臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文之研究目的，旨在研究杜波伊斯博士(Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois)一生追求的目標，即爭取美國黑人身為美國公民應有的權利及公平的待遇。研究的主要事件為尼加拉運動的發起、全國有色人種促進會的成立及全國有色人種促進會宣傳研究部發行《危機》(The Crisis)雜誌。

本論文內容除了說明研究動機、研究目的與探討重點、研究限制與範圍、研究方法與文獻回顧及研究架構外，主要是說明杜波伊斯博士時代美國黑人所遭遇到不公平對待的狀況、布克•華盛頓(Booker T. Washington)的妥協立場與提倡職業教育作為改善黑人經濟狀況的做法，以及杜波伊斯博士以《黑人的靈魂》(The Souls of Black Folk)乙書，提出反對華盛頓的妥協路線。另外，為了研究杜波伊斯博士一生追求的目標，本論文將探討杜波伊斯博士於一九○五年成立的尼加拉運動。尼加拉運動訴求黑人應當擁有投票權、公民自由及經濟機會。此外，本論文亦探討於一九○九年成立的全國有色人種促進會。全國有色人種促進會的主要目的為促進美國公民的權利的平等及消滅等級制度或種族偏見。本論文也會針對杜波伊斯博士在全國有色人種促進會中所扮演的宣傳專家的角色加以探討，並研究杜波伊斯博士藉由《危機》傳達其理念及推動哈林文藝復興的興起之情形。最後筆者將說明杜波伊斯博士帶來的影響及貢獻。

The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze the major lifelong aspirations of Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois. One of them is struggling for full rights and equality that all American citizens deserve. The analysis to be conducted will focus on the following events: the initiation of the Niagara Movement, the foundation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the publication of The Crisis by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

This thesis includes my motivation, main purpose and investigation focuses. Limitations, method, literature review and framework of this study, will also be introduced. The main body intends to illustrate the contemporary unjust conditions of African Americans during Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois’s time. I will lay special stress on the compromising stance of Booker T. Washington. This is because his advocacy of industrial education as an attempt to improve African Americans’ economic situation is comparable to Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois’s radical gesture. Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois’s book, The Souls of Black Folk, reveals a different approach to racial justice. My thesis will also discuss the Niagara Movement which is founded in 1905 by Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois. In my analysis, we can see how he deals with the issues of suffrage, civil liberty and economic opportunity. Next, I will manage to explore the motivation and the goals of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Founded in 1909, it aims at promoting the equality of the rights of American citizens and the elimination of caste or racial discrimination. At the same time, I will elaborate the role of Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois as a propagandist in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. The ideas he promotes through The Crisis, and his dedication to the birth of Harlem Renaissance are my points of emphasis. At last, I will state Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois’s particular influence and contribution.

謝辭………………………………………………………………•• i
中文摘要…………………………………………………………•• ii
英文摘要…………………………………………………………•• iii
章節目錄…………………………………………………………•• v

第一章 緒論………………………………………………………• 1
第一節 研究動機………………………………………………• 1
第二節 研究目的與探討重點…………………………………• 2
第三節 研究限制與範圍………………………………………• 3
第四節 研究方法與文獻回顧…………………………………• 4
第五節 研究架構………………………………………………• 5
第二章 杜波伊斯的時代背景……………………………………• 7
第一節 十九世紀末至一九二年○代非裔美國人的狀況……• 7
第二節 華盛頓的立場和做法…………………………………• 16
第三節 杜波伊斯的立場和做法………………………………• 27
第三章 尼加拉運動的成效………………………………………• 46
第一節 尼加拉運動的成立背景、目的及理念………………• 46
第二節 尼加拉運動帶來的影響………………………………• 56
第三節 杜波伊斯在尼加拉運動中的角色……………………• 63
第四章 全國有色人種促進會的成效……………………………• 67
第一節 全國有色人種促進會的成立背景……………………• 67
第二節 全國有色人種促進會成立的目的及理念……………• 71
第三節 杜波依斯在全國有色人種促進會中的角色…………• 74
第四節 危機月刊的發行及其影響……………………………• 93
第五章 結論………………………………………………………• 107
附錄
附錄一………………………………………………………… 128
附錄二………………………………………………………… 131
參考書目…………………………………………………………… 137

參 考 書 目

一、中文參考書目
1.專書
王若壁譯，Francois de Fontette著，種族歧視。台北：遠流。民國八十九年。

杜維運，史學方法論。台北：三民書局。民國七十五年。

周道濟著，基本人權在美國。台北:台灣商務出版，民國六十六年。

馬曉宏譯，Arthur M. Schlesinger著，美國的分裂：種族衝突的危機。台北：正中書局，民國八十三年。

張文亮著，法政捍衛者的憂傷與榮耀。台北：校園書房，民國八十九
年。

辜振豐譯，Denise Dennis著，認識黑人歷史。台北：時報文化，民國八十四年。

楊宗翰譯，Morris Richard B.著，美國歷史文獻。台北：今日，民國五十九年。

劉慧珍譯，Randall Collins著，文憑社會－教育與階層化的歷史社會學。台北：桂冠圖書，民國八十七年。

2.期刊論文
孫同勛，「美國黑人對歧視的抗議行動」，幼獅文化，第三十九卷，第一期，民國六十三年，頁二十四-三十二。

黃秀瑞，「美國聯邦最高法院與黑人民權運動的發展」，美國月刊，第四卷，第四期，民國七十八年，頁四十-四十八。

黃俊英，「美國黑人的就業問題」，問題與研究，第十七卷，第七期，民國六十七年，頁七三四-七四七。

曹弘，「美國南北戰爭前之南方黑人地位」，淡江學報，第三卷，第三期，民國六十二年，頁二二九-二三四。

郭實渝，「美國黑人高等教育的演變」，美國月刊，第三卷，第十二期，民國七十八年，頁一一九-一二四。

楊立文，「論美國黑人繼續遭受種族歧視的癥結及其出路」，歐美研究，第二期，民國八十三年，頁七-二十七。

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