臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

為了改善車輛的操控性與舒適度，國內外都有新的研究，國外在半主動懸吊系統及全主動懸吊系統之設計分析與製造方面，均有實際應用及相關產品，其技術能力領先國內甚多，國內避震器廠商擁有的相關技術僅止於傳統被動式與電馬達多段式半主動懸吊系統；近幾年國內雖有許多關於主動式與半主動式懸吊系統的論文發表，但是在實際開發此一層面卻比較少，所以本研究即以汽車為目標，實際製作汽車用液壓無段式半主動懸吊系統。
本研究為提高避震器使用的效能，研發出無段調變液壓比例阻尼控制閥，可做為阻尼力無段調變用，另外並製作控制電路板進行實際控制，再利用有限元素方法Flux 2D軟體模擬，最後經由實驗結果來驗證本論文所開發之液壓比例式半主動式懸吊系統應用於汽車上的性能表現相當優良。

To improve the handling and driving comfort of cars, there are many new researches both at home and abroad. Currently, there were many practical applications and relevant products in design and manufacture of semi-active and active suspension system in foreign country. However the up-to-date suspension technology in Taiwan is passive and electric motor multi-step semi-active suspension. Though, there are many reports about active and semi-active suspension system in recent years, but there is only few report about the implementation of hydraulic semi-active continuous variable suspension system. Therefore, this thesis uses the automobile as an example and try to implement the hydraulic semi-active continuous variable suspention system into automobiles.
In this paper, a proporpional damping valve was developed and applied to build a hydraulic semi-active suspension system in an automobile. Bsides, a electronic circuit was built to control the proportional valve. Finally, experimental results prove the superior advantages of the hydraulic semi-active suspension system of the automobile.

目 錄

中文摘要 --------------------------------------------------------------- i
英文摘要 --------------------------------------------------------------- ii
誌謝 --------------------------------------------------------------- iii
目錄 --------------------------------------------------------------- iv
表目錄 --------------------------------------------------------------- v
圖目錄 --------------------------------------------------------------- vi

第一章 緒論----------------------------------------------------------- 1
1-1 前言----------------------------------------------------------- 1
1-2 研究動機------------------------------------------------------ 2
1-3 文獻回顧-------------------------------------------------------3
1-4 論文架構------------------------------------------------------ 5

第二章 懸吊系統架構--------------------------------------------------- 6
2-1 懸吊系統理論--------------------------------------------------- 6
2-2 懸吊系統分類--------------------------------------------------- 6
2-3 懸吊系統的評價------------------------------------------------ 9
2-3-1 Burton Douglas Chart----------------------------------------- 11
2-3-2 Janeway Recommendations---------------------------------- 12
2-3-3 Goldman Presentation------------------------------------------ 14
2-3-4 舒適度評價方式之間比較----------------------------------------- 14
2-4 半主動式懸吊系統數學模型-------------------------------------- 16
2-5 數學模式------------------------------------------------------- 18
2-5-1 庫倫阻尼----------------------------------------------------- 20
2-5-2 二次阻尼----------------------------------------------------- 20

第三章 實驗設備------------------------------------------------------- 21
3.1 半主動懸吊系統架構---------------------------------------- 21
3.2 電路系統架構---------------------------------------------- 26
3-3 實驗測試平台----------------------------------------------- 28

第四章 控制電路設計與模擬---------------------------------------- 34

第五章 比例線圈磁路設計---------------------------------------------- 37
5-1 比例線圈應用Flux 2D軟體--------------------------------------- 37
5-2 比例線圈Flux 2D幾何圖形與材料性質建立------------------ 39
5-3 比例線圈Flux 2D模擬靜態響應--------------------------------- 48

第六章 實驗結果與分析----------------------------------------------- 54
6-1 比例閥性能實驗結果------------------------------------------ 54
6-2 比例閥性能響應實驗結果----------------------------------------- 60
6-3 比例線圈測試結果-------------------------------------------- 63
6-4 半主動式液壓懸吊實驗結果-------------------------------------- 67
6-5 實驗結果討論-------------------------------------------------- 70

第七章 結論與未來展望---------------------------------------------- 71
7-1 結論----------------------------------------------------------- 71
7-2 未來展望------------------------------------------------------- 72

參考文獻 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73
附錄 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 77
自傳 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 79

