臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

Annually, thousands of unprotected pedestrians are killed or suffer serious injuries in accidents with moving vehicles. Numerous automobile organizations have researched on pedestrian safety. Many approaches have been developed. The European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee (EEVC), Working Group 17 (WG17) proposed three component subsystem tests, a passive method, to evaluate the friendliness of vehicle to pedestrian: the legform to bonnet test, the upper legform to bonnet leading edge test, and the headform to bonnet top test. So far, this method has been developing. The first objective of this study is to build the EEVC/WG17 pedestrian impactor models, including child headform, adult headform, upper legform, and legform. Then, EEVC/WG17 regulations are used to validate these models. The second objective is to use validated models to evaluate the frontal structure of a specific vehicle to see if it passes EEVC/WG17 safety requirements. Also, from simulations, some comments about vehicle frontal structure that cause pedestrian injury in car-pedestrian accidents were drawn out. The third objective is to redesign some areas of a vehicle (engine room and bumper) that would affect pedestrian injury to investigate its structure. All simulations were performed through LSDYNA3D. The FE pedestrian impactors built in this study can be used to evaluate pedestrian safety of FE vehicle models during designing as well as available ones. Moreover, the suggestions drawn out from simulation results can help vehicle manufacturers with vehicle design that would be safer to pedestrian.

COVER
CREDENTIAL
AUTHORIZATION LETTES iii
ABSTRACT iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS v
CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES x

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………… 1
1.1. Motivation ……………………………………... 1
1.2. Literature survey …………………………………………………………… 4
1.3. The purpose of this study …………………………………………………... 7
1.4. The structure of this thesis …………………………………………………. 8

CHAPTER 2. INTRODUCTION OF EEVC/WG17 REGULATIONS …………… 21
2.1. Headform to bonnet top test ……………………………………………….. .21
2.1.1. Purpose ………………………………………………………………….. 21
2.1.2. Procedure ………………………………………………………………... 21
2.1.3. Headform impactor description …………………………………………. 22
2.1.4. Certification tests of headform impactors …………………………… ….23
2.2. Upper legform to bonnet leading edge test …………………………… ……23
2.2.1. Purpose …………………………………………………………………. .23
2.2.2. Procedure …………………………………………………………… …...24
2.2.3. Upper legform impactor description …………………………… ……….24
2.2.4. Certification tests of upper legform impactor ……………… …………...25
2.3. Legform to bumper test …………………………………………… ………..25
2.3.1. Purpose …………………………………………………… ……………..25
2.3.2. Procedure ………………………………………………… ……………...25
2.3.3. Legform impactor description ……………… …………………………...26
2.3.4. Certification tests of legform impactor …………… …………………….26

CHAPTER 3. FINITE ELEMENT MODELS OF PEDESTRIAN IMPACTOR ... 36
3.1. Pedestrian finite element impactor model construction ……………………. 36
3.1.1. Headform impactor …………………………………………………….. 36
3.1.2. Upper legform impactor ……………………………………………….. 37
3.1.3. Legform impactor ………………………………………………………. 38
3.2. Validation of pedestrian impactor models ………………………………… 39
3.2.1. Headform impactor verification ……………………………………… …39
3.2.2. Upper legform impactor verification …………………… ……………….39
3.2.3. Legform impactor verification …………………………… ……………..40

CHAPTER 4. ANALYSIS OF PEDESTRIAN FRIENDLINESS OF VEHICLE ...53
4.1. Head to bonnet top tests ……………………… ……………………………..54
4.2. Upper legform to bonnet leading edge tests ……… …………………………55
4.3. Legform to bumper tests …………………………… ……………………….56

CHAPTER 5. DESIGN OF PEDESTRIAN FRIENDLINESS OF VEHICLE …….70
5.1. The Redesigned Engine Compartment……………………………… 70
5.1.1. The subsystem Test Simulation Results ……………………………… 71
5.1.2. Discussions and Conclusions……………………………… 71
5.2. The Redesigned Bumpers……………………………………… …...72
5.2.1. The subsystem Test Simulation Results ……………………………… …...72
5.2.2. Discussions and Conclusions 72
CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER STUDIES ………………… ….84
6.1. Conclusions ………………………………………………………… ………84
6.2. Further studies ………………………………………… ……………………85

REFERENCES………………………………………… ………………………...86

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2.Yasuhiro Matsui, Adam Wittek and Atsuhiro Konosu - Comparison of Pedestrian Subsystem Safety Tests Using Impactors and Full-Scall Dummy Tests – SAE 2002-01-1021
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4.Vehicle Design & Research Pty Limited
http://www1.tpgi.com.au
5.Transport Canada
http://www.tc.gc.ca/roadsafety/tp2436/rs200401/menu.htm
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20.Pedestrian Impact test subsystem www.aries-ingenieria.com
21.Tetsuo Maki, Toshiyuki Asai - Development of Pedestrian Protection Technologies for ASV - JSAE20024256
22.Atsuhiro Konosu, Karima, Tsukuba, Ibaraki - Reconstruction Analysis For Car–Pedestrian Accidents Using a Computer Simulation Model - JSAE20024257
23.FHWA/NHTSA National Crash Analysis Center-The George Washington University www.ncac.gwu.edu/vml/models.html