臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究基於微觀力學觀點，掌握岩石之節理面粗糙特性、節瘤接觸界面力學行為、以及完整岩材力學性質三項基本力學特質；在位移諧和與力平衡為約制條件下，由微觀力學方法發展之岩石節理面力學組成模式為分析工具，用以推估節理面之宏觀力學行為；同時，亦根據節瘤接觸之界面力學行為與岩材破壞模式，對岩石節理面的力學規模效應，進行理論模式之探討。另外，本研究亦藉由實驗觀察的比較，可驗證本文模式可應用於節理面力學規模效應的分析，亦可對規模效應的影響因子做一更深入的瞭解。
本研究以花崗岩製作兩組粗糙特性不同之張裂節理面，透過矽橡膠翻製母模後，再以石膏材料對上述兩模擬節理面大量複製粗糙分布相同、但尺寸不同之模擬節理試體，經由實驗模擬與模式分析之比較驗證，證明本文所採用岩石節理面組成模式，確可具備分析粗糙節理面之力學規模效應的功能。另一方面透過此模式分析所得節瘤接觸面積、節瘤接觸應力、節瘤破壞區分布、以及節理面受剪膨脹角等特徵，可對節理面粗糙度與節理側壁強度與節理面剪力行為之貢獻做一有效之釐清。根據研究結果顯示：當節理面粗糙度JRC值超過10以上時，其力學規模效應逐漸明顯呈現。對於相同粗糙分布之模擬節理面而言，在低正向應力作用與尖峰剪位移前，節理面粗糙特性使得節瘤接觸面積較小、接觸應力較高、以及膨脹角亦較高的狀態下，兩不同規模節理面之剪力強度由此產生差異；隨作用之正向應力增加，當剪位移越過尖峰位移值後，節瘤的岩材強度則為節理面剪力強度的來源。

Numerous potential scale effects are exist in the field of rock masses engineering such as excavations of underground cavern, foundations of dam, and deep repository of nuclear waste isolation, and the real existence problems are also become a dilemma for engineers that is how to accurately select the design parameters about rock masses during the design phases. According to the development on the rock mechanics at recently two decades, the most of relevant studies on scale effects of rock joints is adopted by back analyses from experimental observations or by the viewpoint of macro-mechanical method, and it is recognized that the roughness coefficient, JRC, and compression of sidewalls, JCS, is major influence factors causing the scale effects of rock joints with the same roughness distribution but with different sample length. However, the key mechanisms to control the scale effects on the strength and deformability of rock joints has not been solved in details up to now.
In this research proposal, the scale effects of strength and deformability for rock joints are studied synthetically by two approaches, theoretical analyses and experimental simulations. In the theoretical approaches, the mechanical behaviors of single rock joint are analyzed based on the micro-mechanical concept. Except that the mechanical behaviors of rough fractures under shearing could be derived from the proposed model, the main factors caused the scale effects of rock joints changes of roughness angle i , contact areas of asperities, and strength of asperities under shearing, are also estimated with this proposed model in details. In the experimental simulations, a specifically design experiment, progressive shear test, on the same modeling joints is used to investigate the distribution of failure zones of asperities under sheared, and the roughness changes on joint surface is comparison with the results of model analyses by an image process method.
According to the results from investigation shows that the scale effects of sheared joints induced from roughness and strength of asperities can be effective clarified by this proposed concept, and roughness play an important role controlling the difference of shear strength of two modeling joint samples with same roughness characteristics but with different sample length before peak shear displacement impeding. However, the strength of asperities, JCS, is main factor controlling the shear strength of rough joints as shear over the peak value.

誌謝ii
摘要iii
ABSTRACTiv
目錄vi
表目錄ix
圖目錄x
符號說明xv
1. 研究動機及目的1
1.1 研究動機1
1.2 研究目的1
1.3 研究方法2
1.4 研究架構3
2. 文獻探討5
2.1 岩石節理面力學模式5
2.2 節理面規模效應研究7
2.2.1國外相關之研究7
2.2.2國內相關之研究8
3. 節理面微觀力學行為分析模式11
4. 節理面力學行為之實驗模擬17
4.1 模擬材料基本力學性質17
4.1.1 基本力學性質試驗設備17
4.1.2 模擬材料之基本力學試驗18
4.1.2.1 模擬材料之選取18
4.1.2.2 試體製作及養護18
4.1.2.3 模擬岩材之基本力學性質18
4.1.2.4 平滑節理面之力學行為20
4.2 模擬節理面試體製作22
4.3 實驗設備25
4.4 實驗規劃26
4.4.1 直接剪力試驗30
4.4.2 漸進式破壞剪力試驗30
4.5 實驗結果36
4.5.1 直接剪力試驗結果36
4.5.2漸進式破壞剪力試驗結果52
4.5.3 實驗成果討論56
4.5.3.1 直剪試驗56
4.5.3.2 漸進式破壞剪力試驗56
5. 模式模擬與分析58
5.1 代表性剖面數與節理元素尺寸之選擇58
5.2 節理面力學行為模擬58
5.3 節理面漸進式破壞模擬75
5.3.1 節理面漸進式破壞模擬分析75
5.3.2 節理面漸進式破壞特性84
5.4 節理面力學規模效應84
5.5節理面規模效應之影響因子94
6. 結論與建議108
6.1 結論108
6.2 建議110
參考文獻111

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