臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究採用蔓越莓汁及其三種區分物包括n-hexane、ethyl acetate (EA)和高極性(hi polar)區分物，進行酚類化合物之特性探討、抗氧化性、自由基清除活性及cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)表現之抑制等生物活性測定。結果顯示，蔓越莓汁之酚類化合物主要存在於EA區分物中，蔓越莓汁及其區分物皆具有抗氧化性、自由基清除活性以及抑制COX-2活性之功效，且隨劑量呈正相關，而以EA區分物的效果最佳。
本研究 in vitro試驗證實蔓越莓汁具有抗氧化性，因此以臨床試驗探討飲用蔓越莓汁後，人體之抗氧化性表現及其在血脂調整之貢獻 。本試驗採隨機、安慰劑對照之設計，共計40人參與。實驗組之受試者每天飲用含有27％之蔓越莓汁660mL，而對照組受試者則給予660mL不含蔓越莓汁成份，但特別調製與試驗組風味相似且含等量維生素C之飲料。本實驗共進行14週，試驗前後2週分別為穩定期與觀察期，試驗期為10週。結果顯示，兩組受試者之體重、體脂肪、身體質量指數在試驗前後並無顯著變化。在抗氧化性方面，飲用蔓越莓汁連續6週以上時，血漿之脂質過氧化程度（TBARS值）顯著（p<0.05）地低於對照組，同時血漿之總抗氧化性、血漿中維生素C、含硫官能基含量顯著高於穩定期，並達到統計意義。此外，連續飲用10週時，實驗組LDL之氧化延滯期顯著（p<0.05）高於對照組；由本研究可知，每天飲用27%蔓越莓汁660mL並且連續飲用10週，確實可有效增加人體之抗氧化能力並增加LDL之氧化耐受性，而主要之貢獻成分可能是蔓越莓汁中的酚類化合物。

This study was focused on the biological activities of cranberry juice and its various fractions, and also the effect on antioxidant activity and blood lipid regulation in human body. Three fractions of cranberry juice were used in this study, including n-hexane, ethyl acetate（EA）and high polarity fractions (continuous extraction by the order of n-hexane and EA ). Reducing activity, chelating efficiency on ferrous ion, scavenging activity on hydrogen peroxide, DPPH radical and superoxide anion, and also effect on COX-2 and viability on carcinoma cell were all determined by various fractions of cranberry juice. EA fraction was found the main contributor for biological activities of cranberry juice. To further evaluate the effect of cranberry juice on antioxidation and blood lipid regulation in human body. A randomized, placebo control study was designed. Forty subjects were included in this study. Two weeks of run-in period, 10 weeks of administration. Human study showed that 6 weeks of cranberry juice administration greatly increased the antioxidant status, including higher antioxidant capacity, lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) value, higher ascorbic acid and total thiol contents in blood than those of placebo. In addition, oxidative lag time of LDL was significantly increased from 50.67 to 60.67 (mins). In conclusion, cranberry juice showed great antioxidation, this was probably a prevention of cardiovascular disease. The main contribution was probably mainly from the phenolics of cranberry juice.

目錄
頁次
表次.......................................................I
圖次......................................................II
附錄......................................................IV
中文摘要..................................................V英文摘要................................................VII
壹、前言..................................................1
貳、文獻整理..............................................2
一、蔓越莓簡介..........................................2
二、蔓越莓的組成份......................................3
三、蔓越莓的功效........................................7
(一)預防泌尿道感染....................................7
(二)抗氧化性..........................................7
(三)癌症預防..........................................8
(四)其他功效..........................................8
四、 多酚類化合物.....................................8
(一) 酚類化合物的定義及分類...........................9
(二) 酚類化合物的生理活性............................17
(三) 酚類化合物與抗氧化..............................17
(四) 酚類化合物與抗發炎..............................18
五、 發炎反應..........................................19
(一) 巨噬細胞........................................20
(二) 脂多醣..........................................22
(三) 細胞激素........................................24
(四) 一氧化氮及誘導型一氧化氮合成酶..................24
(五) 前列腺素E2及第二型環氧化酶..................... 25
參、研究目的..............................................30
肆、實驗流程..............................................31
伍、材料與方法............................................32
一、 試驗材料............................................32
（一）蔓越莓汁.........................................32
（二）蔓越莓汁不同極性分離物製備.......................32
（三）人體試驗.........................................33
1. 基本資料收集....................................33
2. 血液樣品收集....................................33
二、試驗用藥...........................................35
三、試驗儀器...........................................41
四、試驗方法...........................................42
（一）蔓越莓酚類化合物含量分析.......................42
1. 總酚類化合物含量...............................42
2. 總類黃酮化合物含量.............................43
3. 前花青素含量測定...............................43
4. 高效能液相層析.................................43
（二）抗氧化性測定...................................44
1.抑制亞麻油酸自氧化能力測定......................44
2.總抗氧化能力測定................................45
3.還原力之測定....................................45
4.螯合亞鐵離子之能力測定..........................46
5.清除活性氧能力之測定............................46
a.過氧化氫之清除.................................46
b.DPPH自由基之清除.............................47
c.超氧陰離子之清除作用...........................47
（三）細胞培養........................................48
1.人類口腔癌細胞KB cell培養.......................48
a.PBS製備......................................48
b.DMEM培養液的製備...........................48
c.冷凍細胞活化..................................48
d.細胞培養......................................48
e.冷凍細胞活化..................................49
f.細胞計數......................................49
g.細胞存活試驗 ( MTT assay ) ....................49
2.第二型環氧化酶活性測定.........................50
a.細胞內蛋白質之萃取............................50
b.西方墨點法 ( Western blotting assay )...............51
（四）臨床試驗分析....................................52
1.LDL氧化延滯期之測定............................52
2.血漿中脂質過氧化物含量測定......................54
3.血漿中總抗氧化狀態測定..........................54
4.血漿中全部含硫官能基之測定......................55
5.血漿中維生素C濃度測定..........................55
（五）血清生化分析.....................................56
1.三酸甘油脂測定..................................56
2.總膽固醇測定....................................56
3.HDL-C測定......................................56
4.LDL-C測定......................................56
五、統計分析............................................57
陸、結果與討論............................................58
一、蔓越莓汁酚類化合物之分析............................58
二、抗氧化性............................................60
(一)抑制亞麻油酸自氧化之能力........................60
(二)總抗氧化能力 ( TEAC )測定......................62
(三)還原力..........................................64
(四)螯合亞鐵離子之能力..............................66
(五)清除活性氧能力..................................68
1.過氧化氫之清除能力..............................68
2.DPPH自由基之清除能力..........................70
3.超氧陰離子之清除能力............................72
三、抗發炎
(一)對人類口腔癌細胞( KB cell )存活率之影響...........74
(二)對人類口腔癌細胞中COX-2表現之影響...........76
四、臨床試驗分析........................................79
(一)受試者特性......................................79
(二)受試者血漿抗氧化性之影響........................79
1.總抗氧化能力....................................79
2.脂質過氧產物生成................................82
3.含硫官能基之含量................................82
4.血漿中維生素C含量..............................82
5.血漿中低密度脂蛋白氧化延滯期....................86
(三)受試者血清生化分析..............................88
柒、結論..................................................92
捌、參考文獻..............................................93
玖、附錄..................................................102

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