近年來各種電腦輔助系統蓬勃發展，其中亦包含了評量系統。大多數的評量系統在試題編撰的設計上，多採取單一考題，題型固定的方式。如果能夠在不增加命題者負擔前提下，將考題題型做變化，則可以使得題庫內的考題有更豐富的呈現，並且增加考題的靈活度。
本論文針對試題編撰系統提出的「題型轉換」方法，乃是將考題分割為題目和答案，再依命題者需求或考題特性組合成不同題型輸出，如此同一考題可以多種題型出現。而在文件格式上參考以XML為基礎的IMS QTI規格，加入所需的自訂標籤定義，延伸成QTI+規格，作為考題儲存格式的規格，並且可以將QTI+文件轉換成符合IMS QTI的XML 文件，保有「再利用」及「交換性」的優點，可以在不增加命題者額外負擔的情況下，使題庫所能呈現的考題數量大於實際儲存的題數，更可以在考題的豐富性上做擴展，增加考題的靈活度。

In recent years, the field of Computer-Assisted Instruction develops rapidly, including assessment systems. More and more people are using assessment system to help them to generate examination paper. But most of assessment systems adopt the method of one test-item with single type. If we can transform the original test-item type to different test-item type for every single item without adding user’s load, then we can make the item bank more plentiful and make each item more flexible.
In this thesis, we propose an item type transformation method for assessment authoring system. We divide an item into two parts: problems and answers, then according to the user’s needs or the characteristics of the item to combine the divided parts to form a new test-item in different type. With item type transformation method, an item type can be transformed into several item types. When regenerating an item, we can change parts of problems or answers at random to generate a different question.
For reusability and interchangeability, we adopt XML to describe items and store all of items in Native XML database. We reference the IMS QTI specification and add several elements we proposed to comprise our specification-QTI+. All of items stored in the native XML database were validated with QTI+ specification. It is also easy to transform QTI+ document to QTI document for other QTI compliant assessment systems. Reusability and interchangeability can be accomplished with the method we propose in this thesis.

中文摘要..................................................... i
英文摘要..................................................... ii
誌謝......................................................... iii
目錄......................................................... iv
表目錄....................................................... vi
圖目錄....................................................... vii
第一章 緒論.................................................. 1
1.1研究動機.................................................. 1
1.2研究目的.................................................. 1
1.3論文架構.................................................. 3
第二章 相關研究.............................................. 4
2.1 IMS QTI.................................................. 4
2.2 ADL SCORM................................................ 6
2.3 XML與Database............................................ 7
2.3.1 Data-centric 與 Document-centric文件................... 7
2.3.2 Xindice................................................ 8
2.4 XML 文件的解析........................................... 9
2.4.1 SAX與DOM............................................... 9
2.4.2 JDOM.................................................. 10
2.4.3 XSL與XSLT............................................. 11
2.5 各家試題編撰系統之比較.................................. 13
2.51 WebCT.................................................. 13
2.5.2 Questionmark Perception............................... 14
2.5.3 ExamView test generator............................... 15
第三章 系統架構與設計....................................... 17
3.1試題編撰系統- QTI+....................................... 17
3.1.1 QTI+的說明............................................ 17
3.1.2 QTI+鎖定的題型種類.................................... 18
3.2題型轉換分析............................................. 19
3.2.1 題目描述類型的調查.................................... 19
3.2.2 考題題型的分類與命題的限制............................ 20
3.3 考題題型的轉換規則...................................... 21
3.3.1 以選擇題為基準的命題轉換規則說明...................... 21
3.3.2 以選擇題為基礎的考題轉換時，答案項的數目檢查.......... 24
3.3.3單/複選題轉換，於反向邏輯轉換時的限制.................. 24
3.3.4以填充題為基準的命題轉換規則說明....................... 25
3.4系統架構與設計........................................... 26
3.4.1 標籤說明.............................................. 26
3.4.2 各種描述類型的QTI+/XML文件說明........................ 29
3.4.3 系統模型說明.......................................... 33
第四章 系統實作............................................. 34
4.1 系統實作環境與使用工具.................................. 34
4.2 系統功能................................................ 35
4.2.1題庫的建立............................................. 35
4.2.2考題的新增與驗證....................................... 35
4.2.3考題的修改與刪除....................................... 37
4.2.4考題的篩選............................................. 38
4.3試卷的產生............................................... 39
4.3.1試題題型轉換說明....................................... 39
4.3.2 試卷格式設定說明...................................... 45
第五章 結論與未來研究方向................................... 48
5.1結論..................................................... 48
5.2未來研究方向............................................. 48
參考文獻.................................................... 50
附錄一...................................................... 53

