臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

【背景】近年來隨著運動產業與全民體育的提升，運動傷害防護專業在台灣也有了長足的發展，更在許多體育競技活動中，扮演著重要的角色。由於這群專業醫療人員於工作職務中，往往工時過長，並需面對不斷變動的工作環境壓力，因而容易產生職業傷害。本研究之目的即為瞭解台灣運動傷害防護人員之職業傷害現況，包括傷害盛行率、部位、種類、及專業枯竭(burnout)的情形等。並檢視相關的危險因子，希望能夠保護與提升這個專業。【方法】本研究採用問卷調查法，問卷內容包括工作基本資料、傷害相關調查及馬斯勒專業枯竭量表等三個主要部分。【結果與討論】研究問卷寄出約221份，回收154份，8 份為無效問卷予以剔除（回收率為69.7%）。 台灣地區運動傷害防護人員之職業傷害盛行率約為49.3%。傷害部位以下背佔最多（42.0%），且多為過度使用（65.2%）、扭傷（26.1%）及肌腱或腱鞘炎（23.2%）等傷害種類。與傷害相關之活動以施行徒手操作治療（27.5%）為主。 在專業枯竭方面，約有36.3%有中至高程度專業枯竭情形。 其中，情緒耗竭構面(emotional exhaustion)為中程度、情感疏離構面(depersonalization)為低程度、個人成就感構面(personal accomplishment)為中程度。 整體而言，33.3%的受測者顯示有高程度之情緒耗竭，6.9%有高程度之情感疏離，27.8%有低程度之個人成就感。 在造成職業傷害的危險因子方面，主要相關因子為年齡、證照、婚姻狀況、工作時數、等。【結論】本研究提供目前台灣地區運動傷害防護人員分佈資料及職業傷害調查資料，可以提供主管機關政策擬定與學術界進一步探討時的參考，希望能有助於保護並提升此專業領域人員之職業效率與安全。
關鍵字：職業傷害、運動傷害防護人員、身體傷害、專業枯竭及馬斯勒專業枯竭量表。

Objective. It is well documented that health service professionals are vulnerable to occupational injuries. However, little information is available for the athletic trainers (ATs), especially those in Taiwan, not mentioning proper interventions, prevention, or protection. The purposes of this cross-sectional study were to investigate the followings: (1) the prevalence, region, and type of physical injuries, (2) degree of burnout, (3) activities that caused injury, and (4) related factors associated with these occupational injuries experienced by ATs. Method. A survey consisted of demographic and work-related information, physical injury, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was administered to all accessible ATs in Taiwan. Result. A total of 154 questionnaires were returned from the 221 mailed (response rate = 69.7%) with 8 considered as invalid afterward. About Fifty percent of the athletic trainers experienced at least one physical injury by the time of survey. The most frequently reported physical injuries was at the lower back (42.0%), followed by finger (40.6%) and shoulder (23.2%). The most frequently reported injury types was overuse (65.2%), followed by sprain (26.1%) and tendonitis/tenosynovitis (23.2%). The highest injury-related activity was “performing manual tasks” (27.5%). There were 36.3% athletic trainers with moderate to high degree of burnout. The overall MBI scores revealed moderate emotion exhaustion , low depersonalization , and moderate personal accomplishment. There were 33.3% high degree of emotional exhaustion, 6.9% degree of high depersonalization, and 27.8% low degree of personal accomplishment. Of the 26 factors surveyed, age, license, martial status, work hours per week etc. Conclusion. The findings suggest the need for reengineering of ATs’ work to prevent occupational injuries in ATs in Taiwan.
Key words: Occupational injuries, athletic trainers, physical injuries, burnout, & Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).

指導教授推薦書
口試委員會審定書
授權書…………………………………………………………… iii
誌謝……………………………………………………………… v
目錄……………………………………………………………… vi
表目錄…………………………………………………………… x
圖目錄…………………………………………………………… xii
中文摘要………………………………………………………… xiii
英文摘要………………………………………………………… xiv
第一章 簡介……………………………………………………… 1
1.1 背景………………………………………………………… 1
1.2 目的與問題………………………………………………… 4
1.3 重要性……………………………………………………… 5
第二章 文獻回顧………………………………………………… 6
2.1 職業傷害簡介……………………………………………… 6
2.1.1 身體層面傷害………………………………………… 6
2.1.1.1 肌肉骨骼傷害…………………………………… 6
2.1.1.2 專業醫療人員之身體傷害……………………… 7
2.1.2 心理層面之職業傷害………………………………… 14
2.1.2.1 專業枯竭………………………………………… 14
2.1.2.2 測量工具………………………………………… 15
2.1.2.3 專業醫療人員之專業枯竭……………………… 16
2.2 運動傷害防護人員………………………………………… 25
2.2.1 台灣地區運動傷害防護人員簡介…………………… 25
2.2.2 運動傷害防護人員之職業傷害……………………… 26
2.3 總結………………………………………………………… 28
第三章 研究方法………………………………………………… 35
3.1 研究對象…………………………………………………… 35
3.2 研究工具…………………………………………………… 36
3.2.1 專家內容效度………………………………………… 36
3.2.2 信度分析……………………………………………… 37
3.2.3 問卷之發放與回收…………………………………… 37
3.3 資料處理與分析…………………………………………… 38
第四章 研究結果………………………………………………… 48
4.1 問卷回收與樣本描述……………………………………… 48
4.1.1 個人基本資料………………………………………… 49
4.1.2 工作基本資料………………………………………… 50
4.2 身體傷害相關分析………………………………………… 52
4.2.1 傷害盛行率…………………………………………… 52
4.2.2 傷害部位……………………………………………… 53
4.2.3 傷害種類……………………………………………… 54
4.2.4 傷害資料調查分析…………………………………… 54
4.3 專業枯竭分析……………………………………………… 56
4.4 身體傷害與專業枯竭相關情形…………………………… 58
4.5 傷害因子分析……………………………………………… 59
4.5.1 個人基本資料………………………………………… 59
4.5.2 工作基本資料………………………………………… 60
4.6 總結………………………………………………………… 61
第五章 討論……………………………………………………… 77
5.1 身體傷害…………………………………………………… 77
5.1.1 傷害盛行率…………………………………………… 77
5.1.2 傷害部位……………………………………………… 78
5.1.3 傷害種類……………………………………………… 79
5.2 專業枯竭…………………………………………………… 80
5.2.1 專業枯竭盛行率及分佈程度………………………… 80
5.3 傷害因子探討……………………………………………… 82
5.3.1 身體傷害因子探討…………………………………… 82
5.3.2 專業枯竭傷害因子探討……………………………… 84
5.4 未來研究方向……………………………………………… 85
第六章 結論……………………………………………………… 86
參考文獻………………………………………………………… 88
附錄一「台灣運動傷害防護員之職業傷害調查」研究問卷… 99
附錄二 專家效度調查問卷……………………………………… 103
附錄三 專家效度名單…………………………………………… 110

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