臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近幾年來損耗性產品之存貨模式逐漸受到重視，而指數分配經常被用來描述產品損耗特性。由於產品生命週期日益縮短和產品多元性的需求，也加速了新產品的研發速度來因應顧客需求與市場競爭。但過去並沒有太多的相關研究考慮將經濟生產批量模式結合隨機產品生產週期與金錢的時間價值來做探討，且考慮重製和瑕疵項目的保固策略與在保固期內失效品補償機制是必要的。
因此本論文主要的目的是著重在發展結合隨機產品生命週期與產品保固策略的經濟生產批量模式，同時考慮金錢的時間價值與通貨膨脹因素，並以指數分配作為隨機產品生命週期的機率分配，在模式中也加入了損耗性存貨的特性，而文中模式均以總成本現值最小化為目標函數，利用現金流量折現、一維搜尋法中的黃金分割搜尋法及電腦應用軟體，推導出最佳的生產週期及期望總成本，最後以數值範例及敏感度分析作為驗證。

In recent years, the problem of deteriorating inventory has received considerable attention. And exponential distribution is usually used to represent the distribution of deterioration. Due to the shortened product life cycle and the diversified product demand, new product development is vital to sustain customer demand and competitiveness. However, there are few current researches which take EPQ models incorporating a random product life cycle and the time-value of money into consideration. Moreover, it is necessary to consider rework and defective item as well as warranty policy which is a mechanism to compensate failures during the warranty period.

The purpose of this study is to develop a deteriorating EPQ model with a random product life cycle, free-repair warranty policy and it also considers the time-value of money effect or inflation. The product life cycle is considered to be exponentially distributed. The research developed an integrated model to minimize the present worth total cost. The Golden Section Search, a kind of One-Dimensional Search approach and a computer code are used to derive the optimal policies. Numerical examples including sensitivity analysis are presented to validate the results of the models.

目 錄

中文摘要………………………………………………........………………Ⅰ
英文摘要…………………………………………...…………….…………Ⅱ
誌謝……………………………………...……………………….…………Ⅲ
目錄…………………………...……………………………….……………Ⅳ
表目錄………………...………………………………………….…………Ⅵ
圖目錄…………...……………………………………………..…………...Ⅶ
第一章 緒論……..………………………………………….....…………1
1.1　研究背景與動機…………………………………………………1
1.2　研究目的與範圍…………………………………………………3
1.3　研究方法與步驟…………………………………………………3
1.4　論文章節概要與架構………………………….………………...4
第二章 文獻探討……………………………………………………….6
2.1 　存貨基本概念……………………………………………………6
2.1.1 存貨產生的原因與存貨形式…………..……..……….6
2.1.2 存貨問題的分類………………………………….……7
2.1.3 存貨成本…………………………………………...…..8
2.2　損耗性存貨之特性與種類………………….…………………..9
2.3　考慮通貨膨脹及時間價值下之存貨模式………………..…....11
2.4　考慮產品保固期下之存貨模式…………………………..…....11
2.5　考慮隨機產品生命週期之存貨模式…………………………..12
第三章　損耗性商品在考慮產品保固期下之存貨模式………...14
3.1　基本假設與符號說明…………………………………………..14
3.1.1　基本假設…………………………...…………………14
3.1.2　符號說明………………………………….…………16
3.2　模式推導………………………………………………………..17
3.3　數值範例………………………………………………………..22
3.4　敏感度分析……………………………………………………..27
3.5　本章結論………………………………………………………..32
第四章　損耗性商品在考慮產品保固期與隨機產品生命週期下
之存貨模式……………………...…………………………...33
4.1　基本假設與符號說明…………………………………………..33
4.1.1　基本假設……………………………...………………33
4.1.2　符號說明………………………...……………………34
4.2　模式推導………………………………………………………..36
4.2.1　情況一：kT ≦ L ≦ kT + tm……….……………….36
4.2.2　情況二：kT + tm ≦ L ≦ (k+1) T…………………..40
4.2.3　歸納情況一及情況二：kT ≦ L ≦ (k+1) T……..…43
4.3　產品生命週期為指數分配的機率模式………………………..47
4.3.1　模式推導…………………….………………………..47
4.4　假設研究時間為無限長且不考慮隨機產品生命週期………...51
4.5　數值範例................................................………………………..52
4.5.1　求解產品生命週期為指數分配之存貨模式……....52
4.5.2 求解不考慮產品生命週期為隨機機率分配及假設研究時間為無限長之存貨模式………….…….……....56
4.5.3　與張維哲(2005)之模式比較………………………....59
4.6　敏感度分析……………………………………………………..60
4.7　本章結論………………………………………………………..65
第五章　結論與未來發展…………………………………………..…67
5.1　結論……………………………………………………………67
5.2　未來發展………………………………………………………68
參考文獻………………………………………..………………………...69
作者簡介………………………………………..………………………...73









表目錄

表2-1　 存貨形式與存貨產生原因……………………………………...6
表 2-2 存貨問題的分類..…..…………….…………. …..……………....7
表 2-3　 存貨系統中的存貨成本….………………………..………….….9
表 2-4 本研究相關之文獻整理….………………………..……………13
表3-1　 運算符號說明表……………………………………………….16
表3-2　 存貨模式數值表……………………………………………….22
表3-3　 te範圍在[0,1]，誤差為0.001，te與總成本之變化……....….25
表3-4　 最佳生產週期與相對之成本………………………………….27
表3-5　 各參數數據之改變幅度.……………………………………….27
表3-6　 生產週期敏感度分析之變異表……………………………….28
表3-7　 總成本敏感度分析之變異表………………………………….30
表4-1　 運算符號說明表……………………………………………….35
表4-2　 產品生命週期為指數分配機率模式下之存貨模式數值…….52
表 4-3　 te範圍在[0,1]，誤差為0.001，te與期望總成本之變化……….55
表 4-4　 te範圍在[0,1]，誤差為0.001時te與期望總成本之變化…….57
表 4-5 比較產品生命週期為指數分配與不考慮產品生命週期之最佳
生產週期與相對之成本……………………………...……….58
表 4-6　 本研究與張維哲(2005)研究範圍之差異比較……….………...59
表 4-7　 本研究與張維哲(2005)之差異比較………………….………...59
表4-8　 各參數數據之改變幅度….....……………….………………….60
表 4-9　 生產週期敏感度分析之變異表…….....……….………….……61
表 4-10　期望總成本敏感度分析之變異表……..…....………………….63
表 4-11 考慮產品生命週期為指數分配、假設產品生命為無限長及與張
維哲(2005)之綜合比較……..………………………..…..…….66












圖目錄

圖1-1　論文研究架構……………………………………………………….5
圖3-1　單一週期存貨水準與時間關係圖……..…………………………18
圖3-2　黃金分割搜尋法的邏輯演算程序圖……..………………………24
圖3-3　總成本函數隨T改變的情形……….…..…………………………26
圖3-4　相關參數對生產週期的變異圖………..…………………………29
圖3-5　相關參數對總成本的變異圖……………..………………………31
圖4-1　情況一之損耗性產品存貨水準與時間…………………………..36
圖4-2　情況二損耗性產品存貨水準與時間關係圖……………………..40
圖4-3　黃金分割搜尋法的邏輯演算程序圖……..………………………54
圖4-4　相關參數對生產週期的變異圖………..…………………………62
圖4-5　相關參數對期望總成本的變異圖………..………………………64

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