臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

歐 盟 終 身 學 習 政 策 之 分 析

指導教授：吳明烈博士
研 究 生：楊美緩
摘 要
本研究旨在探討歐盟的終身學習政策。主要研究目的有五項：（一）探討歐盟終身學習政策的背景因素；（二）探究歐盟終身學習政策的具體內涵；（三）瞭解歐盟終身學習政策的實踐結果；（四）剖析歐盟終身學習政策的特色；（五）歸納歐盟推展終身學習的經驗，提出對我國的啟示。
本研究採文件分析法進行研究，針對歐盟一九九三年以後有關終身學習的政策文件或行動方案與計畫進行探討與分析。綜合研究結果，提出以下結論：
一、歐盟推展教育和職業訓練的法源依據，為馬斯垂克條約第126款和127款，賦予共同體和會員國推動的合法性。
二、歐盟終身學習的發展背景，受到全球化來臨、經濟衰退和社會排斥等三大因素影響。
三、歐盟終身學習政策秉持維護學習權、養成人民能力、重視政府角色、建立學習文化以及發展歐盟特色的重要核心理念。
四、終身學習政策文件以建構完整學習體系為內涵，著重教育與訓練的推展、建立公平學習的社會與實踐終身學習三大層面。
五、終身學習行動方案和計畫的內容，涵跼虼|交流合作的蘇格拉底方案、職業訓練創新的達文西方案、培養數位能力的數位學習和數位歐洲方案，以及終身學習區域網絡的建立。
六、教育與訓練方案的實踐障礙，有行政效率不彰、欠缺溝通協調、經費不足、利益考量、新會員國加入等，須力求改善；其具體成效為達到交流合作、創新研發、語言能力與就業力提升等。
七、終身學習政策呈現多元面向的規劃，具有因應全球化挑戰、發揮經濟弁遄B建立歐洲認同、塑造學習文化、多元策略、合作聯盟、交流互動、追求公平正義、發展人民能力、建立終身學習指標與強化資訊科技等特色。
八、針對終身學習政策推展的障礙與實施成果，歐盟須致力於改善實施障礙、凝聚共識、重視學習權、建立評鑑制度、發展長期計畫、重視中東歐國家與加強國際合作，擬定更完善的終身學習策略。
九、我國推展終身學習與歐盟終身學習政策的願景不謀而合，根據歐盟經驗，提出務實策略、系統整合、發展資訊和學術網絡、培養人民能力、結合民間資源以及國際合作等七項啟示，做為對我國的參考。



依據結論提出下列建議：
一、對教育部與各地方教育局推展終身學習政策之建議
（一）充實終身學習配套措施之法案。
（二）提出因應全球化、促進經濟成長和對抗社會排斥的終身學習政策。
（三）中央宜制定統整的政策，實踐邁向學習社會白皮書的內涵，持續推動終身學習方案。
（四）加速數位環境的建立與全民數位能力的養成。
（五）針對歐盟推動終身學習的障礙，提出我國的因應策略。
（六）積極投入研發和創新。

二、對後續研究之建議
（一）進行歐盟單一終身學習行動方案和計畫的研究。
（二）可對單一國家進行研究。
（三）針對歐盟所屬機構進行參觀並蒐集資料。
（四）增加終身學習量化資料研究。
（五）持續關注國內外終身學習之推動。
（六）不斷進行終身學習的研究與發展。

