅樹蛙(Rhacophorus arvalis)是台灣特有種兩棲類。主要棲息在竹林棲地內。積水主要來源是天雨和灌溉用水，而積水情形大部分消退甚快。其產卵方式是將卵泡產於潮濕落葉之下，蝌蚪孵化後在鄰近的暫時性水域成長，蝌蚪變態成功率受到水量之限制，而暫時性水域水量又受到下雨頻率與灌溉用水之影響。
在蝌蚪孵化水域中有延續整個繁殖季(7個月)、延續型水域(6-24日)和一次型水域(1-6日)三種類型，其中水域必須能維持18-24日方能使蝌蚪變態成功。
這些延續型水域通常是竹林積水最後消退處，其上方也是諸羅樹蛙群集展示場所。觀察雌蛙在選擇產卵區位，共紀錄到83個卵泡，發現偏好竹林內近水合適落葉之處，其中覆蓋之落葉厚度在31-40mm和離當日水線20cm以內卵泡液化成功率最高。
以積水消退情形及實驗需求，設計出15日、30日、45日及60日水域乾枯水量，與永久性高水位水量、永久性低水位水量、變動性水量和潮溼含水等八個室內外實驗組。室內實驗結果顯示，水域迅速乾枯及變化並不會使諸羅樹蛙蝌蚪變態時程縮短並以較小體型登陸，主要原因是諸羅樹蛙蝌蚪變態會發生在某特定體型範圍之內，在未達到最小體型的閥值之前，蝌蚪不會變態登上陸地，當達到最大的體型上限時，不論環境條件如何，蝌蚪都會開始變態登陸。其中室內實驗組平均最小閥值為0.05g；平均最大閥值為0.31g。而室外實驗組變態時程雖然較長，但登陸變態的體型與室內實驗組相同。
實驗過程中發現室內變態時程最快22天有小蛙出現；平均25日時前腳長出(Gosner蝌蚪分期第41期)，之後5日可以變成小蛙 (第46期)；室外變態時程最快48天變態為小蛙，平均變態時間為64天，變態時程最長可達到180天。

Abstract
Farmland Green Tree Frog（Rhacophorus arvalis）belonging to the family Rhacophoridae is endemic to Taiwan. During the period of researching, it is found that the major habitat of Farmland Green Tree Frog is in the bamboo land. The ephemeral ponds in the bamboo land is largely from the rain and irrigating; however, most of the ponds are variable in the duration. Farmland Green Tree Frog often reproductive choice under the humid leaves. After oviposition to Metamorphosis tadpoles, they will live in the temporary nearby. Talking of the the metamorphosis, the key to success, depending on their initial depth of ponds and frequency of rainfall and irrigating.
Duration of ponds I had found that three types:(1) 7 months type of ponds.(2) 6-24 days type of ponds.(3) 1-6 days type of ponds.
Among these types, it is found that 6-24 days type of ponds is the best condition for the metamorphosis. This kind of ponds is usually the place where the water appears slowly in the bamboo land. It is also the place for a lot of the Farmland Green Tree Frog to appear.
It is found that the leaves near the water are the appropriate place for the female Farmland Green Tree Frog to reproductive choice because we have found 83 foam nest there.
If the success of the beginning metamorphosis is up to the liquefaction of the foam nest, I can find two factors which influence the success of liquefaction. First, the thickness of the leaves which cover the foam nest must be between 31-40mm. Second, the position of the foam nest must be less than 20cm. from the edge of the pond. Besides, the loose soil can help the foam nest become the shape of a bowl so that there will be a lot of water for the tadpoles to live.
I have done an experiment on 8 conditions (including outdoors and indoors) to see if the quantity of water will affect the metamorphosis.
As a result, it shows that the quantity of water will not affect the metamorphosis earlier.
It is because that tadpoles would not become Froglets unless it reaches the wight of 0.05g (minimum). On the other hand, tadpoles will become Froglets as long as it reaches the wight of 0.31g (maximum) no matter how the environment changes.
Besides, I find that it needs much time on metamorphosis in the outdoor experiment. For example, in the indoor experiment, froglets will appear after 22 days, and their former legs will appear after 25 days. Then, they become froglets (the 46th period) after 27 days. In the outdoor experiment; however, it has to cost 48 days to 180 days (the average is 64 days) for the tadpoles becoming froglets.

目錄

中文摘要------------------------------------------------------------------------------i
英文摘要------------------------------------------------------------------------------iii
前言------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
材料與方法---------------------------------------------------------------------------4
結果------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
討論------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24
結論------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34
參考文獻------------------------------------------------------------------------------35
附圖------------------------------------------------------------------------------------40
附表------------------------------------------------------------------------------------55
附錄------------------------------------------------------------------------------------60

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