對影像安全而言，影像鑑別技術是相當重要的一部分。影像壓縮技術日新月異，其功能已不僅在增加壓縮效率，同時也提供不同的功能特性以因應不同的應用需求。因此，一個有效之影像鑑別技術就必須根據影像壓縮技術本身特性而設計。JPEG 2000為一新興之影像壓縮標準，其提供了多樣化的功能以解決現今各種影像應用之領域，其中一個重要特性便是檔案串流具有可調性，解壓縮端僅需對所需之JPEG 2000壓縮位元串流進行解碼，即可獲得所要之影像，因此本論文便針對此一特性提出以JPEG 2000編碼法為基礎之漸進式影像鑑別技術。
有鑒於影像安全問題在各種影像應用領域中相當重要，JPEG 2000研究組織目前仍持續進行研究JPEG 2000影像相關之安全議題，並將其命名為JPSEC，其主要目的便是在符合JPEG 2000壓縮標準下，提供影像安全之標準規範。而本論文為因應這未來發展趨勢，在符合JPEG 2000檔案串流可調性之特性下，亦設計出符合JPSEC語法規範之漸進式影像鑑別技術。
本論文所提出之漸進式影像鑑別技術是以封包為最小鑑別單位，且由於封包同樣為JPEG 2000影像串流之最小單位，故本論文所提出之漸進式影像鑑別技術可完全支援JPEG 2000所有的漸進模式。並根據實驗結果顯示，本論文所提出之技術除了能針對存取部份影像串流達到漸進式影像鑑別之目的外，也可有效定位影像被竄改之區域。因此，本論文所提出之漸進式影像鑑別技術，可適用於不同的JPEG 2000影像編碼之應用。

Image authentication is a very important part for image security. Image compression technologies change with each passing day. They not only improve compression efficiency, but also provide a rich set of features for variety of applications. An efficient image authentication method should be developed according to the characteristics of the compression technique itself. JPEG 2000 is an emerging standard for still image compression and is becoming the solution of choice for many digital imaging fields and applications. One important aspect of JPEG 2000 is its scalable property. Decoder allows only extraction of sub-image from a single compressed image codestream for essential image data. Therefore, the thesis proposes a progressive image authentication scheme based on JPEG 2000 codec.
Recognizing that security is an important concern in many applications, the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) is on-going an activity known as Secure JPEG 2000 or JPSEC. Its goal is to extend the JPEG 2000 standard to provide a standardized framework for secure imaging. For tendency towards developing of future, the thesis also proposes another progression image authentication scheme integrated into JPSEC syntax for backward compatible with the scalable JPEG 2000 codestream.
The proposed image authentication schemes use the packets as the authentication units. Because the packets are also the basic units of the JPEG 2000 codestream, the proposed techniques fully support different progressive strategies for JPEG 2000 image coding. Experimental results show that the proposed authentication schemes can not only extract sub-codestream for progressive image authentication, but also locate the tampered image. Therefore, the proposed image authentication schemes are practical for various applications of progressive JPEG 2000 image authentication.

誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
ABSTRACT iv
目錄 v
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
1. 緖論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機及目的 2
1.3 論文架構 3
2. JPEG 2000影像鑑別技術 4
2.1 前言 4
2.2 JPEG 2000影像壓縮技術 4
2.2.1 JPEG 2000編解碼架構 6
2.2.2 前置處理 7
2.2.3 離散小波轉換 10
2.2.4 量化 14
2.2.5 熵編碼 15
2.2.6 漸進式傳輸模式 19
2.3 強固型數位簽章鑑別技術 21
2.4 壓縮域圖像鑑別技術 21
2.5 以封包為基礎之漸進式鑑別技術 22
2.6 JPSEC鑑別法 22
2.7 小結 24
3. 以JPEG 2000編碼法為基礎之漸進式影像鑑別技術 25
3.1 前言 25
3.2 封包漸進式鑑別法 25
3.3 鑑別資訊產生及嵌入 26
3.3.1 相容於JPEG 2000 – Part 1之嵌入法 29
3.3.2 JPSEC語法嵌入法 30
3.4 竄改區域偵測 31
4. 實驗結果與討論 33
4.1 實驗環境 33
4.2 實驗結果 34
4.3 小結 40
5. 結論與未來研究方向 41
5.1 結論 41
5.2 未來研究方向 42
參考文獻 43
自傳 47

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