臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於資訊和網路技術的蓬勃發展，遠端監控應用已成為人類數位化生活的一部份。近年來無所不在之網路(Ubiquitous Network)被提出來，且已成為熱門的研究領域，因此行動式監控系統將是監控應用未來發展的趨勢。為因應此一需求，本研究提出一個整合了ZigBee與RFID等新式無線技術之行動式監控架構。在本架構中，我們使用ZigBee技術於目標定位、環境感知與設備監控，而RFID技術則被用於識別使用者與強化系統安全。同時，我們利用類神經網技術來建立定位模型，而且應用網路服務技術建構系統之通訊基礎建設。故依據本架構所開發的整合式行動監控系統除了能提供一般的監控功能外，亦具備一些進階能力，如室內目標定位、身分無線識別、環境感知、無線影像傳輸、警示訊息主動推播及支援多樣化行動裝置操作等。性能測試結果顯示，本架構之室內定位功能準確度可達平均誤差1.624公尺，可以滿足一般監控系統對室內移動目標定位的需求。此外，遠端控制功能與主動推播功能的運作時間分別只要235毫秒與336毫秒，顯示系統操作的快速性。本研究之成果可應用於工廠及軍事設施之各式監控用途，也是建構新一代行動式監控系統之有用參考。

Due to the vigorous development of the information and networking technologies, remote monitoring and control (MC) applications have become a part of the digital life of humans. In recent years, the ubiquitous network has been proposed and has become a hot research topic. Thus, mobile MC systems will be the trend of future development of the MC applications. For conforming to such a requirement, this research proposes a mobile MC scheme that integrates new wireless technologies, such as ZigBee and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). In the proposed scheme, ZigBee is utilized in object positioning, environment sensing, and equipment monitoring and control, while RFIF is applied to identify users and enhance system security. Also, we use neural network to construct the positioning model and apply the Web Services technology to establish the system communication infrastructure. Thus, a mobile MC system based on the proposed scheme can not only provide general MC functions, but also possess various advanced capabilities, such as indoor object positioning, wireless user identification, environment sensing, wireless image transmission, active push of warning messages, and supporting operations using diverse mobile devices. The testing results show that the indoor positioning function achieves a degree of accuracy with an average error of 1.624 m, which can satisfy the indoor positioning demand of a MC system. In addition, the operational times in remote control and active push are 235 ms and 336 ms, respectively, which demonstrates the quickness of the system operations. The research results can be applied in various MC applications for factory and military. They are also a useful reference for constructing new-generation mobile MC systems.

誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
ABSTRACT iv
目錄 v
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 x
1. 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 3
1.3 論文架構 6
2. 核心技術介紹 7
2.1 新式無線技術 7
2.1.1 ZigBee技術 7
2.1.2 無線射頻識別技術 9
2.2 無線定位原理 11
2.2.1 訊號強度定位法 11
2.2.2 抵達時間定位法 12
2.2.3 抵達時間差定位法 13
2.2.4 抵達角度定位法 14
2.3 類神經網路技術 15
2.4 網路資訊安全技術 18
2.4.1 Secure Socket Layer 18
2.4.2 XML簽章 20
2.4.3 XML加密 21
2.4.4 單一登入服務 23
2.5 推播技術 24
2.6 網路服務技術 24
2.7 統一塑模語言 28
3. 整合新式無線技術之行動式監控系統架構 31
3.1 功能需求分析 31
3.2 系統架構設計 32
3.3 系統軟體功能設計 35
3.3.1 中介軟體 35
3.3.2 圖形化使用者介面 37
3.3.3 ZigBee定位功能 37
3.3.4 ZigBee環境感知與控制功能 38
3.3.5 RFID身分識別功能 39
3.3.6 遠端監視功能 40
3.3.7 主動推播功能 40
3.3.8 系統安全功能 42
3.3.9 使用者管理功能 44
3.3.10 ZigBee裝置功能開發 44
4. 定位演算法 47
4.1 基地台佈建 47
4.2 模型建立 49
4.3 距離定位法 52
4.4 座標定位法 56
4.5 距離－座標定位法 57
4.6 最接近訊號定位法 59
5. 系統硬體 63
5.1 ZigBee技術開發模組 63
5.2 門禁式無線射頻識別系統 65
5.3 手持式行動裝置 66
5.4 網路攝影機 67
6. 系統軟體元件開發 69
6.1 伺服端元件 69
6.1.1 使用案例圖 69
6.1.2 循序圖 71
6.1.3 類別圖 79
6.2 推播服務元件 80
6.2.1 使用案例圖 80
6.2.2 循序圖 81
6.2.3 類別圖 83
6.3 全系統之類別圖 84
7. 系統實作與整合測試 85
7.1 系統實作需求 85
7.1.1 開發環境 85
7.1.2 軟體需求 85
7.1.3 硬體需求 86
7.2 系統整合及測試 87
7.2.1 中介軟體設定 88
7.2.2 系統登入 90
7.2.3 使用者管理 93
7.2.4 RFID身分識別 95
7.2.5 ZigBee定位 97
7.2.6 ZigBee環境感知與控制 100
7.2.7 遠端監視 101
7.2.8 主動推播 101
7.3 系統效能分析 104
7.3.1 ZigBee定位功能 104
7.3.2 ZigBee遠端控制功能 106
7.3.3 主動推播功能 108
8. 結論 110
8.1 論文總結 110
8.2 重要成果 111
8.3 未來研究方向 112
參考文獻 113
自傳 119

