臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來 RFID 在通訊排程方面提出了許多不同的演算法，而其中共同的問題在避免RFID訊號碰撞衝突與相互干擾。本篇論文根據質數特性的通訊排程機制 (Prime based First Come Higher Priority，FCHP)，提出一個高效率且容易時作的排程技術。目的在解決終端機隱匿所造成RFID讀取機之間的訊號碰撞問題。FCHP最主要的概念是在於協調讀取機之間同時讀取標籤(Tag)資訊的簡單機制。FCHP透過免競爭排程的方法明顯的改進與預防讀取機間的訊號碰撞問題。另一方面 FCHP 的優點能完全適用在固定與移動式RFID讀取機的使用環境。為了分析 FCHP 對碰撞問題的效能，我們除了將其實作外，也實作了 Colorwave與 Pulse演算法來做比較。實驗中證實了本篇論文提出的演算法在固定與移動式的 RFID 讀取機環境裡可提供優越的系統處理能力與效率。

The problem of scheduling transmissions of dynamic Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems has been recently studied. One of the common problems, reader collision avoidance has instigated researchers to propose different heuristic algorithms. In this thesis, we present a prime based First Come Higher Priority (FCHP) transmission scheduling method for reader collision problems that caused by hidden terminal. FCHP is a simple mechanism for coordinating simultaneous transmissions among multiple readers. A significant improvement of this approach is that FCHP prevents reader collisions by giving contention free scheduling. The second advantage of the proposed technique is that FCHP is adaptive in both static and dynamic RFID environments. To evaluate the performance of the proposed technique, we have implemented FCHP along with two other techniques. The simulation results show that the proposed technique provides superior performance in both static and dynamic instances. The FCHP is shown to be effective in terms of system throughput, system efficiency and easy to implement.

Chinese Abstract I
English Abstract II
Acknowledgements III
Table of Contents IV
List of Figures V
List of Tables V
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
Chapter 2. Related Work 4
Chapter 3. Hidden Terminal Problem 9
3.1 Reader to Reader Frequency Interference 10
3.2 Multiple Readers to Tag Interference 11
Chapter 4. Transmission Scheduling Algorithm 13
4.1 Motivating Example 14
4.2 Reader Join 16
4.3 Reader Leave 19
Chapter 5. Performance Evaluation and Simulation Results 22
5.1 Performance metrics 22
5.2 Comparison of static RFID systems 24
5.3 Comparison of dynamic RFID systems 27
Chapter 6. Conclusions and Future Research 30
References 32

1. Lichun Bao and J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, “Collision-free topology-dependent channel access scheduling,” Proceedings of the IEEE 21st Century Military Communications Conference (MILCOM), pp. 507-511, 2000.
2. Shailesh M. Birari, “Mitigating the Reader Collision Problem in RFID Networks with Mobile Readers”, Master thesis, Kanwal Rekhi School of Information Technology, 2005.
3. Wen-Tsuen Chen, Te-Wei Ho and Yen-Cheng Chen, “An MAC Protocol for Wireless Ad-hoc Networks Using Smart Antennas,” Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS'05), pp. 446 – 452, 2005.
4. Chris Diorio and HAG Co-Chair, “Class-1 Generation 2 UHF RFID,” www.autoid.org/sc31/2004/dec/SG3_200411_430_Gen2Update.pdf, Dec. 2004.
5. Daniel W. Engels and Sanjay E. Sarma, “The reader collision problem,” Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, pp. 6, 2002.
6. Junius Ho, Daniel W. Engels and Sanjay E. Sarma, “HiQ: A Hierarchical Q-Learning Algorithm to Solve the Reader Collision Problem,” Proceedings of the International Symposium on Applications and the Internet Workshops (SAINTW'06), pp. 88-91, 2006.
7. Nitin Jain, Samir R. Das and Asis Nasipuri, “A multichannel CSMA MAC protocol with receiver-based channel selection for multihop wireless networks,” Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, pp.432 – 439, 2001.
8. Joongheon Kim, Sunhyoung Kim, Dongshin Kim, Wonjun Lee and Eunkyo Kim, “Low-Energy Localized Clustering: An Adaptive Cluster Radius Configuration Scheme for Topology Control in Wireless Sensor Networks,” Proceedings of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC), pp. 2546-2550, 2005.
9. Jerzy Konorski, “Solvability of a Markovian Model of an IEEE 802.11 LAN under a Backoff Attack,” Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOYS'05), pp. 491–498, 2005.
10. Wen-Kuang Kuo and C.-C. Jay Kuo, “Enhanced backoff scheme in CSMA/CA for IEEE 802.11,” Proceedings of the 58th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, pp. 2809 – 2813, 2003.
11. S. Sandoval-Reyes and J. L. Soberanes Perez, “Mobile RFID Reader with Database Wireless Synchronization,” Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering, pp. 5 – 8, 2005.
12. Joao Luıs Sobrinho, Roland de Haan and Jose Manuel Brazio, “Why RTS-CTS is not your ideal wireless LAN multiple access protocol,” Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, pp. 81 - 87, 2005.
13. James Waldrop, Daniel W. Engels and Sanjay E. Sarma, “Colorwave: an anticollision algorithm for the reader collision problem,” Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 1206 - 1210, 2003.
14. Xin Wang and Koushik Kar, “Throughput modelling and fairness issues in CSMA/CA based ad-hoc networks,” Proceedings of the 24th Annual Joint Conference on IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM 2005), pp. 23 – 34, 2005.
15. Tiantong You, Hossam Hassanein and Chi-Hsiang Yeh, “PIDC - Towards an Ideal MAC Protocol for Multi-hop Wireless LANs,” Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Wireless Networks, Communications and Mobile Computing, pp. 655 – 660, 2005.
16. European Telecommunications Standards Institute, “ETSI EN 302 208-1 v1.1.1,” www.rfidc.com/pdfs_downloads/ETSI%20Standard%202.pdf, 2004.