隨著科技的日新月異，各類先進的武器系統不斷地推陳出新，為了能夠安全且有效率地訓練人員發揮出各類武器系統應有的性能，使用訓練模擬器（Training Simulator）來執行武器系統（如︰戰機、坦克、船艦…等）之操作訓練已成為目前實施軍事訓練之趨勢。
傳統訓練模擬器之設計理念基本上係以滿足官兵個人戰技、戰術的演練或小規模團隊任務之遂行來提供訓練，並無法提供諸如團隊訓練（Team Training）或三軍聯合協同作戰之訓練功能。隨著電腦科技與網路技術應用的進步，以及西方各國軍方在近代多次實戰經驗中深切體認出僅針對個人戰技、戰術之訓練，並不能保證在實際聯合作戰任務中同樣能發揮出相同的訓練結果，於是乎分散式互動模擬（Distributed Interactive Simulation, DIS）之觀念便應運而生。
本篇論文係以一個真實之戰機飛行模擬模組為平台，並利用美國國防部的國防模式模擬辦公室（Defense Modeling and Simulation Office，簡稱DMSO）所制定出的一套開放式分散式互動模擬網路標準稱之為「高階模擬架構（High Level Architecture，簡稱HLA）」，實作出一個符合高階模擬架構且可執行多機連線之飛行訓練環境所需要的一個應用層閘道（Application Layer Gateway）軟體，使得舊有之訓練模擬擬器不需大幅地修改即可適用高階模擬架構。

Accompany with the rapidly progressed technology and all kinds of advanced weapon systems being developed constantly, the training of military personnel to operate these weapon systems safely and efficiently by using the training simulators of fighter, tank, warship… etc. already becomes the trend of the military training.
To satisfy the training request for the personal combat skill or small unit military mission is the basic design concept of the traditional training simulator. The traditional training simulator is unable to offer the team training or the large-scale joint combat training. Due to the progress of the computer and network technology and experiences from real combats, the military has recognized that the simulation in an individual training is not the same as the real combat. So, the idea of Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) arises.
The main purpose of this research is to use a flight model of fighter and an open distributed interactive simulation standard called High Level Architecture (HLA) that was developed by the Defense Modeling and Simulation Office (DMSO) of the U.S. Department of Defense to implement an HLA-compliant joint flight simulation training environment. In this thesis, an Application Layer Gateway is constructed to make the non-HLA training simulator become HLA-compliant more easily.

中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
目 錄 iii
圖 目 錄 v
表 目 錄 vii
第一章 研究緣由 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 3
第二章 分散式模擬技術概述 5
2.1 SIMNET（Simulator Networking） 5
2.2 DIS（Distributed Interactive Simulation） 6
2.3 ALSP（Aggregate Level Simulation Protocol） 8
2.4 HLA（High Level Architecture） 8
第三章 高階模擬架構 10
3.1 高階模擬架構的發展及現狀 10
3.2 高階模擬架構的組成架構 11
3.3 Run Time Infrastructure（RTI） 18
3.3.1 RTI 執行程式 20
3.3.2 Federation執行程式 21
3.3.3 RTI函式庫 21
3.4 時間管理服務 22
3.4.1 時間的定義 22
3.4.2 執行模式 23
3.4.3 訊息傳遞方式 24
3.2.4 Lookahead 28
3.5 聯模演訓發展與執行程序 29
第四章 實作系統 31
4.1 飛行模擬軟體 32
4.2 設定控制系統 34
4.3 視校顯示系統 36
4.4 應用層閘道軟體 37
4.4.1 RTIAmbassador物件實作 38
4.4.2 FederateAmbassador 逆向呼叫函式實作 42
4.4.3 FOM設計 44
4.5 實作結果及效能分析 45
第五章 結論與未來研究方向 51
5.1 結論 51
5.2 未來研究方向 52
參考文獻 53

[1]Miller, D.C.; Thorpe, J.A.,"SIMNET: the advent of simulator networking"; Proceedings of the IEEE Volume 83, No. 8 , page 1114 – 1123, Aug. 1995.
[2]The DIS steering committee, "The DIS vision: A map to the future of distributed simulation. ", Technical report, Institute for simulation and training, University of Central Florida, May1994.
[3]IEEE 1278.1a, Standard for Distributed Interactive Simulation--Application Protocols.
[4]IEEE 1278.2, Standard for Distributed Interactive Simulation--Communication Services and Profiles.
[5]"What is ALSP?", http://alsp.ie.org/alsp/
[6]"MODELING AND SIMULATION (M&S) MASTER PLAN", available at https://www.dmso.mil/public/library/policy/guidance/500059p.pdf.
[7]Gary M. Lightner, "High Level Architecture" SCS Summer Simulation Conference, July 1999.
[8]IEEE 1516, Standard for Modeling and Simulation （M&S） High Level Architecture （HLA）---Framework and Rules.
[9]IEEE 1516.1, Standard for Modeling and Simulation （M&S） High Level Architecture （HLA）---Federate Interface Specification.
[10]IEEE 1516.2, Standard for Modeling and Simulation （M&S） High Level Architecture （HLA）---Object Model Template （OMT） Specification.
[11]Richard M. Fujimoto, "Time Management in The High Level Architecture", Simulation, Vol. 71, No. 6, pp. 388-400, December 1998.
[12]High Level Architecture Federation Development and Execution Process (FEDEP) Model, Version 1.2, Version 1.3.
[13]RTI 1.3-Next Generation Programmer’s Guide, DMSO.
[14]RPR-FOM Version 1.0 SISO-STD-001.1-1999.
[15]毛利仁，"高階模擬架構之電腦兵棋系統發展程序"，國軍電腦兵棋專輯，第七輯，第129頁至第152頁，July 2000。
[16]黃俊堯、杜怡璋及白華勝，"高階模擬架構（HLA）之雛形聯模演訓系統設計"，July 2001.
[17]王耀聰，"以高階分散式網路架構實踐多人飛行模擬訓練系統之建置"，June 2002。
[18]中山科學研究院/第一研究所/模擬組，"第二套空軍F5E基礎模擬機軟體設計文件"，August 2003。
[19]單弘，"應用網路電話系統架構建立分散式模擬之研究與實作"，September 2003。
[20]潘妍艷，"分布式仿真高層體系結構（HLA）核心RTI測試與分析"，February 2004.