[1]資策會FIND網站，“亞太各國無所不在的網路社會推動政策概述”。 http://www.find.org.tw/find/home.aspx?page=trend&id=1307。
[2]行政院國家資訊通信發展推動小組網站。http://www.nici.nat.gov.tw/content/application/nici/m_plan/index.php?selname=82&sn2。
[3]鄭妤君，“結合無線感測網路 ZigBee應用前景看好”，電子工程專輯，2005年7月22日。http://www.eettaiwan.com/ART_8800372353_675327_b4d7f738_no.HTM。
[4]曠文溱，“政府推動RFID及無線感測網路建置計畫”， Taiwan.CNET.com新聞專區，2005年11月23日。http://taiwan.cnet.com/news/comms/0,2000062978,20102675,00.htm。
[5]Al-Ali, A. R., and AL-Rousan, M., “Java-Based Home Automation System,” IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 498-504, May, 2004.
[6]Kimura, T., and Kanda, Y., “Development of a remote monitoring system for a manufacturing support system for small and medium-sized enterprises,” Computer in Industry, Vol. 56, pp. 3-12, 2005.
[7]Hao, Q., Shen, W. M., and Wang, L. H., “Towards a cooperative distributed manufacturing management framework,” Computer in Industry, Vol. 56, pp. 71-84, 2005.
[8]Raymond, B. S., Jr., and Nathan, S., “Web-Based Virtual Engineering Laboratory (VE-LAB) for Collaborative Experimentation on a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Starter/Alternator,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 1143-1150, July/August, 2000.
[9]Wu, C. H., and Jan, R. H., “System integration of WAP and SMS for home network system,” Computer Networks, Vol. 42, pp. 493-502, 2003.
[10]Hung, M. H., Chen, K. Y., and Lin, S. S., “A Web-Services-based Remote Monitoring and Control Architecture with the Capability of Actively Protecting Appliance Safety,” Journal of C.C.I.T., Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 385-402, November, 2005.
[11]顏明珠，“新一代網路式遠端監控技術之開發研究”，碩士論文，國防大學中正理工學院電子工程研究所，桃園，2004。
[12]Bajaj, R., Ranaweera, S. L., and Agrawal, D. P., “GPS: Location-Tracking Technology,” Computer, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 92-94, April, 2002.
[13]Want, R., Hopper, A., Falcão, V., and Gibbons, J., “The Active Badge Location System,” ACM Transaction on Information Systems, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 91-102, January, 1992.
[14]Priyantha, N. B., Chakraborty, A., and Balakrishnan, H., “The Cricket Location-Support System,” Proceedings of the 6th ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MOBICOM), Boston, MA, pp. 32-43, 2000.
[15]Bahl, P., and Padmanabhan, V. N., “RADAR: An In-Building RF-based User Location and Tracking System,” Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2000, Tel-Aviv, Israel, pp. 775-784, 2000.
[16]Feldmann, S., Kyamakya, K., Zapater, A., and Lue, Z., “An Indoor Bluetooth-based Positioning System: Concept, Implementation and Experimental Evaluation,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Wireless Networks, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, pp. 109-113, 2003.
[17]Lionel, M. N., Liu, Y., Lau, Y. C., and Patil, A. P., “LANDMARC: Indoor Location Sensing Using Active RFID,” Proceedings of the First IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom'03), Fort Worth, Texas, USA, pp. 407-415, 2003.
[18]Ladd, A. M., Bekris, K. E., Rudys, A. P., Wallach, D. S., and Kavraki, L. E., “On the Feasibility of Using Wireless Ethernet for Indoor Localization,” IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 555-559, June, 2004.
[19]Wang, C. L., Chiou, Y. S., and Yeh, S. C., “An Indoor Location Scheme Based on Wireless Local Area Networks,” Proceedings of 2005 Second IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, pp. 602-604, 2005.
[20]Akyildiz, I. F., Su, W., Sankarasubramaniam, Y., and Cayirci, E., “Wireless sensor networks: a survey,” Computer Networks, Vol. 38, pp. 393-422, 2002.
[21]Homepage of IEEE 802.15 WPAN Task Group 4. http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/15/pub/TG4.html.
