沉陷為橋梁於生命過程中必然會發生的現象，主要是指橋梁基礎於重力方向的變位。一般橋梁設計的應力檢核均將差異沉陷列入考量的項目，但並不考量基礎側移的影響。然而，相關沉陷案例指出，受地層變形影響而造成的基礎變位不僅發生於重力方向，即所謂的『沉陷』，亦可能發生於水平方向，即基礎『側移』。若橋梁基礎受地層變位影響而於短時間內發生過大的異常變位量，則可能會對橋體造成嚴重的損傷，甚至影響橋梁的安全性，因此，實有必要針對地層異常變形對橋梁所造成的影響進行研討。

本研究主要是根據相關案例之監測資料和橋體的損傷狀況，以及參考台灣營建研究院利用大地工程有限元素分析軟體PLAXIS模擬地層變位的分析結果來研判橋梁基礎可能產生的各種位移模式，並利用有限元素分析軟體SAP 2000 V.8建構案例橋梁模型來模擬分析橋體各構件於不同變位模式下之應力規模，以此評估橋梁於各種不同位移模式下可能發生的損傷情況，以及對於橋體安全性的影響程度，將評估之結果與相關案例之損傷情況進行比對，以進行驗證。然後根據橋梁的損傷程度及基礎變位情形研擬各階段之修護時機及修護對策。

Foundation settlement or movement in the gravity direction is the phenomenon that inevitably occurs in the course of life for the bridges, and therefore the differential settlement is considered in the design of the bridges. The lateral movement of foundations, unlike settlement, is generally not taken into account in the design, but does occur in several bridges having serious settlement problem. If the foundation of the bridge influenced by the soil deformation undergoes unusual movement during short time, may cause serious damage to the bridge structure, even influence the safety of the bridge. So, it is worth studying the influence of unusual soil deformation on the bridge.

The research, firstly, is to analyze the stress state of the bridge structure due to the different types of foundation movement, which are developed according to the monitored displacement data of the bridge and the analysis result from PLAXIS software conducted by Taiwan Construction Research Institute. Thereafter, based on the analyzed stress state of each bridge component, the damage pattern of the bridge can be figured out and then compared with the observed one, so as to evaluate the bridge safety. Finally, the retrofit strategy, including timing and method, can be made in accordance with the studied damage situation of the bridge.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1緣起 1
1.2研究目標與範疇 2
1.3文獻回顧 4
1.4架構與大綱 6
第二章 研析案例 8
2.1機場案例 8
2.2鐵路橋案例簡介 9
2.3公路橋案例簡介 10
2.3.1工程說明 10
2.3.2地質水文調查資料 11
2.3.3橋梁形式 12
2.3.4地層沉陷監測 14
2.3.5橋體損傷狀況 16
第三章 基礎異常變形模式 42
3.1橋體變位觀測資料 43
3.2重力方向位移 45
3.2.1設計差異沉陷 45
3.2.2相鄰橋墩的異常差異沉陷 46
3.2.3橋台橫方向的異常差異沉陷 46
3.3橋軸向位移 48
3.3.1同向等量位移 49
3.3.2同向差異位移 50
3.3.3相向擠壓 51
3.3.4反向分離 52
3.4橫向位移 52
第四章 橋體應力狀態模式 70
4.1重力方向變位 70
4.1.1設計差異沉陷 71
4.1.2異常差異沉陷 73
4.1.3橋橫向差異沉陷 75
4.2水平方向位移 78
4.2.1橋軸向同向等量位移 78
4.2.2橋軸向同向差異位移 80
4.2.3橋橫向差異位移 81
4.2.4解除伸縮縫束制 83
4.2.5基樁應力分析 85
第五章 橋體損傷模式 112
5.1一般損傷模式 113
5.1.1上部結構的損傷模式 116
5.1.2下部結構的損傷模式 119
5.2構件受力破壞行為 119
5.3重力方向位移造成之破壞 124
5.4橋軸向位移造成之破壞 125
5.5橋橫向位移造成之破壞 126
5.6基樁的損壞 127
第六章 橋梁修護分析 135
6.1重力方向變形修護分析 136
6.2伸縮縫閉合解除研判 139
第七章 修護計畫 163
7.1修護時機與修護項目的擬定 163
7.2修護方法介紹 165
7.3監測規劃 168
第八章 結論與建議 174
8.1結論 174
8.2建議 176
參考文獻 177

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