臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
複合材料提供比傳統金屬材料較高單位強度比、勁度比及彈性模數比，同時可減輕結構重量及降低工時成本，使得複合材料之應用亦成為國防武器發展之重要方向，並已廣泛應用在防彈裝備及軍事載具之抗衝擊防護等結構領域。其中纖維疊層複材板為武器系統防護材料結構中重要結構件之一，其功能主要為降低防護系統本體抗衝擊所造成之傷害，成為抗衝擊的主要材料之ㄧ。本論文主旨即在探討疊層複材板結構抗衝擊能力研究。
首先建立疊層複材板結構抗衝擊之數值模擬模型，同時以實驗測試纖維排列角度的改變對整體疊層板抗衝擊性能之影響，藉以獲得數值模擬所需之相關參數，再將兩者結果相互驗證，制定出一套完整的數值模擬法則。最後，在使用疊層理論、第一剪切理論及最小能量法，同時考量結構線彈性行為前提下，進行纖維疊層複材板結構分析。並藉由遺傳演算法(GA, Genetic Algorithm)技巧，對纖維疊層複材板構型進行最佳化設計，再以實際實驗結果對其加以驗證。

ABSTRACT
Composites offer higher strength, stiffness, and elasticity per unit weight than metals. The use of composites directly lower the cost in manufacturing and lighten the weight of the system structure. Therefore, the utilization of composites becomes more and more important in the development of the weapon armor system, which is to resist the ballistic impact more sufficiently. Laminated composite is the main portion in the structure of protection materials. The main objective of this thesis is to explore the research of the laminated composites under ballistic impact.
At the first stage, the main idea is to build a numerical simulation model. Meanwhile, several experiments are to be implemented. The parameters used in the numerical simulation can be obtained by examining how the angle variation in fiber arrangement influences the effect on the impact-resisting of the laminated composites. This research is to correct and optimize the simulation model by comparing the results between the simulation and the experiments. Secondly, on the premise of using laminated plate theory, first-order shear deformation theory, minimal potential energy principle, and taking the linear elasticity of the structure into account, the structure of the laminated composites can be well analyzed. Besides, by using genetic algorithm (GA), this research is to optimize the design of the laminated composite, which is capable to absorb the maximum impact energy, and verify it by examining the results of practical experiments.

目錄
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
ABSTRACT iv
目錄 v
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 xi
符號說明 xiii
1. 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 文獻回顧 3
1.2.1 疊層板結構抗衝擊能力分析之研究 3
1.2.1.1 解析法對疊層板結構抗衝擊能力分析之研究 3
1.2.1.2 實驗與數值模擬對疊層板結構設計分析之研究 6
1.2.2 複材疊層板結構最佳化設計之研究 7
1.3 研究動機 8
1.4 論文架構及研究流程 9
2. 遺傳演算法方法理論 13
2.1 遺傳演算法的源起 13
2.2 遺傳演算法的基本架構 15
2.2.1 選擇運算子 15
2.2.2 交配運算子 18
2.2.3 突變運算子 20
2.2.3.1 基本位突變 20
2.2.3.2 均勻突變 21
2.3 編碼方法 23
2.3.1 二進位編碼法 23
2.3.2 浮點數編碼法 25
2.3.3 符號編碼法 25
2.4 適應度函數與目標函數之關係 25
2.5 限制條件的處理方式 26
2.5.1 搜索空間限定法 26
2.5.2 可行解變換法 27
2.5.3 懲罰函數法 27
2.6 遺傳演算法基本流程 28
2.6.1 決定初始族群 28
2.6.2 適應度評估 28
2.6.3 選擇與複製 30
2.6.4 基因交配 30
2.6.5 基因突變 30
3. 疊層複材板結構抗衝擊實驗測試 32
3.1 實驗規劃 32
3.1.1 實驗材料參數 32
3.1.2 實驗流程 37
3.2 實驗結果 43
4. 數值模擬分析 45
4.1 軟體簡介 45
4.2 數值模擬選用計算之條件與種類 48
4.2.1 模型描述 48
4.2.2 材料參數 49
4.2.3 網格方式 49
4.2.4 邊界條件 51
4.3 數值模擬結果 51
4.4 實驗與數值模擬值比較 56
5. 複合材料疊層結構最佳化設計分析 57
5.1 設計分析理論 58
5.1.1 古典疊層板理論 58
5.1.2 纖維疊層複材板之結構勁度分析 59
5.2 疊層板結構抗衝擊分析 62
5.2.1 拉伸能 62
5.2.2 剪切彎曲能 64
5.2.3 脫層能 67
5.2.4 計算彈道極限速度 68
5.2.5 以實驗與數值模擬驗證解析法所建立之數學模型 68
5.3 最佳化設計數學模式 71
5.3.1 設計參數 72
5.3.2 目標函數 72
5.3.3 設計限制式 73
5.4 適應度函數 74
5.5 最佳化法則及求解程序 75
5.6 疊層複材板結構抗衝擊能力最佳化設計實例研究 76
5.6.1 疊層複材板結構模型描述 77
5.6.2 結果與討論 78
5.6.2.1 總厚度不變(h=6mm)及等厚度比((hg/hk)=0.5)條件下，Kevlar 29纖維疊層板排列角度變化對能量之關係 79
5.6.2.2 總厚度(h=6mm)不遍及固定纖維排列角度( )條件下，玻璃纖維與Kevlar29之厚度比對能量之影響 86
5.6.2.3 固定纖維疊層複材板排列角度條件下，厚度變化對能量之影響 89
5.7 對最佳值以實驗、數值模擬與數理論推導值再次驗證 92
6. 結論與建議 93
6.1 研究結論 93
6.2 後續研究方向與建議 94
參考文獻 96

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