臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在軟體開發和專案管理的期間，軟體成本的估計是一項非常重要的任務。如果估計的不正確，即使我們有著功能強大的技術，也可能導致開發案的失敗。能力成熟度整合模式(CMMI)是一個現今最普遍的流程改進模型，其中在「專案計劃」這個流程領域的定義裡，特別強調專案成本估計的重要性。

在沒有一個方便的工具和數學理論基礎之下，要做準確的估計並不容易。於本論文中，我們提出一個線上軟體專案工作量評估系統(WSPES)的架構。WSPES是根據軟體開銷評估模型(COCOMO II)的評估方法，加上一個使用者回饋的機制。在系統開發期間，專案管理者使用我們的估計工具，執行三個階段的評估（根據COCOMO II 理論）。專案結束時，專案小組會回顧實際開發成本並且討論估計不準確的原因。根據討論的結果，再回到系統重新設定參數值，並且將其解釋加入到系統中。由於資訊的回饋，專案管理者可在下個專案做更加準確的估計。

本研究的另一貢獻是使用網頁塑模語言(WebML)的經驗。WebML是一種新的為網站系統而定義的塑模語言。因為我們的系統是一個基於網際網路的系統，所以我們試驗塑模語言，並在論文裡探討其優缺點。

Software cost estimation is an important task during software development and project management. If the estimation is incorrect, the development will fail even we have a very strong technology. Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI), a most popular process improvement model nowadays, also defines a process area Project Plan which emphasizes the importance of project size and cost estimation.

However, doing an accurate estimation is not easy without a convenient tool and mathematical theory basis. In this paper, we propose a framework called Web-based Software Project Estimation Systems, abbreviated as WSPES. WSPES is based on the COCOMO II (Constructive Cost Model II)) with a little extension on user feedback. During the system development, project manager use our tool for estimation in three phases (based on COCOMO II methodology). In the project closing, the project team reviews the actual cost and discusses why the estimation is not accurate. Based on the discussion, they go back to re-set the parameter in COCOMO II and give the explanation into our system. With the feedback information, the project manager can do a more accurate estimation in next project.

The other contribution of this research is to have an experimental report of using WebML. WebML is abbreviated for Web Modeling Language, a new modeling language for web system. As our system is a web-based system, we experiment the model language and give it report in this paper.

摘 要i
Abstract ii
誌 謝v
圖目錄vi
表目錄vii
第一章 緒論1
1.1. 研究背景1
1.2. 研究動機及目的 3
1.3. 研究方法與架構 5
1.4. 研究流程6
1.5. 章節簡介8
第二章 文獻探討9
2.1. WebML概述9
2.1.1. 結構模型(structural model)10
2.1.2. 組成模型(composition model)10
2.1.3. 導覽模型(navigation model)11
2.1.4. 呈現模型(presentation model)12
2.1.5. 個人化模型(personalization model)13
2.1.6. WebML的設計過程13
2.2. CMMI概述13
2.2.1. 連續式表述(continuous representation)17
2.2.2. 階段式表述(staged representation)19
2.3. COCOMO II概述24
2.3.1. 應用程式構成模型(Application Composition model)25
2.3.2. 早期設計模型(Early Design model)27
2.3.3. 後期架構模型(Post-Architecture model)30
2.4 相關研究35
第三章 WSPES系統設計36
3.1. WSPES系統架構36
3.1.1. 系統架構36
3.1.2. 系統特性及功能39
3.1.3. 程式語言複雜因素40
3.1.4. 介面及功能需求42
3.2 軟體設計44
3.2.1. 架構設計44
3.2.2. 介面設計45
3.3. 以WebML建構WSPES系統開發流程46
第四章 案例探討53
4.1. 個案公司簡介53
4.2. 個案公司運作現況54
4.3. 採用WSPES進行專案評估56
4.3.1. 個案分析60
第五章 結論與未來研究方向62
參考文獻63

[1] CMMISM for Systems Engineering, Software Engineering, Integrated Product and Process Development, and Supplier Sourcing (CMMI-SE/SW/IPPD/SS, V1.1)
[2] Barry W. Boehm (2000), “Software Cost Estimation with COCOMO II”, Prentice Hall PTR.
[3] Dr. Barry Boehm, Dr. Ellis Horowitz., Jongmoon Baik., “COCOMO II Model Definition Manual”
[4] Stefano Ceri, Piero Fraternali, Aldo Bongio, “Web Modeling Language (WebML): a modeling language for designing Web sites”
[5] Piero Fraternali, Marco Brambilla, “Model-driven design of Web applications”
[6] Aldo Bongio, Stefano Ceri, Piero Fraternali, Andrea Maurino, “Modeling data entry and operations in WebML”
[7] WebML URL http://www.webml.org/webml/page1.do
[8] 財團法人資訊工業策進會 能力成熟度整合模式CMMI-SE/SW/IPPD/SS, V1.1
[9] Standard CMMISM Appraisal Method for Process Improvement
(SCAMPISM), Version 1.1 : Method Definition Document
[10] Sunita Devnani-Chulani, “Incorporating Bayesian Analysis to Improve the Accuracy of COCOMO II and Its Quality Model Extension”
[11] QSM Function Point Programming Languages Table URL
http://www.qsm.com/FPGearing.html#MoreInfo
[12] M. Matera, A. Maurino, S. Ceri and P. Fraternali, “Model-driven design of collaborative Web applications ”