臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究是以桃園縣某工業區內承受水體為對象，對底泥及周遭主要生長植物舖地黍（Panicum repens L.）之根、莖、葉、節進行重金屬含量分析，以了解此環境遭受污染之程度，並探討舖地黍（Panicum repens L.）是否可作為吸附體，具有吸附重金屬能力。河底污泥及沉積物中重金屬是以酸消化法及事業廢棄物毒物特性溶出程序進行萃取；對舖地黍則是以高溫碳化法進行重金屬萃取，之後利用火焰式原子吸收光譜法檢測樣品中銅、鋅、鎳、鉻、鉛、鎘、銀、錳、鐵等九種重金屬含量。檢測時所建立之檢量線須作週期性之查核，以確認標準溶液之穩定度在相對誤差值 ± 10%以內；而同日間和異日間分析之相對標準偏差結果低於10%。
本研究結果顯示：
（1）發現該區域底泥受重金屬銅、鋅、鉻、鉛等污染。
（2）舖地黍根部對重金屬銅、鎳、鉛吸收累積量之能力具顯著性；而植物地上部（莖、葉、節部位）對於重金屬鋅、鉻、錳、鐵吸收能力較根部具顯著性，但舖地黍對於銀之吸收能力卻不顯著。
（3）比較整株舖地黍中重金屬累積吸收量與底泥重金屬含量之相關性，發現舖地黍吸收重金屬鉻效果最佳，其次為銅。
本研究對植物吸附重金屬相關性及重金屬累積吸收量予以探討並說明舖地黍（Panicum repens L.）對富含重金屬銅、鉻之底泥可以說是一良好植物淨化體。藉此不僅可對河川復育技術之機制更清楚瞭解，以期對植物復育技術之處理機制提供參考，作為日後國內選擇底泥重金屬污染整治技術考量參考因素之一。

The goals of this research is to investigate the extent of heavy metal pollution in an industrial park located at Tao-yuan County, Taiwan, and to study the possibility of using a common plant, torpedograss (Panicum repens L.), for phytoremediation of heavy metal pollution in Taiwan. Samples of water and sediment of a small river were collected, as well as the roots, stems, and leaves of torpedograss, and analyzed for the contents of nine heavy metals. The extraction of heavy metals from river sediment was treated with acid digestion method and Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP). Water samples were filtered and analyzed directly. The various parts of torpedograss were carbonized under high temperature and treated with concentrated nitric acid to extract the heavy metal ions. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was utilized to measure the concentrations of copper, zinc, nickel, chromium, lead, cadmium, silver, manganese, and iron. Periodic validation of the calibration curve was performed to confirm the stability of the standard solution to be within ±10% of the actual value. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the interday and intraday analyses were all below 10%.
The research results showed that the river sediment was polluted with copper, zinc, chromium, and lead. The cumulative absorption abilities of the roots of torpedograss to copper, nickel, and lead were significant and the contents of zinc, chromium, manganese, and iron in the stems, leaves, and burl of torpedograss were more than those in roots. However, the absorption of silver by torpedograss was not significant. The relationship of the heavy metal contents between the torpedograss and the river sediment revealed that torpedograss had the best absorbency for chromium, and secondary for copper.
According to these preliminary results, we postulate that torpedograss may be a good candidate for treating soils and sediments that are polluted with chromium and copper.