【1】M. Appleyard and P.E Wellstead, “Active Suspension：Some Background” IEE Proc,-Control Theory Appl., Vol.142, No.2, pp.123-128, March 1995.
【2】John C. Dixon, “The Shock Absorber Handbook”, ISBN：0-7680-0050-5, S.A.E Inc. 1999.
【3】A. Turti, S. Roukieh, E. Dayre “Three Control Approaches for the Design of Car Semi-Active Suspension（Optimal Control, Variable Structure Control, Fuzzy Control）” 32nd IEEE CDC, San Antonio, Texas, Dec.1993.
【4】Nizar Al-Holou, Asad Bajwa, Dae-Sung Joo, ”Computer Controlled Individual Semi-Active Suspension System” CH-3381-1-93, IEEE, 1993.
【5】T.J Jordan, M.C Best, “Dynamic Optimation of Nonlinear Semi-Active Suspension Controllers” Control Conference Publication No.389, IEEE, Mar. 1994.
【6】Nizar Al-Holou, D.S Joo, A. Shaout, “The Development of Fuzzy Logic Based Controller for Semi-Active Suspension System”, 0-7803-2428, IEEE, May 1995.
【7】M. Appleyard and P.E Wellstead, “Active Suspension：Some Background” IEE Proc,-Control Theory Appl., Vol.142, No.2, pp.123-128, March 1995.
【8】S.T. Chen, T.H Li, “Design of Fuzzy Controller for Active Suspension System”, Mechatronics, Vol.5, No.4, pp. 365-383, IEEE, Jan. 1995.
【9】C.F Nicolas, J. Landauze, E. Castrillo, M. Gaston, R. Reyero, “Application of Fuzzy Logic Controller to the Design of Semi-Active Suspension Systems”, 0-7803-3796, IEEE, Apr. 1997.
【10】Alessandro Giua,Andrea Savastano,Carla Seatzu,“Approximation of an Optimal Gain Switching Active law with a Semi-Active Suspension”, 0-7803-4104-X, IEEE, Sep. 1998.
【11】Yuanjie Wu, Bohou Xu “Nonlinear Modeling and Control of Automotive Vibration Isolation System”, 0-7803-5519-9, IEEE, Jun 2000.
【12】Ho Yong Son, Seung Gweon Jeong, Jae Young Choi, Jong Kyung Kim“A Robust Controller Design for Performance Improvement of a Semi-Active Suspension System” 0-7803-7090-2, IEEE, 2001.
【13】K.Deprez, K.Maertens, H.Ramon “Comfort Improvement by Passive and Semi-Active Hydropneumatic Suspension using Global Optimization Technique” 0-7803-7290-0, IEEE, 2002.
【14】A. Turti, S. Roukieh, E. Dayre “Three Control Approaches for the Design of Car Semi-Active Suspension（Optimal Control, Variable Structure Control, Fuzzy Control）” 32nd IEEE CDC, San Antonio, Texas, Dec.1993.
【15】馮君平/田永豐， “汽車系統動態及舒適性分析” ，財團法人車輛研究測試中心 93論文集，2004.
【16】Gillespie, T. D., Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics, Society of Automotive Engineers, 1992.
【17】Code, D., Elementary Vehicle Dynamics, Course Notes in Mechanical Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 1972.
【18】Lee, R. A., and Pradko, F., Analytical Analysis of Human Vibration, SAE Paper No.680091,1968.
【19】Gillespie, T. D., Sayers, M., and Segel, L., Calibration of Response-Type Road Roughness Measuring System, Final Report, NCHRP Project 1-18, NCHRP Report No. 228, December 1980.
【20】Gillespie, T. D., Tire and Wheel Nonuniformities: Their Impact on HEAVY Truck Ride, presentation at the Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Denver, CO, October 1984.
【21】Ride and Vibration Data Manual, SAE J6a, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA, December 1965.
【22】Guide for the Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole-body Vibration, Second Edition, International Standard ISO 2631-1978, International Organization for Standardization, 1978.
【23】Leatherwood, J. D., and Dempsey, T. K., Psychophysical Relationships Characterizing Human Response to Whole-Body Sinusoidal Vertical Vibration, NASA TN D-8188, NASA Langley Research Center, June 1976.
【24】Pielemeier, W., Greenberg, J. Meier, R. Jeyabalan, V. and Otto, N. C., Some Factors in the Subjective Evaluation of Laboratory Simulated Ride, SAE paper No. 2001-01-1569.
【25】Hassan, R. and McManus, K. Factors Affecting Truck Driver’s Perceived Comfort, SAE paper No.2001-01-1571.
【26】Fernandez, Vibrational Comfort http://www.guiacampingfecc.com/stauto/sta152/vibrational.pdf
【27】Ferrar, L. C., Veissid, V. L., Freitas, C. A. M., “A Stude of Vibranional Behavior of a Medium Size Truck Considering Frame Flexibility with the Use of ADAMS,” 1998 Interanional ADAMS User Conference.
【28】李德盛， “機車多連桿懸吊系統之乘騎性分析及設計” ，碩士論文，國立中正大學機械工程系，嘉義1984。
【29】何先聰， “全身振動的評估及其對人體健康危害之探討－火車”，行政院衛生署期末報告，1993。
【30】劉玉文， “全身震動的評估及其對人體健康危害之探討－客車”，行政院衛生署期末報告，1993。
【31】吳焜熙， “車輛動態行使品質之電腦輔助工程分析” ，碩士論文，國立屏東科技大學機械工程系，2002。
【32】John C. Dixon, “The Shock Absorber Handbook”, ISBN：0-7680-0050-5, S.A.E Inc. 1999.
【33】F.J Meister, “Sensitivity of Human Beings to Vibration”, Forschung（V.D.I Berlin）May-June, 1935.
【34】張碩，“自動控制系統”，鼎茂圖書出版有限公司， 台北，1997
【35】劉家嵩， “液壓比例電磁線圈之無感測器定位控制” ，國立雲林科技大學機械工程所，碩士論文，1999
【36】陳春志， “液壓比例電磁線圈靜態及動態特性良測與分析” ，國立雲林科技大學機械工程所，碩士論文，1997
【37】王以真， “實用磁路設計” ，全華科技圖書股份有限公司，1995
【38】白中和， “電磁學原理與應用” ，建興出版社，1998