臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著現代老年人口逐漸上升，青少年習於使用隨身音響耳機設
備，以及新生兒聽力損失率還無法有效控制等因素影響下，聽力損失
以及需要助聽器設備的人口比例將會逐年升高。而對釵h臨床上不能
治療，但尚有殘餘聽力的聽力障礙患者來說，可以通過配戴助聽器來
改善和提高聽的能力。對助聽器的研發人員來說，"噪音"一直是助聽
器研發人員所要解決的問題。在現實生活中，背景雜訊常常會干擾人
類對聲音的辨識和瞭解，這種干擾對於聽障患者更為嚴重。在日常生
活中，背景雜訊除了一般的寬頻帶雜訊之外，我們偶爾也會遇到諸如
運轉中的風扇或汽機車引擎聲等類型的弦波雜訊，而在近年來，雙麥
克風系統(dual microphone)已經被廣泛的使用在數位式助聽器上，本
論文以適應性雜訊消除(ANC)以及適應性單頻訊號提升器(ALE)為基
礎，提出兩個雙輸入的雜訊消除系統，分別對應不同的背景雜訊，藉
由這兩個系統，我們可以將背景雜訊從接收到的訊號中分離出來，這
兩個系統的雜訊消除能力將在內文中做比較，在低SNR 的實驗中，
我們可以發現，系統II 對於輸入的訊號，平均可以提升7.56 dB，較
系統I 的平均6.96 dB 為高，但系統I 對於弦波雜訊具有較佳的濾波
效果，而系統II 則在雜訊較複雜的環境裡有較好的表現。總結來說，
系統II 具有較好的表現，但我們仍然希望可以藉由一個可切換的設
計，讓助聽器可以處理各種不同的雜訊類型。

In the modern society, the number of old people is gradually
raised, the teenagers are used to personal stereo earphones, and the
hearing lose of the newborns is still out of control. All of these factors
contribute to the continuously increase in the need of hearing aids. To
those Dysaudia patients who can't be clinically treated but still has
remaining hearing, they can improve the hearing ability by wearing
hearing aids. For the hearing aid researchers, “noise＂ has always
been a problem to solve. In real life, background noise always
interferes the ability of people to distinguish and understand the voice,
this kind of interference is even more severe to the hearing loss
patients. In daily life, background noise includes not only the
wideband noise but also the sinusoidal noise, such as ventilating fan or
engine noise. In recent years, dual microphone system has been
widely used on digital hearing aids. This paper proposes two
dual-input noise cancellation systems based on ANC and ALE, each of
which corresponds to different background noise. By using these two
systems, we can eliminate the background noise from the signal. The
noise-elimination power of the two systems are compared in the study.
In low SNR experiments(-20～0 dB SNR), the average SNR of
system II improves 7.56 dB, while system I only improves 6.96 dB.
Moreover system I outperforms system II in reducing sinusoidal noise,
while System II has better performance in more complex noisy
environments. Therefore, we can conclude that system II has better
iii
average performance, but an suitable scheme may be suggested to
switch the hearing aid in different mode to cope with different noise
types.

第一章 緒論............................................................................ 1
1.1 研究背景與動機...........................................................................1
1.2 研究目的.......................................................................................4
1.3 論文架構.......................................................................................5
第二章 基本理論.................................................................... 6
2.1 適應性濾波器簡介........................................................................6
2.2 適應性雜訊消除的基本原理.......................................................6
2.3 使用最小均方根演算法的適應性雜訊消除............................10
2.4 使用最小均方根演算法的適應性單頻訊號提昇器................12
2.4 ANC 與ALE 的特性...............................................................14
第三章 雙輸入雜訊消除系統I............................................ 15
3.1 助聽器.........................................................................................15
3.2 雙輸入的雜訊消除系統I..........................................................17
3.2.1 雙輸入雜訊消除系統的基本原理....................................................18
3.3 環境與系統參數的設定.............................................................19
3.4 雙輸入雜訊消除系統I 的模擬結果..........................................21
3.5 以實際聲音做模擬....................................................................30
v
3.5.1 馬達聲...............................................................................................30
3.5.2 平交道旁火車通過的聲音...............................................................31
3.5.3 市場的吵雜聲...................................................................................32
3.5.4 空壓機的運轉聲...............................................................................33
第四章 雙輸入雜訊消除系統II .......................................... 35
4.1 雙輸入的雜訊消除系統II .........................................................35
4.1.2 雙輸入雜訊消除系統II 的環境設定與參數...................................35
4.2 雙輸入雜訊消除系統II 的模擬結果........................................36
4.3 以實際聲音做模擬......................................................................40
4.3.1 馬達聲...............................................................................................40
4.3.2 平交道旁火車通過的聲音...............................................................41
4.3.3 市場的吵雜聲...................................................................................41
4.3.4 空壓機的運轉聲...............................................................................41
4.3 結果討論......................................................................................42
第五章 其他測試.................................................................. 43
5.1 測試單純只有語音與雜訊時的系統效能................................43
5.2 測試不同SNR 值時系統的效能..............................................44
5.3 測試語音與雜訊同向時系統的效能........................................50
5.3.1 測試不同SNR 值時系統的效能......................................................51
第六章 結論與未來展望...................................................... 58
6.1 結論.............................................................................................58
6.2 未來展望.....................................................................................59

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