中文摘要 Ⅰ
英文摘要 Ⅲ
謝誌 Ⅳ
目錄 Ⅴ
表目錄 Ⅶ
圖目錄 Ⅷ
第一章 前言 1
1-1 研究的緣起 1
1-2 研究目的 3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2-1重金屬污染的現況 4
2-2重金屬影響 5
2-3重金屬污染土壤整治復育技術簡介 6
2-4植物萃取技術之探討 9
2-5舖地黍 11
第三章 實驗 12
3-1 試劑 12
3-2 儀器 13
3-3原子吸收光譜儀 14
3-3-1原理 14
3-3-2操作步驟 16
3-4 標準品溶液之配製及檢量線製作 20
3-5檢量線確認 21
3-6採樣規劃 22
3-6-1研究概述 22
3-6-2工作摘要說明 22
3-7樣品的前處理 24
3-7-1舖地黍前處理 24
3-7-2底泥前處理 24
3-8品保品管 29
3-9方法偵測極限 30
3-9-1方法偵測極限定義 30
3-9-2方法偵測極限測定步驟 30
第四章 結果與討論 33
4-1檢量線確認 33
4-2精密度試驗 35
4-3方法偵測與定量極限 37
4-4樣品檢測結果 42
4-4-1探討重金屬銅吸附結果 49
4-4-2探討重金屬鋅吸附結果 52
4-4-3探討重金屬鎳吸附結果 55
4-4-4探討重金屬鉻吸附結果 58
4-4-5探討重金屬鉛吸附結果 61
4-4-6探討重金屬鎘吸附結果 64
4-4-7探討重金屬銀吸附結果 67
4-4-8探討重金屬錳吸附結果 70
4-4-9探討重金屬鐵吸附結果 73
第五章 結論 76
第六章 參考文獻 78
作者簡歷 83


表目錄
表一、九種重金屬相對誤差值(%)----------------------------------------------------------34
表二、同日及異日之相對標準偏差差異分析--------------------------------------------36
表三、九種重金屬之方法偵測與定量極限------------------------------------------------41
表四、水質重金屬（mg/L）------------------------------------------------------------------44
表五、TCLP 試驗重金屬（mg/Kg）----------------------------------------------------------45
表六、底泥總量重金屬（mg/ Kg）------------------------------------------------------------46
表七、舖地黍乾基重金屬濃度（μg/g）----------------------------------------------------47


圖目錄
圖一、舖地黍------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
圖二、實驗工作流程圖-----------------------------------------------------------------------22
圖三、(a)Cu(b)Zn(c) Ni 重金屬檢量線------------------------------------------------------38
圖四、(d)Cr(e)Pb(f)Cd 重金屬檢量線------------------------------------------------------39
圖五、(g) Ag(h)Mn(i)Fe 重金屬檢量線-----------------------------------------------------40
圖六、重金屬銅分析比較圖(a)針對三種不同基質比較圖(b)植物背景值(c)植物污
染值(d)水質-植物比較(e)TCLP-植物比較(f)污泥總量-植物比較相關圖--50
圖七、重金屬鋅分析比較圖(a)針對三種不同基質比較圖(b)植物背景值(c)植物污
染值(d)水質-植物比較(e)TCLP-植物比較(f)污泥總量-植物比較相關圖--53
圖八、重金屬鎳分析比較圖(a)針對三種不同基質比較圖(b)植物背景值(c)植物污
染值(d)水質-植物比較(e)TCLP-植物比較(f)污泥總量-植物比較相關圖--56
圖九、重金屬鉻分析比較圖(a)針對三種不同基質比較圖(b)植物背景值(c)植物污
染值(d)水質-植物比較(e)TCLP-植物比較(f)污泥總量-植物比較相關圖--59
圖十、重金屬鉛分析比較圖(a)針對三種不同基質比較圖(b)植物背景值(c)植物污
染值(d)水質-植物比較(e)TCLP-植物比較(f)污泥總量-植物比較相關圖--62
圖十一、重金屬鎘分析比較圖(a)針對三種不同基質比較圖(b)植物背景值(c)植物
污染值(d)水質-植物比較(e)TCLP-植物比較(f)污泥總量-植物比較相關圖
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------65
圖十二、重金屬銀分析比較圖(a)針對三種不同基質比較圖(b)植物背景值(c)植物
污染值(d)水質-植物比較(e)TCLP-植物比較(f)污泥總量-植物比較相關圖
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------68
圖十三、重金屬錳分析比較圖(a)針對三種不同基質比較圖(b)植物背景值(c)植物
污染值(d)水質-植物比較(e)TCLP-植物比較(f)污泥總量-植物比較相關圖
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------71
圖十四、重金屬鐵分析比較圖(a)針對三種不同基質比較圖(b)植物背景值(c)植物
污染值(d)水質-植物比較(e)TCLP-植物比較(f)污泥總量-植物比較相關圖
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------74

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