臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在反托拉斯法(anti-trust laws)或公平交易法(fair trade laws)中，均明文禁止廠商採取價格歧視政策。為研究這項禁令是否恰當，本篇論文建立一個水平差異模型，存在二個不同性質的隔絕市場，一個市場的消費者視所有商品為同質產品，另一個市場的消費者視所有商品為異質產品。在非空間與空間模型的設定下，分別探討在雙佔Bertrand價格競爭下，統一訂價的均衡價格大於差別訂價的兩個均衡價格的條件。我們發現在非空間與空間模型下，均存在某些特定條件使統一訂價的均衡價格大於差別訂價的兩個均衡價格。因此，在這些特定條件下，禁止廠商採取價格歧視政策反而會使得消費者面對較高的價格，這對消費者是不利的。

It is prohibitive for firms to take price discrimination under anti-trust laws or fair trade laws. In order to study the suitability of this prohibition, this thesis constructs a horizontal product differentiation model in which there are two distinct markets: consumers in one market care the difference of products, while consumers in the other do not. We use this model to examine under which conditions that the uniform delivered prices would be higher than the discriminatory prices with spatial and non-spatial models considered, respectively. We show that under certain conditions, the uniform delivered prices could be higher than the discriminatory prices in spatial and non-spatial models. Thus, the probation under anti-trust and fair trade laws would lead to higher prices faced by consumers in these circumstances, which is detrimental to consumers.

第一章 簡介………………..……………………….....……….1
第二章 文獻回顧…………………………………...…….…...4
第三章 非空間模型下的均衡價格分析……………...……....8
3.1 廠商採取差別訂價…………….………………………....…10
3.2 廠商採取統一訂價……….…………....................................12
3.3 兩種訂價政策下均衡價格的比較……………………….....14
第四章 空間模型下的均衡價格分析……………...…….….20
4.1 廠商採取差別訂價…………………………………….……21
4.1.1 第二階段 廠商選擇價格………………......................……....…21
4.1.2 第一階段 廠商選擇區位…………………………………..…....23
4.2 廠商採取統一遞送價格………….………………..…..…....27
4.2.1 第二階段 廠商選擇價格………………………….....………….27
4.2.2 第一階段 廠商選擇區位………………………………..…....…28
4.3 兩種訂價政策下均衡價格的比較….................................…32
第五章 結論………………………...………………….…….38
參考文獻…………………………………………………………...…...40
附錄……………………………………………………………..………43

林燕淑,黃鴻,麥朝成, "套利內生化下各種空間訂價之最適廠址與社會福利," 經濟論文30: 2, 2002, p. 153-181.
Anderson, Simon. P., De Palma Andre, and Jacques-Francois. Thisse, “Social Surplus and Profitability under Different Spatial Pricing Policies”, Southern Economic Journal, 1992, 934-49.
Borenstein, S., 1985, “Price Discrimination in Free-Entry Markets,” RAND Journal of Economics, pp. 380-397.
Corts, K.S., 1998, ”Third-degree Price Discrimination in Oligopoly: all-out Competition and Strategic Commitment,” RAND Journal of Economics, Vol.29, No.2, pp. 306-323.
Dixit, A.K., 1979, “A Model of Duopoly Suggesting a theory of Entry Barriers,” Bell Journal of Economics, Vol.10, pp 20-32.
Edwards, E.O., 1950, “The Analysis of Output Under Discrimination,” Econometrica, pp. 163-172.
Hobb, Benjamin F., “Mill-Pricing versus Spatial Price Discrimination under Bertrand and Cournot Spatial Competition”, Journal of Industrial Economics, 1986,173-91.
Holahan, W.L., 1975, “The Welfare Effects of Spatial Price Discrimination,” American Economic Review, pp. 498-503.
Holmes T.J., 1989, “The Effects of Third-Degree Price discrimination in Oligopoly,” American Economic Review, Vol.79, pp. 244-250.
Hwang, H. and Mai, C.C. 1990, “Effect of Spatial Price Discrimination on Output, Welfare, and Location,” American Economic Review, Vol.80, No.3, pp. 567-575.
Kat’z, M.L., “Price Discrimination and Monopolistic Competition,” Econometrica, Vol.52 (1984), pp. 1453-1471.
Ledereer, P.J. and Hurter, A.P., 1986, “Competition of Firms: Discriminatory Pricing and Location,” Econometrica, Vol.54, pp. 623-640.
Liang, W.J., Hwang, H. and Mai, C.C., 2004, “Spatial Discrimination: Bertrand vs. Cournot with Asymmetric Demand,” Working Paper, Tamkang University.
Motta, M., 1993, “Endogenous Quality Choice: Price vs. Quantity Competition,” Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol.41, No.2, pp. 113-131.
Pigou, A., 1920, “The Economics of Welfare,” London: Macmillan.
Robinson, J., 1933, The Economics of Imperfect Competition, London: Macmillan.
Silbergerg, E., 1970, “Output Under Discriminatory Monopoly,” Southern Economic Journal, pp. 84-87.
Singh, N. and Vives, X., 1984, ”Price and Quantity Competition in a Differentiated Duopoly”, RAND Journal of Economics, Vol.15, No.4, pp. 546-554.
Stole’s, L., “Nonlinear Pricing and Oligopoly,” Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, Vol.4 (1995), pp. 529-562.
Varian, H.R., 1985, “Price Discrimination and Social Welfare,” American Economic Review, pp. 870-875.