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Anderson、Bjork與Bjork（1994）使用「提取練習派典」的研究發現，在提取練習時，與目標項目競爭的相關項目的激發量會被壓制下來，造成之後的記憶受損。Anderson等人稱此現象為提取引發之遺忘（Retrieval- induced forgetting，RIF）效果。綜觀Anderson及其同僚一系列探討RIF的主動壓制機制的研究多採用一般分類類別為實驗材料，並未擴及目的類別。對目的類別而言，中央趨勢不是預測典型性的良好指標（Barsalou, 1985），相對的，理想性則較能表示目的類別典型性的特性。本研究改採用目的類別為材料，探討目的類別的提取引發遺忘現象，試圖驗證理想性的高低應該可以指涉類別與正例項目間的連結強度。亦即，目的類別的正例愈符合理想性，該正例愈典型，經學習後在記憶結構中激發的連結強度則愈強。因此高理想性的競爭項目，便會造成與目標項目的競爭干擾關係，進而產生RIF效果。
實驗一以目的類別與其正例為材料進行提取練習派典，獲得穩定的RIF現象，可見此記憶抑制現象具有相當的普遍性。實驗二探討目的類別的輸出排序因素是否會影響RIF現象，但實驗結果並未發現RIF現象。實驗三改以操弄項目的理想性符合度高低，發現競爭項目為高理想性符合度時，則出現RIF現象。此結果支持提取練習派典以目的類別為材料時，理想性符合度高低會造成提取抑制下競爭關係的存在於否，進而影響RIF現象的產生。

Anderson, Bjork and Bjork(1994) used the retrieval practice paradigm, and they found the impairment of competing memories. This phenomenon is referred to as retrieval- induced forgetting (RIF). Anderson and his colleagues studied a series of discussion of the suppressed mechanism of RIF research which using the common taxonomic categories as experimental material, but not expand to goal derive category. To goal derive category, the central tendency is not perfect index to predict the typicality (Barsalou, 1985). Relatively, the ideal could represent the typical characteristic of goal derive category.
This research uses the goal derive category as experimental material, which attempts to confirm the ideal index to be supposed to be possible to refer the association strength of category and exemplar. That is, the goal derive category exemplar more conforms to the ideal, then the exemplar is more typical and the strength which exemplar in the memory structure is stronger after the study. Therefore, the high idealistic competition items will then cause competitive and disturbing relations to the target items, and then induce the RIF phenomenon.
Experiment 1 uses goal derive category as the material to proceed retrieval practice paradigm and obtains the stable RIF phenomenon. It obviously shows that memory suppression phenomenon has the suitable generality. Experiment 2 discusses whether the output rank factor of the goal derive category can affect the RIF phenomenon. The result does not cause the RIF phenomenon eventually.Experiment 3 changes to manipulate the idealistic degree of the items. When the competition items conform to the high idealistic degree, then the result appears the RIF phenomenon.
This result support retrieval practice paradigm when uses goal derive category as the material, the idealistic degree can make the relation of competition existence in otherwise under the retrieval suppression mechanism, then affects the production of RIF phenomenon.

表目錄………………………………………………………………………………III
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………………IV
緒論.…………………………………………………………………………………1
提取造成的遺忘現象與相關議題….…………………………………………2
提取練習派典....….……………………………………………………………4
提取引發遺忘現象的特性.……………………………………………………7
1、 強度獨立（Strength independence）...………………………………7
2、 提取特定性（Retrieval specificity）...………………………………8
3、 干擾依賴（Interference dependence）....……………………………8
4、 線索獨立（Cue-independence）..……………………………………9
5、 整合性（Integration）………………………………………………12
6、 相似性調節因素（Similarity）..……………………………………13
7、 普遍性（Generality）.………………………………………………16
對提取引發遺忘現象的質疑…………………………………………………17
目的類別與一般分類類別……………………………………………………19
1、類別的記憶表徵結構 ………………………………………………20
2、類別的典型性 ………………………………………………………22
3、類別典型性的影響因素：中央趨勢、理想值、列舉頻率、熟悉性 ……………………………………………………………………23
研究目的………………………………………………………………………28
前導性研究…………………………………………………………………………31
階段一：收集目的類別名稱…………………………………………………31
階段二：收集理想性描述……………………………………………………32
階段三：收集目的類別下的正例與輸出排序………………………………32
階段四：評量目的類別正例理想性…………………………………………34
實驗一：目的類別的提取引發遺忘基本現象……………………………………35
方法……………………………………………………………………………35
結果與討論……………………………………………………………………38
實驗二：輸出排序對目的類別下RIF的影響.……………………………………41
方法……………………………………………………………………………41
結果與討論……………………………………………………………………43
實驗三：理想性符合度對目的類別下正例競爭性的影響………………………47
方法…………………………………………………………………………… 47
結果與討論…………………………………………………………………….48
綜合討論.……………………………………………………………………………52
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………56
附錄
附錄一：前導性研究階段二之指導語與問卷範例…………………………60
附錄二：前導性研究所收集得各目的類別理想性描述頻率表……………62
附錄三：前導性研究階段三之指導語與問卷範例…………………………86
附錄四：前導性研究階段四之指導語與問卷範例…………………………88
附錄五：前導性研究產生之目的類別列表…………………………………90
附錄六：實驗一材料…………………………………………………………114
附錄七：實驗一至實驗三之指導語…………………………………………115
附錄八：實驗二材料…………………………………………………………116
附錄九：實驗二與實驗三對抗平衡設計示意圖……………………………117
附錄十：實驗三材料…………………………………………………………118

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