臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究目的在探討照明與視距對數位投影機使用者視覺績效與疲勞的影響。有30位受試者參與此研究，年齡介於19到25歲。實驗的自變項為：照明(75 lux、200 lux、450 lux、750 lux)與視覺距離(3 m、6 m、9 m)。 因變項為：CFF值、視覺疲勞主觀評量、文字辨識績效、注意力。受測者分 三組(每組10人)分別做三種不同視距的試驗工作。每位受測者分4天進行4 次不同照明的試驗工作，試驗順序均為隨機方式進行實驗。每次試驗約130分鐘，包含3個回合。每回合40分鐘，前10分鐘挑錯字，後30分鐘看影片。注意力為測驗影片內容問題。試驗前與試驗每回合後，測量閃光融合頻率(CFF)並填寫視覺疲勞主觀評量表，每次測量加上作答時間約3分鐘。
實驗結果顯示：在固定投影區域為暗照明(50 lux)環境下進行視覺作業時，桌面照度較高(450-750 lux)的整體績效優於桌面照照度較低者(75-200 lux)。而觀看投影文字以視距6公尺(相當視角在25分弧度)比視距3公尺和9公尺有較少的疲勞產生，但不論在哪種環境下持續觀看投影布幕40分鐘後都會開始產生視覺疲勞，因此，建議持續觀看應少於40分鐘。實驗證明，使用投影機與VDT有類似的最佳視角存在，此結論可以將過去VDT研究結果順利移轉應用在投影文字字體與排版設計上。

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of illumination and viewing distance on visual performance and visual fatigue for digital projector users. Thirty subjects participated in this study voluntarily, and their age ranged from 19 to 25 years. The independent variables were illumination (75 lux, 200 lux, 450 lux and 750 lux) and viewing distance (3 m, 6 m and 9 m). Four dependent measures were Critical Fusion Frequency value (CFF value), subjective visual fatigue, identification performance and attention. The subjects were divided into three groups, and each group had ten persons. Each group was assigned to one of the three viewing distances. The four different illumination treatments were performed randomly on four different days. Each experimental took 130 min, including 3 trials. Each trial took 40 min, including 10-min proofreading and 30-min seeing a movie. Attention performance was collected from the movie content test. CFF and subjective visual fatigue were measured before experimental and afyer each trial, the measurement time was 3 min.
The results indicated subjects had higher performances in high illumination (450-750 lux) than those in low illumination ( 75-200 lux) as the projection area having a dark illumination (50 lux). The viewing distance of 6 m (equal to 25 min of arc) had lower visual fatigue and better performances as compared with the other two viewing distances. However, the subjects felt visual fatigue after 40 min of visual tasks in all of the experimental settings. Therefor, we suggested the continuous watching time should be less than 40 min when using a digital projector. The study confirmed that using a projector and a VDT had similar best viewing angle. This conclusion can transfer the previous results of VDT study into the character font and layout design of the projected texts.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 4
第三節 研究架構 5
第二章 文獻探討 6
第一節 影響視覺績效與疲勞的因子 6
1. 刺激源的特徵 6
(1) 文字品質 6
(2) 影像或動畫 7
(3) 色彩亮度與明暗對比 7
(4) 視距與視角 8
2. 環境相關因子 11
(1) 環境照明 11
(2) 震動 13
3. 個人視力特色 14
(1) 近視 14
(2) 遠視 15
(3) 色盲 15
(4) 白內障 16
第二節 視覺疲勞的衡量技術 17
1. 閃光融合閾值 17
2. 視覺疲勞主觀評量 18
3. 近點、遠點法 19
4. 瞳孔直徑 19
5. 眼球追蹤速度 20
6. 工作績效 21
7. 視力 21
第三節 數位投影機規格測試標準 23
1. ANSI流明值量測法 23
2. 對比度(Contrast Ratio)量測法 24
第三章 研究方法與步驟 25
第一節 受試者 25
第二節 實驗設備 26
1. 筆記型電腦 26
2. 隨身型投影機 26
3. 照度計 27
4. 視覺頻閃儀 27
5. 色彩分析儀 28
第三節 實驗環境配置 29
第四節 實驗內容 30
第五節 實驗設計 32
1. 自變項 32
(1) 四種環境照明水準 32
(2) 不同視距水準 32
2. 因變項 32
(1) 辨識績效 32
(2) 視覺疲勞主觀評量 33
(3) 閃光融合閾值變化量 33
(4) 注意力測驗成績 33
3. 控制變項. 34
第六節 實驗程序 35
1.預試試驗階段 35
2.分析與檢討 36
3.正式實驗階段 36
第七節 資料統計分析 37
第四章 結果 39
第一節 各組受測者基本資料 39
第二節 敘述統計分析 40
1.文字辨識績效 40
(1) 照明對文字辨識績效 40
(2) 視距對文字辨識績效 41
2. 自變數對注意力. 42
(1) 照明對注意力 42
(2) 視距對注意力 43
3.閃光融合閾值變化 44
(1) 照明對CFF變化值 44
(2) 視距對CFF變化值 45
4.視覺疲勞主觀評量 46
(1) 照明對視覺疲勞主觀評量 46
(2) 視距對視覺疲勞主觀評量 47
第三節 多變量分析 48
1. 第一回合(40分鐘後)的結果 48
(1) 照度對各依變項之影響 48
(2) 視距對各依變項之影響 50
(3) 交互作用對各依變項影響 50
2.第二回合(80分鐘後)的結果 51
(1 照度對各依變項之影響 51
(2) 視距對各依變項之影響 52
3.第三回合(120分鐘後)的結果 53
(1)照度對各依變項之影響 53
(2) 視距對各依變項之影響 55
(3) 交互作用對各依變項影響 56
第四節 相關係數分析 58
1.觀看投影內容40分鐘後之各變數相關係數 58
2.觀看投影內容80分鐘後之各變數相關係數 59
3.觀看投影內容120分鐘後之各變數相關係數 60
第五節 視覺主觀疲勞症狀之分析 61
1.疲勞症狀之分析 63
2.以視距之分析 64
第五章 討論 66
第一節 照明的影響 66
第二節 視距的影響 67
第三節 觀看投影布幕時間 72
第四節 結果之應用性 73
第六章 結論與建議 75
參考文獻 77
附錄 84
附錄一 受測者基本資料問卷 84
附錄二 CFF與視覺疲勞主觀評量表(一)-實驗前 85
附錄三 CFF與視覺疲勞主觀評量表(二)-第一回合 86
附錄三CFF與視覺疲勞主觀評量表(三)-第二回合 87
附錄四 CFF與視覺疲勞主觀評量表(四)-第三回合 88
附錄五 文字辨識與注意力測驗表 89

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