臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來我國涉槍案件仍有大量增加的趨勢，槍擊案件頻繁發生，在槍擊現埸中均可發現疑似射創或彈孔之痕跡，因此，就疑似彈孔或射創進行射擊殘跡鑑析，可確認此等疑似彈孔，並釐清案情，同時有助於研判射擊方向及距離，有時可排除部分涉嫌槍彈，對於偵查工作的進行有相當程度的助益。
本研究選用涉案頻率最高之手槍及子彈，分別於不同的射擊距離試射鋁板、汽車鋼板、未經表面塗裝之鋼板、含皮動物組織等常見之被射物材質，試射後參考各種被射物材質的終端彈道機制，選取靠近試射彈孔邊緣處之表面、彈孔周圍塗料脫落處、彈孔刮擦圈、彈孔擦傷圈及永久射創管進行射擊殘跡採樣，並在試射前進行背景採樣，上述樣品均採用掃瞄電子顯微/X-射線能譜分析法(Scanning Electron Microscopy / Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis, SEM/EDS) 觀察射擊殘跡微粒表面形態及分析元素組成，針對被射物表面射擊殘跡鑑識作一系列的研究。
本研究發現，在鋁板、未塗裝鋼板、汽車鋼板及含皮豬腹部肉等材質之試射前背景採樣，可測得相當數量的背景微粒，此等微粒並不含鉛、銻、鋇等射擊殘跡特性元素，雖不影響射擊殘跡之分析，惟仍造成蒐尋和分析的不便，可透過調整背向散射電子像的對比及亮度條件來排除背景干擾。此外，彈孔周圍採得之射擊殘跡，在射擊距離較近的樣品，其來源包括由高壓火藥燃氣直接攜帶至被射物表面之GSRI及由彈頭直接攜帶並撞擊時轉移至被射物表面之GSRⅡ，隨著射擊距離的增加，GSRI的密度逐漸減小，惟仍可發現GSRⅡ。而在彈孔刮擦圈表面及射創管內側採得的樣品，因其係彈頭侵徹被射物材質過程中直接轉移至被射物材質之射擊殘跡，故主要以GSRII為主，在本研究分析的樣品中，射擊距離達15公尺的樣品仍可發現相當數目的彈頭顆粒及底火顆粒。此外，在射擊汽車鋼板造成之彈孔周圍塗料脫落處所採集的樣品，亦可測得球形射擊殘跡微粒及不規則狀射擊殘跡微粒，故塗料的脫落對射擊殘跡的採樣及分析沒有明顯的影響。
以試射槍枝試射含皮豬腹部肉後採得之動物組織樣品，經以丙酮系列濃度脫水、臨界點乾燥法乾燥、鍍碳等前處理步驟後，可將動物檢體本身之水分去除，使便於在掃瞄電子顯微鏡/X-射線能譜分析儀之樣品室內觀察其表面形態並蒐尋分析其上之射擊殘跡微粒，惟其樣品之影像品質普遍比其他被射材質為差，亦較容易產生電子蓄積之情形，透過重覆鍍再另於底部不平整處及邊緣處塗以碳膠，提高樣品導電性後，在較大的倍率下調慢掃描速度以背向散射電子像觀察，仍可得到良好分析結果。
最後，根據研究結果對疑似槍擊孔洞之射擊殘跡採樣方法提出建議，供偵查與鑑定單位參考。

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