臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在實務上，存在著許多因素如產品價格等，使得零售商購買大量的存貨且超過其自有倉庫容量。因此，零售商必須租用倉庫或新建其他倉庫來提供額外空間存放超過的數量。然而，從經濟的觀點來看，零售商通常會選擇租用倉庫。此外，傳統的存貨模型中通常假設需求率為固定，且與存貨水準獨立。近來，許多學者放寬這樣的假設並且提出需求率與時間有關的存貨模型，試圖找出最佳訂購策略。
早期文獻上甚少有存貨模型是考慮兩倉庫模型以及需求率是與存貨水準有關的形式，近來Zhou and Yang (2005)考慮了自有倉庫容量有限且需求率與存貨水準有關的存貨模型，本研究延伸他們的模型，假設當存貨水準在某一水準之上時，其需求率與存貨水準有關；當存貨水準在某一水準之下時，其需求率則為一固定常數，直到再訂購點發生。
本研究提出需求率與存貨水準有關且自有倉庫容量有限的存貨模型將幫助零售商決定是否應該租用倉庫以及最佳訂購策略。其目的在使得零售商的平均利潤最大化，並且找出最佳訂購量與最佳訂購週期。最後，利用數值範例以及敏感度分析解釋所提出之模型。

Practically, various factors, such as attractive price discount for bulk purchase, make retailers buy goods which are more than the capacity of their owned warehouse. Hence, retailers have to rent or build warehouses which provide additional space to store the excess quantities. For economical consideration, however, they usually choose to rent warehouses. Moreover, classical inventory models usually assume that the demand is constant but independent of inventory level. Recently, some researchers release this assumption and develop inventory models, which the demand is dependent on inventory level. They attempt to find the optimal ordering policy.
However, few inventory models concerning two-warehouse model and inventory-level-dependent demand pattern have been found in the literature. In a recent paper, Zhou and Yang (2005) develop an inventory model considering the two-warehouse model and stock-dependent demand rate. In this study, we extend their model by assuming that demand rate would decline when stock-level goes down to a certain level of the inventory, and then it would become constant for the rest of the cycle.
The proposed model considering inventory model with two warehouses and stock-dependent demand rate will make the retailers to determine whether to use rented warehouse and how to order. The objective of the proposed model is to maximize the average profit, and find the optimal replenishment quantity, replenishment cycle and shipment schedule. Finally, numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are presented to illustrate the proposed model.

誌謝 iv
摘要 v
Abstract vi
目錄 vii
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 x
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究方法與步驟 3
1.4 論文章節概要 5
第二章 文獻回顧 6
2.1 需求率與存貨水準有關之文獻回顧 6
2.2 兩倉庫模型之相關文獻回顧 9
2.3 小結 12
第三章 單一倉庫之存貨模型 13
3.1 符號定義 13
3.2 基本假設 13
3.3 單一倉庫之存貨模型 14
3.4 求解過程 16
3.5 數值範例 18
第四章 兩倉庫之存貨模型 20
4.1 符號定義 20
4.2 基本假設 21
4.3 兩倉庫(外租與自有倉庫)之存貨模型 22
4.4 求解過程 25
4.5 數值範例 27
第五章 模型之討論與比較 29
5.1 比較兩模型之數據結果 29
5.2 敏感度分析 31
第六章 結論與未來研究方向 36
6.1 結論 36
6.2 未來研究方向 37
參考文獻 39
附錄一 本研究之需求函數特性 42

1. 李春成，「自有與外租兩倉庫存貨決策之研究」，國立交通大學，博士論文，民國88年。
2. 沈淑芬，「當需求受賣場陳列量影響時零售商與製造商之批量決策模式」，國立交通大學，博士論文，民國90年。
3. 邱繼業，「需求隨存貨水準變動之損耗性商品的存貨模式與折扣期間特別訂購量之研究」，國立成功大學，碩士論文，民國 88年。
4. 曾郁芳，「固定自有倉庫容量下倉租具數量折扣之經濟訂購批量模式」，私立東吳大學，碩士論文，民國91年。
5. 游俊彥，「需求率與存貨水準有關且考慮部分欠撥之退化性產品的生產存貨模型」，私立淡江大學，碩士論文，民國91年。
6. Baker, R.C., Urban, T.L., (1988), “A deterministic inventory system with an inventory-level-dependent demand rate.” The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 39, 923-931.
7. Bhunia, A.K., Maiti, M., (1998), “A two-warehouse inventory model for deteriorating items with a linear trend in demand and shortages.” The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 49, 287-292.
8. Chung, K.J., Chu, P., Lan, S.P., (2000), “A note on EOQ models for deteriorating items under stock dependent selling rate.” European Journal of Operational Research, 124, 550-559.
9. Datta, T.K., Pal, A.K., (1990), “A note on an inventory model with inventory-level dependent rate.” The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 41, 971-975.
10. Goswami, A., Chaudhuri, K.S., (1992), “An economic order quantity model for items with two levels of storage for a linear trend in demand.” The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 43, 157-167.
11. Gupta, R., Vrat, P., (1986), “Inventory models for stock-dependent consumption rate.” Opsearch, 23, 19-24.
12. Giri, B.C., Pal, S., Goswami, A., Chaudhuri, K.S., (1996), “An inventory model for deteriorating items with stock-dependent demand rate.” European Journal of Operational Research, 95, 604-610.
13. Hartley, V.R., (1976), Operations Research—A Managerial Emphasis. Good Year, Santa Monica, CA, pp. 315-317 (Chapter 12).
14. Levin, P.I., McLaughlin, C.P., Lamone, R.P., Kottas, J.F., (1972), Production/Operations Management: Contemporary Policy for Managing Operating Systems. McGraw-Hill, New York, p. 373.
15. Liao, H.C., Tsai, C.H., Su, C.T., (2000), “An inventory model with deteriorating items under inflation when a delay in payment is permissible.” International Journal of Production Economics, 63, 207-214.
16. Mandal, B.N., Phaujdar, S., (1989), “An inventory model for deteriorating items and stock-dependent consumption rate.” The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 40, 4383-4488.
17. Pakkala, T.P.M., Achary, K.K., (1992), “A deterministic inventory model for deteriorating items with two warehouses and finite replenishment rate.” European Journal of Operational Research,57, 71-76.
18. Padmanabhan, G., Vrat, P., (1995), “EOQ models for perishable items under stock dependent selling rate.” European Journal of Operational Research, 86, 281-292.
19. Sarma, K.V.S., (1987), “A deterministic order-level inventory model for deteriorating items with two storage facilities.” European Journal of Operational Research, 29, 70-72.
20. Silver, E.A., Peterson, R., (1985), Decision Systems for Inventory Management and Production Planning, 2nd Edition. Wiley, New York.
21. Urban, T.L., (1992), “An Inventory Model with an inventory-level-dependent demand rate and relaxed terminal conditions.” The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 43, 721-724.
22. Yang, H.L., (2004), “Two-warehouse inventory models for deteriorating items with shortages under inflation.” European Journal of Operational Research, 157, 344-356.
23. Zhou, Y.W., Yang, S.L., (2005), “A two-warehouse inventory model for items with stock-level-dependent demand rate.” International Journal of Production Economics, 95, 215-228.