臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要是要探討鉑銠合金熱電偶的使用壽命，鉑銠合金熱電偶在1000℃時加熱時間相對於晶粒成長的關係，首先將熱電偶放在溫度1000℃的工作爐中，準備6組熱電偶加熱於不同時間條件下，再選取標準件熱電偶一起進行校正，和實驗中的鉑銠合金熱電偶電壓值相互比對，可以發現加熱時間愈久的熱電偶其溫度偏差值愈大，我們利用光學顯微鏡觀察晶粒的微結構，再計算出晶粒尺寸大小和線性迴歸分析，顯示出鉑銠合金熱電偶對於晶粒成長有相當好的線性關係，根據實驗結果進而判斷晶粒成長與溫度偏差量的關係，作為未來鉑銠合金熱電偶是否需要再校正的事先判斷，也可以估算出鉑銠合金熱電偶的使用壽命。

The purpose of this study is to research the life time of Platinum/ Rhodium alloy thermocouple, the relationship of heating temperature/time vs. grain growth, Firstly, we assembly the thermocouples, put it into calibration furnace then heat the thermocouples with different times, use calibrated standard wires to calibrate the heated wires, compare the output voltage values with standard wires. The wires were heated for a period, voltage output signal will decrease gradually, and it will cause temperature deviation condition. We checked the grain structure of the wires by optic-microscope, also, measured and calculated the grains size, we find the temperature deviation condition when the grain size greater than 94 μm, if the grain size within 94 μm, the wires can be calibrated again and will get a offset value for continuing use, it can lower the cost.

中文摘要 ……………………………………………………………………………… i
英文摘要 ………………………………………………………………………………… ii
致謝 …………………………………………………………………………………… iii
目錄 …………………………………………………………………………………… iv
表目錄 ………………………………………………………………………………… vi
圖目錄 ………………………………………………………………………………… vii
第一章 緒 論 ………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.1 前 言 …………………………………………………………………… 1
1.2 研究動機與目的………………………………………………………… 2
1.3 相關文獻回顧…………………………………………………………… 4
第二章 熱電偶溫度計………………………………………………………………… 6
2.1 溫度感測器……………………………………………………………… 6
2.2 熱電偶基本構造………………………………………………………… 9
2.2.1 量測原理…………………………………………………………… 12
2.2.2 熱電偶原理………………………………………………………… 14
2.2.3 熱電偶三大定律 …………………………………………………… 17
2.3 熱電效應………………………………………………………………… 21
2.4 冷接點影響……………………………………………………………… 22
2.5 補償導線………………………………………………………………… 24
2.6 鉑銠合金熱電偶特性…………………………………………………… 26
2.6.1 鉑銠合金相圖……………………………………………………… 26
2.6.2 各型熱電偶之優點與缺點………………………………………… 27
2.6.3 Thermal properties of thermocouple material…………… 28
2.6.4 貴金屬型熱電偶之容許差………………………………………… 29
第三章 校正系統與實驗方法………………………………………………………… 30
3.1 熱電偶比較量測系統…………………………………………………… 30
3.1.1 測量儀器設備……………………………………………………… 32
3.1.2 校正方法…………………………………………………………… 33
3.1.3 資料分析…………………………………………………………… 34
3.2 實驗方法………………………………………………………………… 36
3.2.1 安裝熱電偶溫度計的注意事項…………………………………… 37
3.2.2 熱電偶焊接………………………………………………………… 37
3.2.3 製造冰點環境……………………………………………………… 38
3.2.4 進行校正…………………………………………………………… 39
3.2.5 顯微組織觀察……………………………………………………… 40
3.2.6 晶粒大小計算……………………………………………………… 41
第四章 實驗結果與討論 ……………………………………………………………… 42
4.1 實驗結果………………………………………………………………… 42
4.2 晶粒大小對工作溫度的關係…………………………………………… 46
4.3. 晶粒成長關係…………………………………………………………… 53
4.4 晶粒大小對熱電偶使用壽命的影響…………………………………… 55
4.5 熱電偶使用壽命及校正關係…………………………………………… 57
第五章 結 論 ………………………………………………………………………… 59
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………………… 60

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