臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中部科學工業園區於九十二年十二月開始開發，爲探討該園區開發所排放之空氣污染物，是否影響附近居民之健康，本研究於開發之初調查中部科學園區附近居民與學童呼吸道症狀及相關影響因素，及附近住家室內懸浮微粒濃度與相關影響因素，期能將此資料作為未來比對之依據。
首先利用ISC3模擬中科排放之空氣污染物可能影響範圍，選取該範圍內之社區居民及國小學童為研究對象。利用ATS胸部健康問卷改編之問卷調查呼吸道症狀及健康，內容包括：調查個人基本資料、個人健康行為及生活習慣、自覺症狀及既往病歷，以及居家環境調查。居民並接受肺功能檢測，記錄其用力呼氣肺活量（FVC）、用力一秒吐氣量（FEV1）。室內懸浮微粒採樣則以中科園區附近不同樓層之五住戶為研究對象，利用QCM cascade impactor及personal environmental monitor（PEM）進行二十四小時空氣中PM10和PM2.5採樣，並分析金屬成分。此外，收集台中市西屯空氣監測站戶外懸浮微粒濃度資料以比較室內、外微粒分佈，同時記錄居家室內活動型態。
研究結果顯示現階段影響中科附近居民肺功能生理值FVC之因素主要為年齡、性別、身高、社區別及家中是否有霉斑。呼吸系統症狀及疾病中以呼吸短促之盛行率最高為31.6%，氣喘盛行率4.7%最低；其他呼吸症狀及疾病則受個人吸菸習慣影響最為顯著。學童呼吸系統症狀及疾病分佈，僅有過去一年曾感冒、氣喘及過去半年就醫在兩地區有顯著性之差異，而居家環境除養寵物之外，其他室內環境皆有顯著之差異；呼吸症狀及疾病之影響因素以拜香之影響最大，其中對胸部不適與感冒症狀之影響最顯著（OR=4.7）。另外，中科附近住戶居家室內懸浮微粒二十四小時之變化，以家戶#1最為典型，其微粒濃度於早餐及晚餐烹飪時間皆有明顯之增加。附近住戶居家室內、外懸浮微粒之相關性方面，室內PM10及PM2.5與室外PM10及PM2.5均有顯著相關性（室內、外PM10之r =0.485，室內、外PM2.5之r =0.485）。中科附近住戶居家室內微粒之金屬分析結果中，鎳濃度皆低於偵測極限，以鋅濃度最高PM2.5中為57.4ng/m3，PM10中為58.8ng/m3。
目前研究所建立之中科附近居民與學童呼吸道症狀及疾病資料與住戶室內空氣懸浮微粒濃度分佈資料，應可作為中科台中園區營運前之參考背景資料。

Since Dec. 2003 Central Taiwan Science Park was formal initiated to develop and the impacts should be periodically assessed. The objective of this study is to evaluate the health status of residents in Central Taiwan Science Park and to measure the concentrations of indoor particulate matters (PM) and heavy metals in the air. ISC3 model was used to simulate to the levels of air pollutants and then to define the influence area. Residents and schoolchildren were interviewed using the respiratory questionnaire modified by American Thoracic Society (ATS), and demographic information, lifestyle, health status and environmental factors in their home were simultaneously collected. Five houses in the vicinity of Central Taiwan Science Park were purposely selected to measure levels of indoor PM10 and PM2.5 using Quartz crystal Microbalance (QCM) cascade impactor companied with ambient PM information obtained from an air-monitoring station in Taichung City of Taiwan Bureau of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Levels of metal were simultaneously measured and analyzed using ICP/MS. Related information of sampling houses including ventilation type, numbers of family people, type and time of cooking were recorded.

The results showed the forced vital capacity (FVC) in residents was significantly explained by the age, gender, height, different community and mold in house. 31.6% of prevalence rate in shortness of breathing was found the highest but the lowest in asthma was 4.7%. Respiratory symptoms and diseases were significantly associated with the cigarette smoking. In schoolchildren, the percentages of common cold in previous one year, asthma and medication during half year ago were significant difference between two areas. Besides the percentage of pet in house, environmental factors were found the significant difference between two areas. Respiratory symptoms and diseases in schoolchildren was significantly associated the incense in their house, odds ratio of thoracic symptoms and common cold was found to be 4.70. In House #1, the levels of PM were continuously monitored during 24-hours and showed the association with cooking in breakfast and dinner. Significantly correlations were respectively found the indoor and outdoor levels of PM2.5 and PM10. Besides the nickel in indoor air was non-detected, zinc in PM2.5 and PM10 were respectively the highest levels of 57.4ng/m3 and 58.8ng/m3.
Based on the related information of the respiratory symptoms and diseases among residents and backgrounds of PM and heavy metal in both indoor and outdoor air, it is necessary to periodically monitor the fluctuation of health status of residents and air pollutants emitted form the Central Taiwan Science Park.

第一章、緒論
第一節 研究背景及動機 1
第二節 研究目的 3

第二章、文獻探討
第一節 中部科學工業園區背景資料 4
第二節 住家室內、外懸浮微粒濃度 9
第三節 金屬微粒危害與分佈 19
第四節 健康影響評估 22

第三章、研究方法
第一節 研究設計 39
第二節 研究對象 41
第三節 研究工具的擬定及執行程序 45
第四節 資料統計與分析 57

第四章、研究結果
第一節 國小學童之呼吸系統症狀及疾病與相關因素調查 58
第二節 中科附近居民呼吸系統症狀及疾病與相關因素調查 62
第三節 中科附近住戶室內懸浮微粒調查 67

第五章、討論
第一節 樣本代表性 70
第二節 呼吸系統症狀及疾病資料的差異與可能影響因素 73
第三節 暴露評估 80
第四節 本研究之重要性 84
第五節 研究限制與未來研究方向 85

第六章、結論與建議
第一節 結論 87
第二節 建議 89

參考文獻 90

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