臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

登革熱病毒 (Dengue virus) 屬於黃熱病毒屬 (Flaviviridae),為正向單股 (positive single-stranded) 的RNA病毒,其RNA基因組的大小約是11Kb，當病毒感染到寄主細胞後可轉譯出一個多蛋白前趨物 (polyprotein, C-prM-E-NS1-NS2a-NS2b-NS3-NS4a-NS4b-NS5)，此多蛋白前趨物會被病毒本身或寄主細胞的蛋白酶作用而形成個別的蛋白質。在這些蛋白中, 殼體蛋白在病毒的複製扮演著重要的角色,特別是在包覆其RNA基因組方面。根據之前研究觀察到殼體蛋白會進入到寄主細胞的細胞核和核仁內，但是其在細胞核及核仁內的孕峇握ㄡM楚。我們利用酵母菌雜合系統 (Yeast two-hybrid system) 來尋找和登革熱病毒的殼體蛋白有相互結合之蛋白，其中我們最感興趣的是hTAF7這個轉錄因子。因為hTAF7 已知會和c-Jun, Sp1, YY1, USF, CTF和腺病毒E1A 結合,並且會影響TAFII250的乙醯化能力,進而抑制MHC class I的啟動子表現。在本論文中我利用GST捉取分析法 (GST pull-down assay),共免疫沉澱法 (co-immunoprecipitation) 和免疫螢光染色 (immunostaining) 證明hTAF7確實會和病毒的殼體蛋白結合。我也利用酵母菌雜合系統去找出此兩蛋白所結合的區域,結果顯示出殼體蛋白的N端及C端序列都是和hTAF7結合所必需的,另一方面, hTAF7中央區域的胺基酸序列似乎是與殼體蛋白結合的位置。此外,我利用報導基因分析法 (reporter assay) 來探討這兩個蛋白質的結合作用對基因表現的調控,結果顯出hTAF7的確如先前的研究,會抑制MHC class I啟動子的表現,反之殼體蛋白會稍微的提高其表現。而當把表現hTAF7和殼體蛋白之質體一起轉染至細胞內, MHC class I啟動子的表現卻又會比單獨只有表現hTAF7蛋白高一些。

Dengue virus belongs to the family of Flaviviridae. The genome of Dengue virus type II is composed of a positive-stranded RNA with about 11 Kb in length. When Dengue virus infected cells, the genomic RNA would encode a polyprotein (C-prM-E-NS1-NS2a-NS2b-NS3-NS4a-NS4b-NS5) and the polyprotein could be further processed to individual protein. Among these proteins, the core protein was essential in virus assembly to ensure specific encapsidation of the viral genome. Although Dengue virus replicated in the ER, the core protein could be also detected in the nucleus and nucleolus, suggesting the core protein may have other functions. Using yeast-two hybrid with DVII core protein as a bait protein, we found several candidate genes. In these candidate genes, we were most interested in hTAF7. hTAF7 protein had been shown to interact with many transcription factors, like c-Jun, Sp1, YY1, USF, CTF and adenovirus E1A. Moreover, hTAF7 had been demonstrated to affect the acetyltransferase activity of TAFII 250, resulting in down-regulation of promoter activity of MHC class I. In this thesis, in vitro pull-down assay, in vivo co-immunoprecipitation and immunostaining were performed to demonstrate that hTAF7 could interact with DVII core protein. In addition, the binding regions between hTAF7 and DVII core protein were mapped by yeast two-hybrid. Both the N terminus and C terminus of DVII core protein were necessary to interact with hTAF7.
However, central region of hTAF7 amino acids seemed to be necessary to interact with DVII core protein. Whether DVII core protein would affect cellular gene regulation was also tested. The result of reporter assay showed that hTAF7 down-regulated MHC class I promoter as previous references shown. On the contrary, DVII core protein could up-regulate slightly the expression of MHC class I promoter. When cells were cotransfected plasmids expressing hTAF7 and DVII core protein, the expression of MHC class I promoter was up-regulated slightly than that of hTAF7 only.

Chinese abstract-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I

Abstract------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------II

Index---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------III

Chapter I: Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------1
The background and clinical features of Dengue virus-----------------------------------1
The proteins of Dengue virus---------------------------------------------------------------- 3
Core----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
E and M -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
NS1-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
NS2b and NS3----------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
NS4b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
NS5-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
Replication cycle of Dengue virus-----------------------------------------------------------6
hTAF---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
hTAF7--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
Motive--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8

Chapter II: Materials and Methods-----------------------------------------------------------10
Plasmid preparation----------------------------------------------------------------------------10
Preparation of E.Coli competent cells-------------------------------------------------------11
E.Coli transformation--------------------------------------------------------------------------11
Yeast transformation---------------------------------------------------------------------------12
Construction of plasmids----------------------------------------------------------------------12
Purification of GST-fusion protein-----------------------------------------------------------18
In vitro transcription and translation---------------------------------------------------------19
Pull-down assay--------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
Cell culture--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
Transfection-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
Co-immunoprecipitation-----------------------------------------------------------------------20
Western Blot-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21
Immunostaining---------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
Cytoplasmic and nuclear extract preparation-----------------------------------------------22
Reporter assay-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------22

Chapter III: Results-----------------------------------------------------------------------------23
Purification of full-length hTAF7 and truncated hTAF7 protein-------23
Physical interaction between hTAF7 and DVII Core Protein in vitro-------------------23
Interaction between hTAF7 and DVII core protein in vivo-------------------------------23
Mapping of the interaction region of DVII core protein and hTAF7--------------------24
Subcellular localization of DVII core protein and hTAF7--------------------------------24
Biochemical investigation of hTAF7 localization in the presence or absence of DVII
core protein--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25
MHC class I promoter activity assay--------------------------------------------------------25

Chater IV: Discussion--------------------------------------------------------------------------26
hTAF7 associated with DVII core protein in vitro and in vivo---------------------------26
Colocalization between hTAF7 and DVII core protein------------------------------------27
Activity of MHC class I affected by hTAF7 and DVII core protein---------------------27

References---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28

Figures-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------38
Figure 1. To prove interaction between hTAF7 and DVII core protein in vitro by GST pull-down assay---------------------------------------------------------------------38
Figure 2. To prove interaction between hTAF7 and DVII core protein in vivo by coimmunoprecipitation------------------------------------------------------------39
Figure 3. To map the interaction regions between hTAF7 and DVII core protein by
yeast two-hybrid assay-------------------------------------------------------------40
Figure 4. Subcellular localization of hTAF7 itself and DVII core protein itself in
HeLa cells----------------------------------------------------------------------------41
Figure 5. Subcellular localization of hTAF7 and DVII core protein in HeLa cells---42
Figure 6. Biochemical investigation of hTAF7 localization in the presence or absence of DVII core protein----------------------------------------------------------------43
Figure 7. Regulation of MHC class I promoter by hTAF7 and/or DVII core protein-44

Appendix----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------45
Appendix Figure 1.Structure of DVII core protein----------------------------------------45

Plasmid maps-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------46

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