跳到主要內容

臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

(18.97.14.84) 您好!臺灣時間:2024/12/09 18:10
字體大小: 字級放大   字級縮小   預設字形  
回查詢結果 :::

詳目顯示

: 
twitterline
研究生:謝禎宏
研究生(外文):Chen-Hung Hsieh
論文名稱:「問題本位學習」教學模式對國小三年級學生科學概念與小組溝通之影響
論文名稱(外文):The Impact of Problem-Based Learning Teaching Model on Third Graders’ Science Concept Learning and Group Communication Processes.
指導教授:楊坤原楊坤原引用關係
指導教授(外文):Kun-Yuan Yang
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:中原大學
系所名稱:教育研究所
學門:教育學門
學類:綜合教育學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2006
畢業學年度:94
語文別:中文
論文頁數:171
中文關鍵詞:問題本位學習合作學習概念構圖教學模式國小
外文關鍵詞:Elementary SchoolProblem-Based LearningConcept MapTeaching ModelCooperative Learning
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:29
  • 點閱點閱:360
  • 評分評分:
  • 下載下載:0
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:14
本研究目的是設計國小三年級學童適用之「問題本位學習」教學模式,並修改自然與生活科技領域教材內容。並根據探討的問題,應用自由軟體套件與適合的硬體,建置「電腦輔助問題本位學習系統」(Computer-Assisted Problem-Based Learning System, CAPBLS),以探討此教學模式下學童的概念學習、合作學習歷程與學童經過CAPBLS教學模式後的滿意度調查。並由研究結果提出建議,做為其他教育人員之參考。
研究以學期平均分數為依據,使用S型分組分為5個異質小組。採準實驗研究和內容分析法,以量化兼質性進行研究。量化研究以概念構圖評分為工具,實施前後測以獲得實驗資料,進以共變數分析而得。質性部分以觀察、問卷及半結構式晤談進行資料蒐集。以水資源為學習內容,利用CAPBLS蒐集資料,續以「合作學習評分指標」對聊天室對話記錄做分析,以探討合作學習歷程與成效。實驗教學後,資料分析取二組為結果呈現,以Gpa與Gpd表示。
本研究結論如下:
一、實驗組學童的概念學習於後測結束後以共變數分析為顯著差異,以Cohen效果量定義呈現中至大的效果(f=0.39),顯示實驗組學童在進行CAPBLS教學模式有助於概念學習。
二、Gpa為協商式學習類型,學童更替當領導者,領導者主動提供知識與經驗並和他人討論,合作行為類型傾向於能為自己的看法或意見與他人辯論,以及舉證說明的編碼類型,而參與討論的人數漸次增多。
三、Gpd屬於依賴式學習類型,由特定學童肩負起整個小組的討論過程,分工與報告等由組長分派。小組合作行為的類型傾向於能為自己的看法或意見與他人辯論,以及舉證說明編碼類型,不同Gpa組的地方是小組成員達到共識比較多。
四、Gpa合作學習分數為先升後降的趨勢,合作學習分數為三分,因為討論人次減少。而Gpd參與人次逐漸上升,小組合作學習分數逐漸增加,Gpd為三至四分。因此參與小組討論的人數越多,越多人互動將導致合作學習行為次數升高,而影響小組學習成效。
五、實驗組學童的合作學習歷程從討論型態的轉變與編碼數量逐漸升高,顯示CAPBLS教學模式有助於小組合作學習成效。
六、在滿意度分析上,對於水資源課程和CAPBLS的系統使用滿意度都是正向的評價。
The main goal of current study is to design a Problem-Based Learning teaching model that is appropriate to third graders. It also modifies the instructional content of the selected edition of the Nature Science and Living Technology to fit both curricular objectives and related factors of teaching model proposed in the present study. Based on the teaching model and research questions, we adopted the open source free software packages and optimal hardware equipment to set up a “Computer-Assisted Problem-Based Learning System (CAPBLS),” to investigate the process of Conceptual Learning, team cooperation and users' satisfaction on the third-graders taught by employing Problem-Based Learning teaching Model. After summarizing the research results, we then provide suggestions and improving guidance to other educators for reference.
To reach the goals aforementioned, this study was conducted in some elementary school. Third-graders were used as research objects and divided as five groups by S-type grouping method based on their average grades. This study employed unequal group quasi-experimental design and content analysis method, mainly quantitatively, secondly qualitatively. Quantitatively, we used conceptual mapping grading method to acquire the pre-test and post-test score and conducted the “Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA)” to analyze data. Qualitatively, we collected data by observation, questionnaires, and semi-structural interviews.
During the learning period, the topic of problem-based learning model was Water-Resource that had been incorporated with CAPBLES as Computer-Assisted Problem-Based Learning Model. We collected data from students on computer platforms. Finally, we analyzed students' discourses happened in chatrooms by cooperative learning grading rubric to further investigate the processes and effects of cooperative learning within group activities. The instructing period lasted two months. We took two groups to analyze and demonstrate the experimental effect, represented as Gpa and Gpd.
The conclusions of this study are listed as the followings:
1. After post-test, ANCOVA on conceptual learning of the experiment group shows different significantly; the Cohen's effect size is medium to large (f=0.39). This shows that teaching model of CAPBLS is helpful in conceptual learning for the students in experiment group.
