臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

物質通常具有氣、固和液三相，當溫度及壓力超過其臨界溫度及臨界壓力時，就進入所謂的超臨界流體狀態，超臨界流體同時具有如氣體易於穿透固體的擴散性與類似液體的溶解能力之特殊性質。此外，超臨界流體的溶解力可藉由壓力與溫度的微調而有很大的改變，此特性使其成為有機溶劑的良好替代品，二氧化碳為最常使用的超臨界流體。超臨界流體萃取設備為一多輸入多輸出的系統，各萃取槽的壓力、溫度及流速皆會影響溶解度及擴散係數，進而改變萃取物的成分與濃度，因此為了增進設備的效率，除了優良的槽體設計外更需要對系統進行建模；本研究以綠茶作為萃取原料，探討如何運用模糊建模以求得最佳的操作參數。
實驗中EGCG兒茶素在S1分離槽中具有最佳萃取效果，其溫度及壓力條件為40℃與2500psi，且Caffeine與兒茶素EGCG在此條件下具亦有最佳的分離效果；本研究中的模擬結果與實驗數據具有相同的趨勢，因此透過模糊理論的使用能有效的尋找最佳萃取條件。由於原物料來自於天然物，必需重複多次實驗以進行驗證，還需注意原料隨時間或環境因素的變化，以獲得有效的參考數據。



關鍵字：超臨界流體、萃取、建模、模糊理論。

Abstract
A pure substance usually has gas, solid and liquid three phases. Supercritical fluids are substances at temperatures and pressures above their thermodynamic critical points. They have the unique ability to diffuse through solids like gases, and dissolve materials like liquids. Furthermore, they can easily change in solubility upon minor change in pressure or temperature. These properties make supercritical fluids suitable as substitutes for organic solvents. Carbon dioxide is the most commonly used supercritical fluid. Supercritical fluid extraction apparatuses are multi-input and multi-output system. The solubility and diffusivity of dissolvent is deeply affected by the pressure, temperature, and flow speed of extraction tank. These properties can change ingredient and concentration of the extractive. In this reason, it is necessary to have correct design of extraction tank moreover to establish the model for the system in order to improve the efficiency of apparatus. In this study, we take green tea as extraction material, and discus how to obtain the best operation parameters using fuzzy modeling method.
In these experiments, we have the best result of extract for Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) with the condition of temperature 45oC and pressure 2500psi and the best effect of separation for Caffeine and Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) in S1 separation tank. In addition, the results of simulation and experimental data are the same inclination. Apparently we can obtain the best extract condition by fuzzy theorem. Because the raw material is always from natural source, we have to repeat the experiment for several times to carry on the confirmation. We also have to attend to the changes of material from the factors of time and environment in order to obtain referable data.
Keywords: supercritical fluid, extract, modeling, fuzzy theorem.

誌謝……………………………………………………………………… Ⅰ
中文摘要.................................................................................................... Ⅱ
英文摘要………………………………………………………………… Ⅲ
總目錄…………………………………………………………………….Ⅳ
表目錄………………………………………………….…………………Ⅵ
圖目錄…………………………………………….………………………Ⅷ
第一章 前言…………….…………………………………………………1
1-1研究背景與動機…………….…….………………………………1
第二章 文獻回顧..............................………………………………..…….4
2-1茶葉簡介………....……………………………..……..…………..4
2-1-1茶葉的化學組成…….………………………………….…..4
2-2超臨界流體 (Supercritical fluid, SCF)……………….…………...9
2-2-1超臨界流體在製程上的應用………………….………….12
2-2-2超臨界二氧化碳萃取……………………….………….…12
2-2-3超臨界二氧化碳萃取之優點…………………….…….…13
2-2-4 超臨界流體萃取方式………………………………….…15
2-3模糊理論…………………………………...………………….…17
2-3-1模糊集合………………………….………………….……18
2-3-2歸屬函數………………………….………………….……19
2-3-3模糊系統之基本架構…………………….…………….…21
2-3-4模糊化……………………………….……………….……21
2-3-5規則庫…………………………….………………….……22
2-3-6推論引擎………………………….………………….……22
2-3-7解模糊化………………………….………………….……23
2-3-8模糊規則………………………….………………….……23
2-3-9系統辨識……………………….………………….………25
第三章 實驗方法……………………………..………………….………28
3-1實驗材料與藥品………………………...…………….…………28
3-2儀器設備………………………………...…………….…………29
3-3實驗流程…………………………...…………………….………29
第四章 結果與討論……………………..……………………….………42
4-1實驗結果…………………………………………………………42
4-2模擬結果…………………………………………………………51
第五章 結論…………………………..……………….…………………71
參考文獻…………………………………………………….……………72
附錄A HPLC - STD分析圖…………..………………………….….…74
附錄B SAMPO HPLC分析圖…………..…………………………..…78
附錄C MATLAB程式架構……………………………..……………...96
自序……………………………………………………………………...101

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