[22]Gutierrez, J. A., Naeve, M., Callaway, E., Bourgeois, M., Mitter, V., and Heile, B., “IEEE 802.15.4: A Developing Standard for Low-Power Low-Cost Wireless Personal Area Networks,” IEEE Network, Vol. 15, No. 5, pp. 12-19, Sept./Oct., 2001.
[23]Callaway, E., Bahl, V., Gorday, P., Gutierrez, J. A., Hester, L., Naeve, M., and Heile, B., “Homeworking with IEEE 802.15.4: A Developing Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 40, No. 8, pp. 70-77, August, 2002.
[24]Homepage of ZigBee Alliance. http://www.zigbee.org/en/index.asp
[25]Finkenzeller, K., RFID Handbook: Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards and Identification, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., England, pp. 1-9, 2003.
[26]莊伯達，“RFID的特性與發展”，2003年12月。http://www.eantaiwan.org.tw/2003-12_3.htm。
[27]財團法人中華民國商品條碼策進會資訊中心，EPC射頻識別系統，財團法人中華民國商品條碼策進會，台北，第44頁，民國93年9月。
[28]陳一銘，“卡爾曼濾波器在無線定位系統上的應用”，碩士論文，長庚大學電機工程研究所，桃園，2001。
[29]李明勳，“無線定位系統之TOA幾何定位法”，碩士論文，長庚大學電機工程研究所，桃園，2002。
[30]鍾世一，“蜂巢式無線網路混合式行動定位方法之研究”，碩士論文，交通大學電信工程系，新竹，2002。
[31]邱永昌，“相對位移感測器輔助室內無線定位系統”，碩士論文，國立台灣科技大學機械工程系，台北，2004。
[32]Hecht-Nielsen, R., “Neurocomputing : picking the human brain,” IEEE Spectrum, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 36-41, March, 1988.
[33]Amari, S., “Mathematical Foundations of Neurocomputing,” Proceedings of IEEE, Vol. 78, No. 9, pp. 1443-1463, September, 1990.
[34]Hecht-Nielsen, R., “Theory of the Backpropagation Neural Network,” Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Network, Washington, USA, Vol. 1, pp. 593-605, 1989.
[35]粘添壽、吳順裕，資訊與網路安全技術，旗標出版股份有限公司，台北，第11-2至11-30頁，2004。
[36]W3C XML Signature Working Group Web Site. http://www.w3.org/Signature/.
[37]W3C XML Encryption Working Group Web Site. http://www.w3.org/Encryption/.
[38]Microsoft Web Site. http://msdn.microsoft.com/webservices/webservices/building/wse/default.aspx.
[39]Taylor, L., “Understanding Single Sign-on,” 2005. http://www.intranetjournal.com/articles/200205/se_05_28_02a.html.
[40]Microsoft Passport Network Homepage. http://www.passport.net/Consumer/default.asp?lc=1033.
[41]黃敬群，“推播、推敲－電腦網路技術之回顧與挑戰”，2005年2月28日。http://jserv.sayya.org/writing/push-technology.pdf。
[42]宏碁公司網頁。http://www.acer.net/index.jsp?name=service&act=service&type=1&act2=5-10。
[43]Web Services Activity Web Site. http://www.w3.org/2002/ws/.
[44]戚玉樑，網路服務技術導論，全華科技圖書股份有限公司，台北，第1-19至1-21頁，2004。
[45]UDDI Web Site. http://www.uddi.org.
[46]Web Services Description Language Version 2.0 Web Site. http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/WD-wsdl20-20040803/.
[47]SOAP Version 1.2 Web Site. http://www.w3.org/TR/soap12-part1/.
[48]Quatrani, T., “Introduction to the Unified Modeling Language,” June, 2003. ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/software/rational/web/whitepapers/2003/intro_rdn.pdf
[49]Schach, S. R., Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with UML and the Unified Process, McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 35-50, 2004.
[50]約翰‧佛洛依德著，余峻瑜譯，基礎統計學，台灣培生教育出版股份有限公司，台北，第585-589頁，2004。
[51]Chipcon Homepage. http://www.chipcon.com.
[52]Atmel Corporation Homepage. http://www.atmel.com/.
[53]有鵬科技股份有限公司網站。http://www.summitco.com.tw/。
[54]HP Homepage. http://www.hp.com.
[55]Pelco Homepage. http://www.Pelco.com.
[56]Axis Communication Homepage. http://www.axis.com/.
[57]Microsoft .NET網頁。http://www.microsoft.com/mspress/taiwan/Pages/NET_1842.htm。
[58]MathWorks Web Site.http://www.mathworks.com/index.shtml.
[59]Figure 8 Wireless Homepage.http://www.figure8wireless.com.
[60]Programmer’s Notepad Homepage.http://www.pnotepad.org.