2. Gpa can be regarded as a peer-tutor learning style. They take turns to be the leader who would like to provide abundant knowledge and experience and discuss with others. Small group cooperative learning tends to be able to argue with others for their own view points and opinions as well as to provide evidence to explain the encoding types. The amount of persons participating in discussion increases gradually.
3. Gpd can be regarded as a dependent learning style because one specific student takes the lead in discussing, organizing and assignment. Small group cooperative learning tends to be able to argue with others for their own view points and opinions as well as to provide evidence to explain the encoding types. The difference from Gpa is that they reach the consensus on more aspects.
4. Gpa's score in small group cooperative learning increases firstly and then decreases in later discussion sessions because of the lack of discussion. On the contrary, the amount of persons in Gpd increases; therefore, cooperative learning behaviors increase and then influence on small group learning effect. Gpa gets the score of 3 in small group cooperative learning; its group size is bigger than 3 persons. Gpd gets the score of 3 to 4, higher than Gpa's; the reason behind this is having less argument. Gpd's score in small group cooperative learning is gradually increasing, indicating that interactions within group can enhance small group cooperative learning.
5. In experimental group, both discussion pattern and encoding amount increase in cooperative learning processes, indicating that CAPBLS teaching model can enhance the cooperative learning effect.
6. In satisfaction analysis, it is positive for the evaluation on using both Water-Resource course and CAPBLS.
目 次
第一章 緒論....................................................................................................1
第一節 研究背景與動機................................................................................1
第二節 研究目的............................................................................................4
第三節 名詞釋義............................................................................................5
第四節 研究限制............................................................................................6
第二章 文獻探討............................................................................................7
第一節 問題本位學習之起源........................................................................7
第二節 問題本位學習之理論基礎與特徵....................................................7
第三節 問題本位學習之教學模式與實施流程..........................................21
第四節 問題本位學習之教材設計..............................................................26
第五節 國內外實行問題本位學習之教學成效..........................................27
第六節 概念圖與概念構圖評量..................................................................29
第七節 網路學習以及網路上的PBL模式...................................................37
第八節 水的迷思概念研究..........................................................................45
第三章 研究方法與步驟..............................................................................48
第一節 研究對象..........................................................................................48
第二節 研究工具..........................................................................................48
第三節 研究設計..........................................................................................53
第四節 研究流程..........................................................................................65
第五節 資料分析..........................................................................................68
第四章 結果與討論......................................................................................71
第一節 控制組與實驗組學童於教學後的科學概念學習成效..................71
第二節 實驗組學童合作學習歷程的分析..................................................74
第三節 學童經由CAPBLS的學習模式使用滿意度分析...........................113
第五章 結論與建議.....................................................................................125
第一節 結論.................................................................................................125
第二節 建議.................................................................................................129
參考文獻......................................................................................................133
附錄
附錄一 學習自評表......................................................................................149
