臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　由於風力渦輪發電機存在著非線性的特性，其最大功率點運轉位置將隨著風力狀況的改變而有所不同。為了使風力發電系統在任何風速下皆可操作在最大功率點，並避免實際運轉時使用風力計，本論文引用類神經網路最大功率追蹤控制理論應用於風力發電系統上。
　　本文先建立各不同風速下風力發電系統之負載特性曲線模型，便於設計控制程式與探討所提最大功率追蹤之可行性。除實作完成傳統電流型擾動觀察法、三點權位比較法、含風速計轉速控制法外，並與本文所使用類神經方法相互比較。系統實作上應用最大功率追蹤技術搭配數位信號處理器（TMS320C240）調整降壓式轉換器之責任週期，使風力渦輪發電機運轉在最大功率輸出。
　　為比較驗證上述四種控制方法，本論文以一部三相、12極、100瓦的風力渦輪發電機作為實際測試對象。風力渦輪發電機包括三片直徑1.17公尺葉片之小型風力渦輪機與一台永磁式同步發電機。從實驗結果得知，本論文所使用之類神經最大功率追蹤控制器，在不同的風速下，不需使用風速計亦可有效地追蹤至系統之最大功率點，且可解決舊有方法擾動的問題。

　　The wind-turbine generation system (WTGS) exhibits a nonlinear characteristic and thus its maximum power point varies with changing atmospheric conditions. In order to operate the WTGS at maximum power points under different wind speeds and to avoid using anemometer in practical applications, the thesis adopts neural network base maximum power points tracking (MPPT) control theory in the WTGS.
　　In the thesis, load characteristic models of the WTGS under different wind speeds are first built up for design of control rules and feasibility studies of the proposed MPPT methods. We realize and compare the traditional current-type perturbation & observation (P&O) algorithm, three-point-weighting comparison (TPWC) algorithm, variable-speed wind turbine power control method, as well as the proposeed neural networks based MPPT method. In the practical system implementations, the MPPT methods are integrated with the TMS320C240 digital signal processor to adjust the duty ratios of the buck converter to operate the WTGS at maximum power outputs.
　　To compare and verify the effectiveness of the four MPPT control methods mentioned above, a practical WTGS has been used. The WTGS includes a small wind turbine with three 1.17m-diameter blades and a three-phase, 12-pole, 100W, small permanent-magnet synchronous generator. The experimental results show that the neural networks based MPPT method can reach maximum power points in different wind-speed conditions without using anemometer, and it can solve the oscillation problems around the maximal power output point in traditional P&O and TPWC algorithms.

目錄
中文摘要.....................................................................................................I
Abstract......................................................................................................II
誌謝……………………………………………………………………..III
目錄……………………………………………………………………..IV
圖目錄………………………………………………………………….VII
表目錄…………………………………………………………………..IX
第一章 緒論..............................................................................1
1-1 研究背景與動機........................................................................1
1-2 文獻回顧....................................................................................1
1-3 研究方法....................................................................................3
1-4 本論文貢獻................................................................................5
1-5 本論文組織架構........................................................................5
第二章 風力發電簡介與系統架構規劃..................................7
2-1 簡介............................................................................................7
2-2 風力發電原理............................................................................8
2-3風力發電研究架構與控制原理...............................................11
2-3-1風力發電系統架構...........................................................11
2-3-2 RCD緩震電路..................................................................13
2-3-3降壓式直流轉換器...........................................................16
2-3-5最大功率追蹤器之控制軟體程式...................................19
2-3-6數位訊號處理晶片...........................................................20
2-4本章結論…........................................................……………...24
第三章 傳統最大功率追蹤控制法則....................................25
3-1 前言..........................................................................................25
3-2 傳統電流型擾動觀察法..........................................................25
3-3 三點權位比較法......................................................................30
3-4 轉速控制法…………………………………..........................34
3-5 本章結論..................................................................................35
第四章 所採用最大功率追蹤控制法....................................36
4-1 前言..........................................................................................36
4-2 倒傳遞類神經網路理論..........................................................36
4-3 類神經網路最大功率追蹤控制器..........................................41
4-3-1運作原理及架構.............................................................41
4-3-2類神經網路訓練流程.....................................................44
4-4 本章結論……………………………………………………...45
第五章 實驗結果與討論........................................................47
5-1 前言..........................................................................................47
5-2 風力發電機之特性曲線量測..................................................47
5-3 實驗架構..................................................................................50
5-4 實驗數據結果..........................................................................53
5-4-1穩定風速.........................................................................53
5-4-2變動風速.........................................................................60
5-5本章結論...................................................................................62
第六章 結論與未來研究方向................................................63
6-1 結論…………………………………………………………...63
6-2 未來研究方向………………………………………………...63
參考文獻..................................................................................65


圖目錄
圖2-1 風力輪機之性能係數λ－Cp特性曲線................................10
圖2-2 風力輪機之輸出功率對發電機頻率特性曲線...................10
圖2-3 風力驅動永磁式同步機發電系統架構圖...........................11
圖2-4 RCD截止型緩震電路..........................................................15
圖2-5 降壓式直流轉換器...............................................................16
圖2-6 降壓電路主要波形圖...........................................................17
圖2-7 最大功率追蹤器控制方塊圖...............................................18
圖2-8 TMS320F240數位信號處理之整體內部方塊圖................23
圖3-1 傳統電流型擾動觀察法控制流程圖...................................28
圖3-2 三點權位功率型態圖（權位值不為零）...........................31
圖3-3 三點權位功率型態圖（權位值為零）...............................32
圖3-4 三點權位比較法控制流程圖...............................................33
圖3-5 轉速控制法流程圖...............................................................34
圖4-1 類神經網路架構圖...............................................................36
圖4-2 硬限制函數示意圖...............................................................38
圖4-3 區域限制函數示意圖...........................................................38
圖4-4 s-字型函數示意圖.................................................................39
圖4-5 高斯函數示意圖...................................................................39
圖4-6 估測風速類神經網路架構圖...............................................41
圖4-7 風力機3維特性曲線示意圖...............................................42
圖4-8 類神經網路訓練流程圖.......................................................44
圖5-1 風力機實測3維特性曲線圖…….......................................48
圖5-2 風力機實測λ－Cp特性曲線圖……....................................49
圖5-3 風力發電機之三相交流電壓波形……..............………….50
圖5-4 實驗架構圖…………………...............................................51
圖5-5 類神經網路轉速控制法流程圖…………………...............52
圖5-6 比較功率示意圖...................................................................61

表目錄
表5-1 類神經網路轉速控制法實驗數據.......................................54
表5-2 含風速計轉速控制法實驗數據...........................................55
表5-3 擾動觀察法實驗數據...........................................................56
表5-4 三點權位法實驗數據...........................................................57
表5-5 誤差百分比(%)比較表.........................................................58
表5-6 穩定風速最大功率追蹤時間...............................................59
表5-7 變動風速最大功率追蹤時間...............................................60
表5-8 相對增加功率.......................................................................61

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