營建業常會有多專案同時進行的情形發生，亦即多專案排程的問題。Payne(1995)曾針對營建業小型與中型企業做過調查，顯示84%的營建公司在多專案的環境下進行工程。
在多專案的環境下，排程規劃遠比單專案複雜，每一專案作業均會對多專案環境產生影響。除此之外，不同的專案網路組合，專案資源配置，資源供給鬆緊程度，甚至研究者對排程法則的誤用及未對不同的問題型態分析也會成為影響多專案排程的重要因素。再者，專案經理人在採用法則處理多專案問題時，單專案法則與多專案法則何者較佳，亦是有待探討的問題。
本研究使用限制規劃的技術，並以ILOG OPL STUDIO 3.70版為求解工具。運用限制規劃的優點，探討不同資源型態下，資源數量對於多專案排程工期的影響。並了解在多專案環境下，專案彼此間的資源競爭行為，以及資源配置對多專案排程工期與成本的影響，並探討資源-工期-成本彼此之間的關係。

According to the research by Payne (1995), an investigation through small to mid-size construction contractors showed that 84% of construction contractors execute their projects in a multi-project environment. In a multi-project environment, scheduling problems with resource constraints are much more complicated than those in a single project. One of the most important factors that influence multi-project scheduling problems is resource allocation policy, depending on the types of resources, which can be defined by the way of resource acquisition and sharing behavior. This paper discusses resource allocation mechanism for construction multi-project scheduling issues, and then presents an optimization-based model to resolve resource allocation problems. This research developed a CP-based (Constraint-Programming) model, which is capable of handling different optimization objectives such as minimizing total cost, overall project duration, subject to resource assignment combinations for each activity. Based on the research results, the influence of different types of resource quantity on multi-project duration is discussed. Moreover, resource competitive behavior among all projects is recognized. It concludes that the effective increment of critical resources can reduce overall project duration. The major goal of this research is to find the relation among duration-cost-resource in a multi-project environment, and provide systematic information for construction parties when making resource allocation decisions.

中文摘要 v
英文摘要 vi
誌謝 vii
目錄 viii
表目錄 xi
圖目錄 xiii


一、緒論 1
1.1研究動機 1
1.2研究範圍與限制 2
1.3研究目的 3
1.4研究方法與流程 4
二、文獻回顧 7
2.1有限資源專案排程 7
2.2有限資源多專案排程 9
2.3限制規劃 12
2.4結論 14
三、研究方法 15
3.1限制規劃簡介 15
3.1.1限制滿足問題 15
3.1.2限制規劃求解演算法簡介 16
3.1.3空間搜尋演算法策略 19
3.2限制規劃之整體求解機制 19
3.3OPL模式化語言簡介 21
四、限制規劃求解多專案模式驗証 22
4.1符號定義與基本假設 22
4.2相關法則介紹 23
4.3案例測試 25
4.3.1求解結果說明 25
4.4限制規劃求解 27
4.4.1OPL程式介面與求解結果說明 27
4.5結論 30
五、多專案排程最佳化之探討 31
5.1資源型態與上限 31
5.1.1共享資源與專案資源 32
5.1.2外部資源 33
5.2多資源型態下多專案排程關鍵資源的特性 34
5.3工期與成本訂定 35
六、多專案排程模型-以最短總工期為目標 36
6.1基本假設 36
6.2模式建立 37
6.3 案例求解與結果說明 39
6.4資源敏感度分析 40
6.5資源使用率分析 43
6.5.1資源使用率公式 43
6.5.2資源使用率結果分析 44
6.6小結 47
七、整合成本多專案排程模式建立 49
7.1基本假設與資源型態 49
7.1.1基本假設 49
7.1.2資源型態 51
7.2模式建立 52
7.3案例說明 56
7.4求解說明 57
7.4.1求解案例 57
7.4.2求解分析 58
7.4.3小結 64
7.5資源敏感度分析 64
7.5.1各種案例執行結果 65
7.5.2執行結果分析 67
7.6提早完工獎金與延遲罰金的影響 69
7.6.1案例執行結果 69
7.6.2執行結果分析 70
7.7資源最佳組合分析 73
7.7.1 SCRIPT MODEL演算流程與基本假設 73
7.8結論 76
八、結論 78
8.1結論 78
8.2未來研究方向 80
參考文獻 81
附錄一：關鍵資源案例測試 84
附錄二：Patterson案例測試 86

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