附錄二 小組成員互評表..............................................................................150
附錄三 課程意見調查表..............................................................................152
附錄四 半結構式晤談單..............................................................................154
附錄五 CAPBLS系統平台使用意見調查表................................................155
附錄六 合作學習評分指標..........................................................................157
附錄七 Moodle的簡介...................................................................................158


表 次

表2-1 PBL實施過程結構表.............................................................................25
表2-2 Novak 和 Gowin及 Markham, Mintzes 和 Jones 的評分準則..................36
表3-1 PBL教學模式特徵與CAPBLS模組對應列表.......................................62
表4-1二組學童在水資源概念圖得分組內回歸係數同質性檢定.................72
表4-2二組學童在水資源概念圖前後測得分之敘述統計.............................72
表4-3二組學生在水資源概念圖得分共變數分析.........................................73
表4-4 Gpa組的PBL解題過程結構表(第一次).................................................75
表4-5 Gpa組的PBL解題過程結構表(第二次).................................................76
表4-6 Gpa組第一次聊天室合作學習互動歷程..............................................77
表4-7 Gpa組第二次聊天室合作學習互動歷程..............................................79
表4-8 Gpa組第三次聊天室合作學習互動歷程..............................................83
表4-9 Gpa組第四次聊天室合作學習互動歷程..............................................87
表4-10 Gpa組第五次聊天室合作學習互動歷程............................................90
表4-11 Gpd組的PBL解題過程結構表(第一次)...............................................93
表4-12 Gpd組的PBL解題過程結構表(第二次)...............................................94
表4-13 Gpd組第一次聊天室合作學習互動歷程............................................95
表4-14 Gpd組第二次聊天室合作學習互動歷程............................................97
表4-15 Gpd組第三次聊天室合作學習互動歷程............................................99
表4-16 Gpd組第四次聊天室合作學習互動歷程...........................................104
表4-17 Gpd組第五次聊天室合作學習互動歷程...........................................106
表4-18課程意見調查表的填答內容...............................................................113
表4-19課程實施滿意度調查問卷各題頻率百分比統計表...........................116
表4-20課程意見調查表題目內容與填答平均等級.......................................119
表4-21 CAPBLS使用意見調查表的填答內容................................................119
表4-22 CAPBLS系統滿意度調查問卷各題頻率百分比統計表....................121
表4-23 CAPBLS使用者滿意度調查題目內容與填答平均等級....................123


圖 次

圖3-1 專家概念圖................................................................................................50
圖3-2 學生概念圖................................................................................................51
圖3-3 CAPBLS教學流程圖...................................................................................54
圖3-4 聊天室進入畫面以及小組成員.................................................................55
圖3-5聊天室即時交談畫面...................................................................................56
圖3-6 PBL實施過程結構表下載畫面...................................................................56
圖3-7線上自評、小組成員互評、課程意見調查及CAPBLS滿意度調查表.....57
圖3-8網站畫面-問題呈現 (颱風、土石流新聞以及網路資源)...........................59
圖3-9 CAPBLS (Moodle) 系統畫面.........................................................................62
圖3-10學生以Inspiration繪製概念圖......................................................................64
圖3-11研究流程圖..................................................................................................67
圖4-1非同步討論區貼文_Gpa小組成果報告分配表............................................86
圖4-2 Gpa小組同步討論區(聊天室)編碼小計結果..............................................92
圖4-3非同步討論區貼文_Gpd小組成果報告分配表..........................................104
圖4-4 Gpd小組同步討論區(聊天室)編碼小計結果.............................................109
圖4-5 「課程意見調查表」所在位置..................................................................116
圖4-6 CAPBLS統計出平均等級(Average Rank)落點報表示意............................118
圖4-7系統自動統計出平均等級(Average rank)的落點輸出畫面.........................122
參考文獻
一、中文部分
方吉正(1998)。情境學習理論之主要觀點剖析。教育資料文摘,42(4),185-192。
王千倖(1999)。「合作學習」和「問題導向學習」-培養教師及學生的科學創造力。教育資料與研究,28,31-39。
王俊乃(2001)。高雄市高一學生物質物性之相關概念的認知模式、層次與頻率分佈。國立高雄師範大學物理學系碩士論文,未出版,高雄。
朱則剛(1994)。建構主義知識論與情境認知對教育科技的意義。視聽教育,35(4),1-15。
江憲坤、林志豪(1999)。群體合作學習機制在Web教學環境上之探討。大葉學報,8(2),63-79。
行政院教育改革審議委員會(1996)。教育改革總諮議報告書。台北:行政院教育改革委員會。
李秀娟、張永達與黃達三(1998)。概念圖應用於國中生物教材之分析與評論─以神經系統為例。科學教育月刊,213,14-26。
李金泉(2001)。非同步式網路輔助教學之研究-以技職校院工業安全課程為例。國立彰化師範大學工業教育所博士論文,未出版,彰化。
