臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本實驗利用一恆溫結晶槽以及流動式顯微照相系統觀察分析三種雜質果糖、葡萄糖與半乳糖對蔗糖結晶成長的影響，實驗中採用接觸成核(contact nucleation)的方式，使其產生許多細小的晶種，然後觀察其成長，可得到晶體成長的速率分佈(GRD)，其與晶體大小無關(size-independent)，亦符合CCG (constant crystal growth) model。

實驗觀察發現，果糖、葡萄糖及半乳糖存在於蔗糖溶液中，可以增加蔗糖晶體的成長速率；果糖、葡萄糖及半乳糖分子結構與蔗糖有一部分相似，故很容易排入蔗糖之晶格中，產生新的生長點，使得整體蔗糖晶體的成長速率增加。本實驗中溶液流動相當快，使得質傳擴散速率相當快，因此可假設晶體成長速率是以表面反應步驟為速率決定步驟，雜質吸附於晶面會達到一動態平衡，並且利用Langmuir恆溫吸附來表示晶體表面覆蓋率與溶液中雜質濃度之關係。最後，利用實驗數據帶入此模式以非線性迴歸求得有效因子(α)與Langmuir吸附常數(K)。

Abstract

The influences of impurities on the growth kinetics of sucrose crystals in aqueous solutions are studied using a photomicroscopic technique in an isothermal, continuous-flow chamber. The phenomena of size-independent growth and growth rate dispersion are observed in the experiments.

Impurities, including fructose, galactose and glucose, are added to sucrose solutions at various impurity/water ratios (I/W). The experimental results show that, as the value of I/W for all impurities increases, the crystal growth rate increases. As the structures of fructose、galactose and glucose are similar to sucrose, these impurities might be incorporated into sucrose crystal lattice and promotes growth rate of sucrose crystals by forming more new growth sites. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm is applied to relate the fractional coverage of the impurity on the crystal surface with the impurity concentration in solution. In the end, effectiveness factor (α) and the Langmuir constant (K) are determined by fitting the experimental data with the proposed model.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
目錄 iii
圖表目錄 v
第一章 序論……………………………………………………... 1
第二章 文獻回顧………………………………………………... 4
2-1 結晶理論………………………………………………... 4
2-1-1 過飽和度產生……………………………………. 5
2-1-2 成核現象…………………………………………. 6
2-1-3 晶體成長…………………………………………. 10
2-2 蔗糖性質………………………………………………... 13
2-2-1 蔗糖晶體的成長…………………………………. 15
2-3 雜質對結晶速率的影響……………………………… 17
2-3-1 雜質進入晶體的現象…………………………… 18
2-3-2 雜質對晶體成長速率的影響…………………… 20
第三章 原理……………………………………………………... 32
3-1 雙重阻力模式…………………………………………... 32
3-2 Langmuir等溫吸附線…………..……..………………... 34
第四章 實驗裝置與步驟………………………………………... 39
4-1 實驗藥品………………………………………………... 40
4-2 分析儀器………………………………………………... 40
4-3 實驗步驟………………………………………………... 41
第五章 結果與討論………………………………………... 46
5-1 晶體大小與成長速率的關係…………………………... 46
5-2 果糖，葡萄糖及半乳糖雜質對晶體成長速率之影響 47
5-3 以吸附模式討論雜質對成長速率的影響……………... 47
第六章 結論……………………………………………………... 64
參考文獻…………………………………………………………... 66
符號說明…………………………………………………………... 70

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許峰瑜, 2002 “雜質對蔗糖晶體成長的影響”長庚大學化工與材料工程研究所, 碩士論文
張良睿, 2005 “果糖對蔗糖晶體成長之影響”長庚大學化工與材料工程研究所, 碩士論文