臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文提出一套結合小波轉換與模糊理論的電力品質分析及辨識系統，用以改善傳統電力品質分析與評估方法的缺失。
傳統上分析電力品質干擾波形大多採用傅立葉轉換的方法，但是傅立葉轉換只能得到訊號在頻域上的特徵值，無法提供時域特性的分析。小波轉換為一種能夠同時提供頻率與時間的多重解析度轉換法，其轉換概念為將訊號輸入兩個不同的高頻與低頻率的濾波器，訊號可以經過高通濾波器後，能夠表現出訊號在高頻且短時間的特徵性。
當訊號經過低通濾波器後，能夠表現訊號在低頻且長時間的特徵性，所以可以充分解析干擾事件在頻域及時域上的特性。當訊號經過小波轉換後所得到的大量運算結果，若是無一有效的系統來進行後續的分析及辨識工作，將使得這些數據毫無意義，又因為電力品質相關資料包含了許多不精確、不確定與含糊的特性，導致傳統的明確邏輯無法有效的分析及辨識這些數據，故本論文除了以小波轉換進行電力品質訊號分析外，並輔以模糊系統進行嚴重程度的評估，最後以系統可程式晶片發展平台實現之，並經模擬測試驗證其可行性與效能。

The traditional analytic method for the power quality disturbances is the Fourier transform, but the Fourier analysis does not consider frequency that might involve time. The advantage of the wavelet analysis is the use of a time-frequency multi-resolution property that allows the analysis of signals and systems with a very wide range of time constants. The wavelet analysis decomposes the signal into a smoothed and detail version by the low and high pass filter, respectively. Hence, the wavelet transform can be utilized to analyze the power quality disturbances both in frequency domain and time domain. The wavelet transform generates a lot of data. So, it is need to analyze and identify these data by an effective analytic method. By the way, because of the features of the power quality data with imprecision, uncertainty and vagueness, it is not easy to utilize the traditional method to analyze and identify these data. This work proposes the method combined with the wavelet transform and fuzzy modeling to analysis and identify the power quality problem. Moreover this work implements the proposed method in a chip based on the configuration of the system on a programmable chip (SOPC). Testing results demonstrated the practicality and advantages of the proposed method for application.

目錄

中文摘要.................................................i
英文摘要................................................ii
誌謝...................................................iii
目錄....................................................iv
圖索引.................................................vii
表索引..................................................xi

第一章 緒論..............................................1
1.1 研究背景......................................1
1.2 研究動機與目的................................2
1.3 研究步驟與方法................................3
1.4 論文內容概述..................................4
第二章 電力品質干擾事件..................................5
2.1 前言..........................................5
2.2 電力諧波干擾事件..............................7
2.3 電壓閃爍干擾事件.............................12
2.4 電壓突升干擾事件.............................15
2.5 電壓突降與中斷干擾事件.......................16
第三章 小波分析理論.....................................19
3.1 前言.........................................19
3.2 小波轉換.....................................19
3.3 小波轉換多重解析度分析.......................21
3.4 小波轉換之分析方法...........................23
3.5 小波轉換之硬體架構...........................24
3.5.1 Daubechies濾波器模組驗證................27
3.5.2 Gaussian小波轉換模組驗證................30
第四章 模糊理論.........................................34
4.1 前言.........................................34
4.2 模糊系統.....................................34
4.2.1 模糊化機構..............................35
4.2.2 模糊規則庫..............................35
4.2.2.1 電力諧波模糊規則庫................36
4.2.2.2 電壓閃爍模糊規則庫................38
4.2.2.3 電壓突升模糊規則庫................39
4.2.2.4 電壓突降或中斷模糊規則庫..........39
4.2.3 模糊推論引擎............................40
4.2.4 解模糊化機構............................42
4.3 模糊系統之硬體架構...........................42
4.3.1 事件選擇模組............................43
4.3.2 模糊化模組..............................44
4.3.3 模糊推論模組............................47
4.4 解模糊化模組.................................49
第五章 電力品質辨識晶片硬體架構.........................52
5.1 前言.........................................52
5.2 電力品質辨識晶片系統開發環境.................52
5.2.1 硬體發展平台...........................53
5.2.2 軟體發展平台...........................55
5.3 嵌入式Nios處理器之規劃........................60
5.4 電力品質辨識系統資料驅動流程..................62
5.5 電力品質辨識系統架構..........................63
第六章 電力品質辨識系統晶片之功能驗證...................75
6.1 前言..........................................75
6.2 電壓突升事件..................................77
6.3 電壓突降事件..................................78
6.4 電壓中斷事件..................................79
6.5 電力諧波事件..................................80
6.6 電壓閃爍事件..................................81
6.7 結果討論......................................82
第七章 結論與未來展望...................................83
7.1 結論..........................................83
7.2 未來研究方向..................................83
參考文獻................................................84