李忠謀、吳正己、林美娟(1998)。資訊教育軟體與教材資源中心之建置。資訊與教育,68,21-28。
李建億、洪式合(2001)。網際網路學習歷程追蹤與對學習成效影響之研究。台南師院學報,35,35-56。
李建儒(2000)。全球資訊網之電腦輔助學習系統之研究。國立台灣師範大學工業教育學
系碩士論文,未出版,台北。
宋曜廷(2000)。先前知識、文章結構和多媒體呈現對文章學習的影響。台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學習博士論文,未出版,台北。
邱貴發(1994)。電腦輔助學習的理念與發展方向。教學科技與媒體,20,15-22。
邱貴發(1996)。情境學習理念與電腦輔助學習─學習理念探討。台北:師大書苑。
余民寧(1997)。有意義的學習─概念構圖之研究。台北:商鼎文化出版。
余民寧、陳嘉成(1996)。概念構圖:另一種評量方法。政大學報,73,161-200。
吳志恆(1999)。國小學童電腦焦慮之相關因素研究。國立花蓮師範學院國小科學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,花蓮。
吳祥明(1999)。網路教師進修效果與時間相關之研究。國立台南師範學院資訊教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台南。
吳齊殷譯 (1999) 。量表的發展:理論與應用。台北:國立編譯館。(原作Devellis, F. R., 1991)
周天賜譯(2003)。問題引導學習PBL。台北:心理出版社。
周崇儒(2000)。談建構主義的教學。研習資訊,17(3),43-49。
林建仲、鄭宗文(2001)。合作式學習與問題解決─培養以問題解決為中心的網路合作學
習。資訊與教育,85,55-62。
林敏慧、陳慶帆(2004)。快速建構網路教學平台的新方案Moodle。 教育研究月刊,126,85-98。
林清山(1997)。有效的學習方法:主題輔導工作坊研習手冊。臺北:教育部出版。
林錦泓、楊錦潭(2001)。遠距教學中以元件式建構聊天室之設計與實作。生活科技教育
,34(3),24-34。
林麗娟(2002)。「問題導向學習」在網路資源式學習之應用。教學科技與媒體,60,42-53。
林麗娟(2004,11月)。以線上互動支援「問題導向學習」。論文發表於國立交通大學教育研究所「ELTA2004網路學習理論與應用」學術研討會,新竹。
林寶山(1995)。教學論:理論與方法。台北:五南。
林寶山譯(1995)。民主主義與教育(Democracy and education)。台北:五南圖書出版有限公司。(原作Dewey, J., 1966)
林顯輝(1993)。國小兒童水循環概念之研究。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告(報告編號:NSC-81-0111-S-153-02),未出版。
計惠卿、張杏妃(2001)。全方位的學習策略─問題導向學習的教學設計模式。教學科技與媒體,55,58-71。
洪式合(2000)。網際網路學習歷程追蹤系統之設計與研究。國立台南師範學院資訊教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台南。
洪明洲(1999)。網路教學。台北:華彩軟體。
洪榮昭(1992)。電腦輔助教學之設計原理與應用,台北,師大書苑。
洪榮昭、劉明洲(1997)。電腦輔助教學之設計原理與應用。台北:師大書苑。
施 惠(1996)。自然科學探究教學法。載於黃政傑(主編),數理科教學法 (79-106頁) 。台北:師大書苑。
高廣孚(1976)。杜威教育思想。台北:水牛出版社。
徐崇城(2005)。「問題本位學習」教學模式對國二學生問題解決能力與合作學習之影響。中原大學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園。
許瑛玿、吳慧珍(2002)。網路合作學習與科學過程技能的學習。科學教育月刊,254,16-27。
莊麗嬌(2002)。應用問題中心教學與合作學習理論於高職數學教室之行動研究。國立彰化師範大學數理教學研究所博士論文,未出版,彰化。
游光昭、蔡福興(2001)。網路化問題導向式學習環境之設計。生活科技教育,34(12),18-23。
葛玟菁(2002)。應用粒子模型之模擬教具探討國中學生物質狀態概念之學習成效。國立臺灣師範大學化學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北。
張新仁(1990)。從資訊處理談有效的學習策略。教育學刊,9,47-66。
張新仁(2003)。學習與教學新趨勢。台北:心理出版社。
張民杰(2001)。統整課程與創新教學的有效方案:問題基礎學習在中小學之應用。九年一貫課程改革下教學創新研討會論文集,235-249。國立高雄師範大學,高雄。
張民杰(2003)。超學科統整模式之一-問題導向學習在國中九年一貫課程的設計與實施。新竹師院學報,17,389-424。
張敬宜(1997)。國小高年級學童蒸發、凝結與沸騰概念之研究。科學教育學刊,5(3),321-346。
張俊彥、陳盈霖(2000)。不同電腦輔助教學(CAI)模式對高中學生「恆星演化」學習成就及其態度之影響,師大學報,46(1,2),43-64。
張靜嚳(1995)。何謂建構主義?建構與教學,3。上網日期:2004年11月9日。網址:http://www.bio.ncue.edu.tw/c&t/issue1-8/v3-1.htm
張儷齡(2001)。網際空間國中數學多媒體教材內容內容與呈現之研究。大業大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,彰化。
曾志華(1995)。淺談社會建構論在數學教育上的應用。教師之友,36(5),45-49。
郭文金(1999)。國小五年級學生運用電腦軟體GSP學習比例問題成效之研究。國立高雄師範大學數學研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄。
郭重吉(1996)。從建構主義談數理師資培育的革新。科學發展月刊,24(7),555-562。
陳品華(1997)。從認知觀點談情境學習與教學。教育資料與研究,15,53-59。
陳世雄(1992)。利用示範實驗群測法探究國中學生物質變化概念與重量守恆推理。國立臺灣師範大學化學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北。
陳淑芬、張國恩(1997)。概念構圖式學習系統。國立台灣師範大學資訊教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北。
陳佩正譯(2002)。成為更好的老師(Becoming a better teacher)。台北:遠流。(原作Martin-Kniep, G. O., 2000)
陳慧娟(1998)。情境學習理論的理想與現實。教育資料與研究,25,47-55。
陳嘉成(1998)。合作學習式概念構圖在國小自然科教學之成效研究。教育與心理研究,21,107-128。
陳銘偉(2004)。「問題本位學習」教學模式對高職學生之合作學習與批判思考歷程與成效的影響。中原大學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園。
陳毓凱(2005)。「問題本位學習」教學模式對國中二年級學生自我導向科學學習傾向與科學學習動機之影響。中原大學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園。
陳麗如(2002)。合作學習實施成效之探究。教育社會學通訊,38,20-27。
教育部(1998)。國民教育階段九年一貫課程綱要。台北:教育部。
教育部(2000)。國民中小學九年一貫課程暫行綱要。台北:教育部。
教育部(2001)。中小學資訊教育總藍圖初稿。台北:教育部。上網日期:2004年11月3日。網址:http://www.edu.tw/EDU_WEB/EDU_MGT/MOECC/EDU7892001/information/itpo/itprojects/itmasterplan.htm
教育部(2003)。科學教育白皮書。台北:教育部。
黃台珠(1984)。概念的研究及其意義。科學教育月刊,66,44-55。
黃台珠(1998)。概念圖:看重有意義學習的工具—科學教育的理念及趨勢。論文發表於國立台灣大學教務處教育學程中心主辦之「國民中學學生概念學習」學術研討會,台中。
黃台珠、熊召弟、王美芬、佘曉清、段曉林和熊同鑫譯(2002)。促進理解之科學教學。台北:心理出版社。
黃政傑、林佩璇(1996)。合作學習。台北:五南圖書出版公司。
黃美華(2003)。自我導向科學學習傾向量表之發展。國立高雄師範大學科學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄。
黃淑玲(2000)。網際網路合作學習環境中學習互動形態與認知風格對學習效果之影響-以二次函數之教學為例。國立政治大學教育研究所博士論文,未出版,台北。
黃琡惠(2002)。問題本位學習的課程設計評析。國民教育研究學報,8,53-73。
楊榮祥(1995)。建構論STS和實際教學–西澳的實驗學校。科學教育月刊,176,4-17。
賈馥茗譯,杜威(John Dewey)著,(1992)。我們如何思維。台北:五南。
董家莒、張俊彥、蕭建華、戴明國(2001)。多媒體電腦輔助學習歷程對學生地球科學學習成就之影響,師大學報,46(1,2),43-64。
廖桂菁(2001)。情境式網路學習環境對科學學習之影響。國立台灣師範大學地球科學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北。
鄭晉昌(1993)。自「情境學習」的認知觀點探討電腦輔助教學中教材內容的設計—從幾個學科教學系統談起。教學科技與媒體,12,3-14。