An Analysis of European Union Lifelong Learning Policy
Adversior: Dr. Ming-Lieh Wu
Student: Mai-Huan Yang
Abstract
This study is to analyze the lifelong learning policy of European Union (EU). Five research purposes are followed: 1. to explore the background of EU lifelong learning policy 2. to extract the content of EU lifelong learning policy 3. to discover the achievement of EU lifelong learning policy 4. to analyze the characteristics of EU lifelong learning policy 5. to acquire implications from EU lifelong learning policy experience for Taiwan. The methodology employed by this study is documentary analysis. Documents, programs and plans after 1993 for EU lifelong learning policy are collected, reviewed, analyzed and integrated. And research results are found as follows:
1. Maastricht Treaty Article 126 and Article 127, the legislative base, empower Community and Member States legitimacy to develop education and vocational training.
2. The developing background of EU lifelong learning policy is influenced by globalization oncoming, economic degeneration, and social exclusion.
3. Key concepts of EU lifelong learning policy are to uphold learning rights, to strengthen citizens’ capacities, to extend states’ role, to cultivate learning culture, and to develop characteristics of European Union.
4. Vision of EU lifelong learning documents is to construct an integrated learning system which emphasizes the development of education and training, justice of learning opportunities, and practice of lifelong learning.
5. Lifelong learning action plans include Socrates program for cooperation in education, Leonardo da Vinci program for vocational training innovation, and elearning for developing digital ability.
6. The obstacles of educational and vocational training programs needed to be overcome are inefficiency of administration, lack of communication and negotiation, shortage of budget, conflicts of interests, receiving of new Member States. Concrete achievements are communicative cooperation, innovative research and development, advance language competence and employment.
7. Characteristics induced from multiple lifelong learning policies are to cope with the challenge of globalization, to achieve an economic function, to create European identity, to cultivate learning culture, to develop partnerships, to apply plural lifelong learning strategies, to increase mobility and exchange, to promote social justice, to enhance people’s capacities, to compose lifelong learning indicators, and to reinforce information technology learning.
8. Beyond the current obstacles and achievement, EU needs to overcome obstacles, to reach consensus, to value learning rights, to establish evaluation system, to develop long-term plans, to pay close attention to Central and Eastern Europe, and to enhance international cooperation.
9. Development of Taiwan’s lifelong learning activities corresponds to the vision of EU lifelong learning policy. Based on the experience of EU, seven implications are concrete strategies, systematic integration, network of information and academia, cultivation of people’s competence, coalition of private resources, and international cooperation.
According to the research results, the following suggestions are posited:
1. Suggestions for ministry of education and local education authorities implementing lifelong learning policy
(1) Establish complete lifelong learning accompanying measures.
(2) Formulate lifelong learning policy to cope with globalization, to promote economic growth and to combat social exclusion.
(3) The central government needs to enact integrated policy, to put the content of White Paper “Towards the lifelong learning society” into practice, and to facilitate lifelong learning programs continually.
(4) Accelerate digital environment construction and promote every citizen’s digital competences.
(5) Execute strategies for dealing with Taiwan possible obstacles contrast to EU lifelong learning ones.
(6) Concoct research and innovation vigorously
2. Suggestions for further study
(1) Conduct research on single EU lifelong learning program.
(2) Do research on only one Member States.
(3) Visit EU subordinate institution and collect data.
(4) Enhance lifelong learning quantitative research.
(5) Pay attention to the movement of lifelong learning.
(6) Proceed research and development of lifelong learning continually.

目 次
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與重要性 1
第二節 研究動機與目的 3
第三節 研究方法與步驟 5
第四節 名詞釋義 9
第五節 研究範圍與限制 11
第二章 歐盟終身學習政策的發展背景 13
第一節 歐盟整合進程與機構弁? 13
第二節 歐盟終身學習政策的法源基礎 19
第三節 影響歐盟終身學習政策的因素 22
第三章 歐盟終身學習政策文件的理念與內涵之分析 29
第一節 歐盟終身學習的意義與核心理念 29
第二節 歐盟終身學習政策文件的具體內涵 34
第三節 歐盟終身學習政策文件的評析 44
第四章 歐盟終身學習行動方案與計畫之分析 51
第一節 歐盟教育層級的合作：蘇格拉底方案 51
第二節 歐盟職業訓練的創新：達文西方案 59
第三節 歐盟數位學習網絡的發展：數位學習與數位歐洲方案 66
第四節 歐盟學習區域的建立：終身學習區域網絡 76
第五節 終身學習行動方案與計畫的評析 79
第五章 歐盟終身學習政策的推展及其對我國的啟示 85
第一節 歐盟終身學習政策的願景、目標與策略之分析 85
第二節 歐盟推動終身學習政策的障礙與成效 90
第三節 歐盟終身學習政策特色與發展趨勢 96
第四節 歐盟終身學習政策對我國的啟示 105
第六章 結論與建議 109
第一節 結論 109
第二節 建議 116
參考文獻 120
附錄一 致歐盟教育與文化總署之信函 132
附錄二 歐盟教育與文化總署之回函 133

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