圖索引

圖2.1電力諧波波形示意圖..................................7
圖2.2電壓閃爍波形示意圖.................................13
圖2.3 ΔV10評估法之視感度曲線圖..........................14
圖2.4電壓突升波形示意圖.................................15
圖2.5電壓突降波形示意圖.................................16
圖2.6電壓中斷波形示意圖.................................17
圖2.7 CBEMA電力品質標準.................................18
圖3.1 多重解析度分解空間................................23
圖3.2有限脈衝濾波器基本架構.............................24
圖3.3 二階層小波轉換分析示意圖..........................25
圖3.4 Guassian母波波形圖................................26
圖3.5 高斯小波轉換流程圖................................27
圖3.6 電壓中斷波形......................................28
圖3.7 經過Daubechies小波轉換結果........................28
圖3.8 Daubechies濾波器模組之系統方塊圖..................29
圖3.9 Daubechies濾波器模組之BDF示意圖...................29
圖3.10 Daubechies小波轉換硬體模擬結果...................30
圖3.11 電力諧波波形.....................................31
圖3.12 經過Gaussian小波轉換分析結果.....................31
圖3.13 Gaussian小波轉換模組之系統方塊圖.................32
圖3.14 Gaussian小波轉換模組之BDF示意圖..................32
圖3.15 Gaussian小波轉換硬體模擬結果.....................33
圖4.1 模糊系統基本架構圖................................35
圖4.2 Simplified Fuzzy-Singleton法運算流程..............41
圖4.3 模糊系統功能方塊圖................................43
圖4.4 事件選擇模組之BDF示意圖...........................43
圖4.5 事件選擇模組之模擬結果............................44
圖4.6 模糊化模組之BDF示意圖.............................46
圖4.7 模糊化模組之模擬結果..............................47
圖4.8 模糊推論引擎模組之BDF示意圖.......................48
圖4.9 模糊推論引擎模組之模擬結果........................49
圖4.10 解模糊化模組之BDF示意圖..........................50
圖4.11 解模糊化模組之模擬結果...........................51
圖5.1 Nios系統發展平台..................................53
圖5.2 Quartus® II 設計流程..............................56
圖5.3 合成設計流程圖....................................57
圖5.4 佈局佈線流程圖....................................58
圖5.5 功能與時序模擬流程圖..............................58
圖5.6 時序分析流程圖....................................59
圖5.7 編程和配置流程圖..................................60
圖5.8 SOPC Builder操作畫面..............................61
圖5.9 Nios嵌入式處理器之BDF示意圖.......................61
圖5.10 電力品質辨識系統資料驅動流程圖...................62
圖5.11 電力品質辨識系統硬體架構方塊圖...................63
圖5.12 均方根模組之BDF示意圖............................64
圖5.13 均方根模組之模擬結果.............................65
圖5.14 事件驅動模組之BDF示意圖..........................65
圖5.15 事件驅動模組之模擬結果...........................66
圖5.16 綜合分析模組之BDF示意圖..........................67
圖5.17 綜合分析模組之模擬結果...........................68
圖5.18 booth演算法運算流程圖............................69
圖5.19 乘法器模組之BDF示意圖............................69
圖5.20 乘法器模組之模擬結果.............................70
圖5.21 binary division演算法流程圖......................71
圖5.22 除法器模組之BDF示意圖............................72
圖5.23 除法器模組之模擬結果.............................72
圖5.24 開根號模組之BDF示意圖............................73
圖5.25 開根號模組之模擬結果.............................74
圖6.1 電力品質辨識系統模組之BDF示意圖...................75
圖6.2 電力品質辨識系統模組之硬體資源使用統計表..........76
圖6.3 輸入測試之電壓突升波形............................77
圖6.4 電壓突升事件分析結果..............................77
圖6.5 輸入測試之電壓突降波形............................78
圖6.6 電壓突降事件分析結果..............................78
圖6.7 輸入測試之電壓中斷波形............................79
圖6.8 電壓中斷事件分析結果..............................79
圖6.9 輸入測試之電力諧波波形............................80
圖6.10 電力諧波事件分析結果.............................80
圖6.11 輸入測試之電壓閃爍波形...........................81
圖6.12 電壓閃爍事件分析結果.............................81

表索引

表2.1 IEEE電力系統電磁現象種類及特性表...................6
表2.2 120V－69kV配電系統諧波標準限制值..................10
表2.3配電系統電壓諧波標準限制值.........................11
表2.4 3.3kv－22.8kV電力系統諧波管制標準.................11
表2.5 ΔV10視感度曲線對應之係數..........................14
表3.1 Daubechies濾波器係數..............................26
表3.2 Daubechies濾波器模組輸出入埠之規格................30
表3.3 Gaussian小波轉換模組輸出入埠之規格................33
表4.1 個別諧波電壓失真嚴重等級規則庫....................37
表4.2 第n級諧波電流失真嚴重等級規則庫...................37
表4.3 總諧波電壓失真嚴重等級規則庫......................37
表4.4 總諧波電流失真嚴重等級規則庫......................38
表4.5 電壓閃爍嚴重等級規則庫............................38
表4.6 電壓突升嚴重等級之規則庫..........................39
表4.7 電壓突降及中斷嚴重等級規則庫......................40
表4.8事件選擇模組之規格.................................44
表4.9 模糊系統輸入變數與資料型態........................45
表4.10 模糊化模組之規格.................................46
表4.11 模糊推論引擎模組之規格...........................48
表4.12解模糊化模組之規格................................50
表5.1 Cyclone EP1C20F400C7規格..........................54
表5.2 均方根模組之輸出入訊號規格........................64
表5.3 事件驅動模組之輸出入訊號規格......................66
表5.4 綜合分析模組之輸出入訊號規格......................67
表5.5 booth乘法模組之輸出入訊號規格.....................70
表5.6 除法器模組之輸出入訊號規格........................72
表5.7 開根號模組之輸出入訊號規格........................73
表6.1 電力品質辨識系統模組輸出入埠之規格................76

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