劉進幅(2003)。杜威哲學思想在國中教育上的啟示。上網日期:2004年4月21日。網址:http://www.knsh.com.tw/edupaper/paper30.asp
賴篁川(1994)。年長孩童的水循環概念和物質組成模式。國立台灣師範大學地球科學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北。
寰宇學校計劃(2001)。科學教育理論文章。上網日期:2004年12月6日。網址:http://www.ied.edu.hk/cric/saw/resources/article/text24.htm
謝真華(1999)。概念構圖教學對國小四年級學童在自然科學習成效之研究。國立台南師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台南。
藍瑋煥(2002)。國一生在網路環境學習「水」的統整課程之研究。國立臺灣師範大學科學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北。
鍾瑞珍(2001)。國中生物教師教學表徵與學生學習之關係。國立高雄師範大學科學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄。
魏麗敏(1995)。後設認知學習理論與策略。學習者輔導通訊,38,66-75。
顏嘉億(2000)。「合作學習」教學之經驗分享。國教天地,138,27-32。
簡美容(2001)。國小學童對溶解相關概念認知之研究。國立台北師範學院數理教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北。
蕭宜綾(2002)。問題導向學習取向之諮商倫理網路教學研究。國立彰化師範大學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,彰化。
二、外文部分
Abdulla, A. M., Watkins, L. O., Henke, J. S., Weitz, F. I., & Frank, M. J. (1983). Classroom use of personal computers in medical education: A practical approach. Medical Education, 17(4), 229-232.
American Association for the Advancement of Science. (1989). Project 2061: Science for all Americans. Washington, DC: AAAS Press.
Arambula-Greenfield, T. (1996). Implementing problem-based learning in a college science class. Journal of College Science Teaching, 26(1), 26-30.
Aspy, D. N., Aspy, C. B., & Quinby, P. M. (1993). What Doctors Can Teach Teachers About Problem-Based learning. Educational Leadership, 58(7), 22-24.
Ausubel, D. (1963). The psychology of meaningful verbal learning. New York: Grune and Stratton.
Bar, V. & Travis, A. S. (1991). Children’s views concerning phase changes. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 28(4), 363-382.
Barrows, H. S. (1985). How to design a problem-based curriculum for the preclinical years. New York: Springer.
Barrows, H. S. (1996). Problem-based learning in medicine and beyond: A brief overview. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 68, 3-11.
Barrows, H. S., & Tamblyn, R. M. (1980). Problem-based learning: An approach to medical education. New York: Springer.
Beebe, R. J. (1994). Problem based learning using student consultant teams. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 372 671).
Bennett, E. B. (1999). Internet Technologies and Learning Outcomes in Post Secondary Settings. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
Bereiter, C. (1994). Implications of postmodernism for science, or, science as progressive discourse. Educational Psychologist, 29(1), 3-12.
Beyer, B. K. (1988). Developing a thinking skills program. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc.
Bjorck, U. (2002). Distributed problem-based learning in social economy: Key issues in students’ mastery of a structured method for education. Distance Education, 23(1), 85-103.
Brazee, E. N., & Capelluti, J. (1995). Dissolving boundaries: Toward an integrative curriculum. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 397 982).
Brown, A. L. (1987). Metacognition, executive control, self-regulation, and other more mysterious mechanisms. In F. E. Weinert & R. H. Kluwe (Eds.), Metacognition, motivation, and understanding (pp. 65-116). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Brown, J. S., Collins, A., & Duguid, P. (1989). Situated cognition and the culture of learning. Educational Researcher, 18(1), 32-41.
Brown, A. L., & Palincsar, A. S. (1989). Guided cooperative learning and individual knowledge acquisition. In L. B. Resnick (Ed.), Knowing, learning, and instruction: Essay in honor of Robert Glaser (pp. 395-451). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawremce Erlbaum Associates.
Bruner, J.S. (1960). The Process of Education. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, Mass.
Carroll, J. B. (1963). A Model of School Learning. Teachers College Record, 64, 723-733.
Chang, C. Y. (2001). Comparing the impacts of a problem-based computer-assisted
instruction and the direct-interactive teaching method on student science achievement. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 10(2), 147-153.
Clark, J. M. & Paivio, A. (1991). Dual coding theory and education. Educational Psychology Review, 3(3), 149-170.
Clark, R. L. (1982, March).Instructional Methods: Operational definitions and criterial attributes. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York.