[1]Brett McLaughlin，JAVA與XML，陳建勳譯，O’Reilly，臺北，民91年。
[2]陳長念，陳勤意，活用XML，知城數位科技，臺北，民90年。
[3]陳錦輝，王景皓，XML與JAVA程式設計大全，金禾資訊，臺北，民90年。
[4]黃中杰，洪菁憶，JAVA與XML技術手冊，碁峰資訊，臺北，民91年。
[5]劉宗億，XML應用寶典：輕鬆體驗Web Service，上奇科技，臺北，民92年。
[6]方鄒昭聰，詹健明，”如何製作符合IMS QTI 規格的線上學習評量試題”，2003電子商務與數位生活研討會，936~963頁，民92年4月11~12日。
[7]鄒景平,蔡德祿,林立傑,鄭潔文,廖致凱，”兩岸數位學習標準發展現況分析與建議”，2003全國計算機會議，244~250頁，民92年12月。
[8]簡永仁，李岱宜，徐永堅，”智慧型試題編撰系統之研究-基於QTI+/XML”，2003全國計算機會議，220~227頁，民92年12月。
[9]邱關誼，”基於SCORM模型下測驗教材編輯系統之探討與實作”，臺北科技大學電機工程系碩士論文，民92年7月。
[10]徐永堅，”題型自動轉換系統之設計-基於QTI+/XML”，靜宜大學資訊管理學系碩士論文，民93年6月。
[11]郭子逢，”一個XML跨平台的線上學習系統”，淡江大學資訊工程學系博士論文，民91年5月。
[12]詹健明，”以Web Service技術建置符合QTI/XML規格之試題製作系統”，臺北大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文，民92年6月。
[13]Serge Abiteboul, Dllan Quass, Jason McHugh, Jennifer Widom, Janet Wiener, “The Lorel Query Language for Semistructured Data”, Journal of Digital Libraries, 1(1), 1997
[14]Apache Xindice, http://xml.apache.org/xindice/
[15]Ronald Bourret, “XML and Databases”, http://www.rpbourret.com/xml/, January 2003
[16]Elisa Bertino, Barbara Catania ,“Intergrating XML and Database”, IEEE Internet Computing, Volume:5 Issue:4, July-Aug 2001 Page(s):84-88
[17]DTD, http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#dt-doctype
[18]ExamView, http://www.examview.com/
[19]Jason Hunter and Brett McLaughlin, ”Read Part 1 Part 1 of "Easy Java/XML Integration with JDOM, use JDOM to read XML from an existing source"”, http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-05-2000/jw-0518-jdom.html
[20]Jason Hunter and Brett McLaughlin, “Read Part 2 of "Easy Java/XML Integration with JDOM, use JDOM to create and mutate XML"”, http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-07-2000/jw-0728-jdom2.html
[21]IMS Global Learning Consortium, Inc, http://www.imsglobal.org/
[22]IMS Global Learning Consortium, Inc.,IMS QTI full DTD , http://www.imsglobal.org/question/index.cfm
[23]IMS Global Learning Consortium, Inc. IMS Question & Test Interoperability:ASI Best Practice & Implementation Guide Final Specification Version 1.2，February 2002.
[24]IMS Global Learning Consortium, Inc. IMS Question & Test Interoperability:QTILite Specification Final Specification Version 1.2，February 2002.
[25]IMS Global Learning Consortium, Inc. IMS Question & Test Interoperability:ASI Information Model Specification Final Specification Version 1.2，February 2002.
[26]JDOM, http://jdom.org/
[27]Kudrass, Thomasa , “Management of XML documents without schema in relational database systems”, Information and Software Technology,Volume:44,Issue:4,March 31 2002, pp. 269-275
[28]J. McHugh, S. Abiteboul, R. Goldman, D. Quass, and J.Widom, “Lore: A database management system for semistructured data.”, SIGMOD Record, 26(3):54-66, 1997
[29]Colin Milligan, Standards and Specifications - A Primer, http://www.scrolla.hw.ac.uk/reports/imsprimer091002.html
[30]Questionmark, http://www.questionmark.com/us/home.htm
[31]Ray, Erik T , Learning XML, O’REILLY,2001.
[32]SAX, http://sax.sourceforge.net/
[33]SCORM, http://www.adnet.org/
[34]WebCT, http://www.webct.com/
[35]World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) - http://www.w3c.org