Cobern, W. W. (1993, April). Scientific literacy and culture studies project: Working paper NO. 106. Paper presented at the 1993 Annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, Atlanta, G A.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral science. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Collins, A. (1994). Goal-based scenarios and the problem of situated learning: A commentary on Andersen conculting’s design of goal-based scenarios. Educational Technology, 34(9), 30-32.
Cooke, M., & Alavi, C. (1995). Approaching problem-based learning. In C. Alavi (Ed.), Problem-based learning in a health science curriculum (pp.12-37). London : Routledge.
Cordeiro, P., & Campbell, B. (1995). Problem-based learning as cognitive apprenticeship in educational administration. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 386 800)
Corrent-Agostinho, S., Hedberg, J. G., & Lefoe, G. (1998). Constructing problems in a web-based learning environment. Educational Media International, 35(3), 173-180.
Delisle, R. (1997). How to use problem-based learning in the classroom. Alexandria, VA: Association Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Dewey, J. (1938). Logic: The theory of inquiry. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Dewey, J. (1966). Democracy and education. New York: The Free Press.
Dirks, M. E. (1999). Assessment strategies of distance learning instructors in masters of business administration programs.Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Florida state university, USA.
Driver, R., & Oldham, V. (1986). A constructivist approach to curriculum development in science. Studies in Science Education, 13, 105-122.
Duch, B. (1996). Problem: A key factor in PBL. Retrieved November 21, 2004, from the World Wide Web: http://www.udel.edu/pbl/cte/spr96-phys.html
Duch, B. J. (2001a). Models for problem-based instruction in undergraduate courses. In B. J. Duch, S. E. Groh, & D. E. Allen (Eds.), The power of problem-based learning (pp. 39-45). Sterling, VA: Stylus.
Duch, B. J. (2001b). Writing problems for deeper understanding. In B. J. Duch, S. E. Groh, & D. E. Allen (Eds.), The power of problem-based learning (pp. 47-54). Sterling, VA: Stylus.
Edelson, D. C. (2001). Learning-for-use: A framework for the design of technology-supported inquiry activities. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 38(3), 355-385.
Edens, K. M. (2000). Preparing problem solvers for the 21st century through problem-based learning. College Teaching, 48(2), 55-60.
Edmondson, K. M. (1999). Assessing Science understanding through Concept Maps, In J. D., Mintzes, J. H. Wandersee, & J. D. Novak (Ed.) Assessing Science Understanding: A Human Constructivist View, 22-33. Toronto: Academic Press.
Ekhaml, L. (2001). The use of PBL in a library course via online distance learning. Journal of Educational Media & Library Sciences, 38(3), 241-249.
Engel, C., Browne, E., Nyarango, P., Akor, S., Khwaja, A., Karim, A., et al. (1992). Problem-based learning in distance education: A first exploration in continuing medical education. Medical Education, 26(5), 389-401.
Ewell, P. T., & Jones, D. P. (1996). Indicators of “good practice“ in undergraduate education: a handbook for development and implementation. Boulder, CO: National Center for Higher Education Managerment System.
Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive-development inquiry. American Psychologist, 34, 906-911.
Gallagher, S. A., Stepien, W. J., Sher, B. T., & Workman, D. (1995). Implementing problem based learning in science classrooms. School Science and Mathematics, 95(3), 136-146.
Gange, E. D., Yekovich, C. W., & Yekovich, F. R. (1993). The Cognitive Psychology of School Learning(2nd. ed.). New York: HarperCollins College Publishers.
Geelan, D. R. (1997). Epistemological Anarchy and the Many Forms of Constructivism. Science and Education, 6, 15-28.
Gergen, K. J. (1995) Social construction and the transformation of identity politics. Paper presented at the New School for Social Research conference on Social Construction, Politics, and the Practice of Psychology.
Gijselaers, W. H. (1996). Connecting problem-based practices with educational theory. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 68, 13-21.
Glasgow, N. A. (1996). New curriculum for new times: A guide to student-centered, problem-based learning. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin press.
Hiebert, J., & Carpenter, T. P. (1992). Learning and teaching with understanding. In D. Grouws (Ed.), Handbook for research on mathematics teaching and learning,65-97. New York: MacMillan.
Hmelo, C. E., & Ferrari, M. (1997). The problem-based learning tutorial: Cultivating higher order thinking skills. Journal of the Education of the Gifted, 20(4), 401-422.
Hmelo, C. E., Gotterer, G. S., & Bransford, J. D. (1997). A theory-driven approach to assessing the cognitive effects of PBL. Instructional Science, 25, 387-408.
Hoffman, B., & Ritchie, D. (1997). Using multimedia to overcome the problems with problem based learning. Instructional Science, 25, 97-115.
Holding, B. (1987). Investigation of school children’s understanding of the process of dissolving with special reference to the conservation of matter and the development of atomistic ideas. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K.
Hooper, S. (1992). Cooperative Learning and Computer-Based Instruction. Educational Technology, Research and Development, 40(3), 21-38.
Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy. (2004) . Problem-Based Learning Network @ IMSA. Retrieved October 22, 2004, from http://www2.imsa.edu/programs/pbln/
Instructional Development Experiences, Application, & Solutions. (2002). Four Models and Examples of PBL Implementation and Sudent Support. Retrieved October 26, 2004, from http ://celt.ust.hk/ideas/pbl/MExam/index.html.
Jason, M., George, R. B., Patricia, A. K., & Cathy, K. P. (1983). Relation BetweenPerseverance and Rate of Learning:A Test of Carroll’s Model of School Learning. American Education Research Journal, 20(3), 425-434.
Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Edythe, J. H. (1994). Cooperative learning in the classroom. Alexandria, V A: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Jonassen, D. H., Carr, C., & Yueh, H. (2000). Computers as Mindtools for engaging learners in critical thinking (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ:Prentice Hall.
Jonassen, D. H., Peck, K. L., & Wilson, B. G. (1999). Learning with technology: A constructivism perspective. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.
Kay, J., Barg, M., Fekete, A., Greening, T., Hollands, O., & Kingston, J. H. (2000). Problem-based learning for foundation computer science courses. Computer Science Education, 10 (2), 109–128.
Kelly, G. A., (1955). The Psychology of Personal Construct, New York: W. W. Norton & Co.
Lee, R. M. K. W., & Kwan, C. Y. (1997). The use of problem-based learning in medical education. Journal of Medical Education,1 (2),149-157.
Linn, M. C., & Burbules, N. C. (1993). Construction of knowledge and group learning. In K. Tobin (Ed.), The Practice of Constructivism in Science Education (pp. 91-119). Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science .
Markham, K. M., Mintzes, J. J., & Jones, G. M. (1994). The concept map as a research and evaluation tool: Further evidence of validity. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 31 (1), 91-101.
Mayer, R. E. (1981). The psychology of how novices learn computer programming. Computing Surveys, 13, 121-141.
Mayer, R. E., & Anderson, R. (1991). Animations Need Narrations: An Experimental Test of a Dual-Coding Hypothesis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(4), 484-490.
Mayer, R. E., & Anderson, R. B. (1992). The instructive animation: Helping students build connections between words and pictures in multimedia learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84, 444-452.
Mayer, R. E., & Gallini, J. K. (1990). When is an illustration worth ten thousand words? Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 715-726.
Mayer, R. E. (1997). Multimedia learning: Are we asking the right questions? Educational Psychologist, 32(1), 1-19.
McClure, J. R., & Bell, P. E. (1990). Effects of an environmental education - Related STS approach instruction on cognitive structures of preservice teachers. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 341 582)
Miller, G. A., & Gildea, P. M. (1987). How children learn words. Scientific American, 257(3), 94-99.
Moust, J. H. C., De Volder, M. L., & Nuy, H. J. P. (1989). Peer teaching and higher level cognitive outcomes in problem-based learning. Higher Education, 18(6), 737-742.
Naidu, S., & Oliver, M. (1996). Computer-supported collaborative problem-based learning: A instructional design architecture for virtual learning in nursing education. Journal of Distance Education, 11(2), 1-22.
National Science Foundation. (n.d.). NSF GPRA Strategic Plan FY 2001-2006. Retrieved November 21, 2002, from: http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2001/nsf0104/strategy.htm
National Science Teacher Association. (1975). Position statement on school science education for the 70's. In E. Victor., M. Letner. (Eds.), Reading in science education for the elementary school (p.p.36-43). New York: Macmillan Publishing Co.
Novak, J. D. (1990). Concept mapping: A useful tool for science education. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 27(10), 937-949.
Novak, J. D., & Gowin, D.B. (1984). Leaning how to learn. New York : Cambridge University Press.
Novak, J. D., & Wandersee, J. (1991). Coeditors, special issue on concept mapping. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 28, 10.
Okebukola, P. A. (1992). Can good concept mappers be good problem solvers in science? Research in Science and Technological Education, 10(2), 153-70.
Osborne. R.J., & Cosgrove, M. M. (1983). Children’s conceptions of the changes of state of water. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 20(9), 825-838.
Owston, R. D. (1997). The world wide web: A technology to enhance teaching and learning.
Educational Researcher, 26(2), 27-33.
Paivio, A. (1986). Mental repersentations: A dual coding approach. New York: Oxford University Press.
Pelletier, J. Y., Ness, G. W., & Murphy, R. J. L. (2001). Problem-based learning using web-based group discussions: A positive learning experience for undergraduate students. Retrieved November 3, 2002, from : http://aitt.acadiau.ca/research/fps/pelletier2001.pdf
Piaget, J. (1970). Science of education and the psychology of the child. New York: Orion.
Ram, P. (1999). Problem-based learning in undergraduate education. Journal of Chemical Education, 76(8), 1122-1126.
Regis, A., Albertazzi, P. G., & Roletto, E. (1996). Concept maps in chemistry education. Journal of Chemistry Education, 73(11), 1084-1088.
Rice, D. C., Ryan, J. M., & Samson, S. M. (1998). Using concept maps to assess student learning in the science classroom: Must different methods compete? Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 35(10), 1103-1127.
Roth, W. M. (1995). From "Wiggly Structures" to "Unshaky Towers": Problem Framing, Solution Finding, and Negotiation of Course of Actions During a Civil Engineering Unit for Elementary Students. Research in Science Education, 25(4), 365-382.
Ruiz-Primo, M., Schultz, S., Li, M., & Shavelson, R. (2001). Comparison of the Reliability and Validity of Scores from Two Concept-Mapping Techniques. Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 38(2), 260-278.
Sage, S. M. (2000). A natural fit: Problem-based learning and technology standards. Learning & Leading with Technology, 28(1), 6-12.
San Diego State University. (1996). What is PBL? Retrieved Jan 7, 2003, from http://edweb.sdsu.edu/clrit/learningtree/pbl/DisPBL.html#anchor11415
Savery, J. R., & Duffy, T. M. (1995). Problem based learning: An instructional model and its constructivist framework. Educational Technology, 35(5), 31-38.
Shepherd, A., & Cosgriff, B. (1998). Problem based learning: A bridge between planning education and planning practice. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 17, 348-357.
Skinner, B. F. (1990). Can Psychology be a Science of Mind?American Psychologist,45, 1206-1210.
Slavin, R. E. (1990). Cooperative learning: Theory, research and practice. Englewood cliffs, N J: Prentice-Hall.
Smith, C. L. (1985). Relation of microcomputer-based instruction and learning style. Journal of Educational Technology System, 13(4), 265-270.
Solomon, J. (1987). Social influences on the construction of pupils' understanding of science. Studies in Science Education, 14, 63-82.
Solso, R. L. (1991). Cognitive Psychology (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Stavy, R. (1990). Children’s conception of changes in the state of matter: from liquid (or solid) to gas, Journal of Reasearch in Science Teaching, 27(3), 247-266.
Stavy, R., & Stachel, D. (1985). Children’s ideas about solid and liquid. European Journal of Science Education , 7(4), 407-421.
Steinkuehler, C. A., Derry, S. J., Hmelo-Sliver, C. E., & Delmarcelle, M. (2002). Cracking the resource nut with distributed problem-based learning in secondary teacher education. Distance Education, 23(1), 23-39.
Suchman, L. (1987). Plans and situated actions: the problems of human-machine communication. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Torp, L., & Sage, S. (1998). Problems as possibilities: Problem-based learning for K-12 education (1st ed.). Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Torp, L., & Sage, S. (2002). Problems as possibilities: Problem-based learning for K-16 education (2nd ed.). Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Trowbridge, J. E., & Wandersee, J. H. (1994). Identifying Critical Junctures in Learning in a College course on Evolution. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 31(5), 459-473.
Von Glasersfeld, E. (1989). Cognition, construction of knowledge, and teaching. Syntheses, 80, 121-140.
von Glasersfeld, E. (1995). A constructivist approach to teaching. In L. P. Steffe & J. Gale (Eds.), Constructivism in education (pp. 3-15). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Vygotsky, L.S. (1978). Mind in Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Waber, D. (1989). The biological boundaries of cognitive styles: A neuropsychological analysis. In Globerson, T. & Zelniker, T. (Eds.), Cognitive Style and Cognitive Development (pp. 11-35). Norwood, N J: Ablex Publishing Corporation.
West, D. J., & Watson, D. E. (1996). Usingproblem-based learning and educational reengineering to improve outcomes. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 400 242)
White, H. (1995). “Creating problems” for PBL. Retrieved November 1, 2001, from http://www.udel.edu/pbl/cte/jan95-chem.html
Wilkerson, L., & Feletti, G. (1989). Problem-based learning: One approach to increasing student participation. In A. F. Lucas (Ed.), New Directions for Teaching and Learning (pp. 51-60). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Zimmerman, M. L., & Perkin, G. W. (1982). Instructing through pictures : Print materials for people who do not read. Information Design Journal, 3, 119-134.
QRCODE
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
1. 林敏慧、陳慶帆(2004)。快速建構網路教學平台的新方案Moodle。 教育研究月刊,126,85-98。
2. 周崇儒(2000)。談建構主義的教學。研習資訊,17(3),43-49。
3. 邱貴發(1994)。電腦輔助學習的理念與發展方向。教學科技與媒體,20,15-22。
4. 李忠謀、吳正己、林美娟(1998)。資訊教育軟體與教材資源中心之建置。資訊與教育,68,21-28。
5. 李秀娟、張永達與黃達三(1998)。概念圖應用於國中生物教材之分析與評論─以神經系統為例。科學教育月刊,213,14-26。
6. 江憲坤、林志豪(1999)。群體合作學習機制在Web教學環境上之探討。大葉學報,8(2),63-79。
7. 王千倖(1999)。「合作學習」和「問題導向學習」-培養教師及學生的科學創造力。教育資料與研究,28,31-39。
8. 方吉正(1998)。情境學習理論之主要觀點剖析。教育資料文摘,42(4),185-192。
9. 林錦泓、楊錦潭(2001)。遠距教學中以元件式建構聊天室之設計與實作。生活科技教育
10. 林麗娟(2002)。「問題導向學習」在網路資源式學習之應用。教學科技與媒體,60,42-53。
11. 計惠卿、張杏妃(2001)。全方位的學習策略─問題導向學習的教學設計模式。教學科技與媒體,55,58-71。
12. 許瑛玿、吳慧珍(2002)。網路合作學習與科學過程技能的學習。科學教育月刊,254,16-27。
13. 游光昭、蔡福興(2001)。網路化問題導向式學習環境之設計。生活科技教育,34(12),18-23。
14. 張新仁(1990)。從資訊處理談有效的學習策略。教育學刊,9,47-66。
15. 張民杰(2003)。超學科統整模式之一-問題導向學習在國中九年一貫課程的設計與實施。新竹師院學報,17,389-424。