臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

群聚（agglomeration）現象是指產業集中的現象。以美國為例，該國工業群聚區域主要集中在東北部相對狹小的區域；而歐洲大陸也有類似的區域，主要範圍以德國魯爾區、法國北部與比利時構成歐陸工業三角地帶。本文採用不完全競爭市場結構，探討技術差異與群聚現象之關係。根據本文的發現，決定群聚發生與否之主要關鍵取決於技術差異程度是否足以克服運輸成本（transportation cost）及其他貿易障礙；倘若所有製造業廠商技術相同，則發生群聚現象的機會越大；反之倘若廠商技術不同，則發生群聚現象機會越小。

第一章 緒論.............................................................. 1
第一節 研究背景與動機............................................................ 1
第二節 研究目的............................................................. 2
第三節 研究架構............................................................. 3
第二章 文獻回顧.............................................................. 4
第一節 國際貿易理論的發展....................................... 4
第二節 產業群聚理論相關文獻.................................... 6
第三章 理論模型................................................ 11
第一節 基本模型.................................................11
第二節 自給自足下的均衡....................................... 14
第三節 貿易下的短期均衡與長期均衡............................... 16
第四節 長期均衡下群聚的決定因素.................................. 21
第四章 結論與未來展望........................................... 32
第一節 結論................................................... 32
第二節 未來展望......................................................... 33
參考文獻 ....................................................... 34
圖1 v與τ之關係圖.................................................. 28
圖2 τ與μ之關係圖............................................... 31

參考文獻
一、中文部份

黃登興 （1999），「產業內貿易的形成：台灣紡織業的驗證」，自由中國之工業，
89卷第7期，1-30。

陳彥煌 （2002），「歐洲聯盟擴張之展望：新經濟地理觀」，歐美研究，32卷第2
期，317-340。

二、英文部分

Balassa, Bela (1966), “Tariff Reduction and Trade in Manufactures among the Industrial counties,” American Economic Review, 56, 466-473.

Balassa, Bela (1967), Trade Liberalization among Industrial Countries, McGraw-Hill, New York.

Chow, P., M. Kellman ＆ Shamurove, Y.（1994）, “East Asian NIC Manufactured
Intra-Industry Trade,” Journal of Asian Economics, 5（3）,335-348.

Davis, Ronald R . (1998), “The Home Market, Trade, and Industrial Structure,” American Economic Review, 88, 1264-1276.

Dixit, Avinash K. ＆ Stiglitz, Joseph E. (1977), “Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity,” American Economic Review, 67, 297-308.

Either, W (1982), “National and International Returns to Scale in the Model Theory of International Trade,” American Economic Review, 72, 389-405.

Gary, Peter, (1973), “Two-way International Trade in Manufacturing：A Theoretical Underpinning ,” Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 109, 19-39.

Grubel, Herbert G. (1967), “Intra-industrial Specialization and the Pattern of Trade,” Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, 33, 374-388.

Kemp, Murray (1964), The Pure Theory of International Trade, Prentice-Hall.

Kikuchi,Toru (2001), “A Note no the Distribution of Trade Gains in a Model of
Monopolistic Competition,” Open Economies Review, 12, 415-421.

Krugman, P. (1979), “Increasing Return, Monopolistic Competition and International Trade.” Journal of International Economics, 9, 469-489.

Krugman, P. (1980), “Scale Economies, Product Differentiation, and the Pattern of Trade.” American Economic Review, 70, 950-959.

Krugman, P. (1991a), “History and Industry Location: The Caes of the
Manufacturing Belt,” American Economic Review, 81, 80-83.

Krugman, P. (1991b), Geography and Trade, MIT press.

Krugman, P. (1991c), “Increasing Returns and Economic Geography,” Journal of
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Krugman, P. ＆ Venables, A. J. (1995), “Globalization and Inequality of Nations,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110, 857-880.

Krugman, P. ＆ Venables, A. J. (1996), “Integration, Specialization, and Adjustment,” European Economic Review, 40, 959-967.

Matusz, Steven J. (1996), “International Trade, the Division of Labor, and Unemployment,” International Economic Review, 37, 71-84.

Negishi, Takashi (1972), General Equilibrium Theory and International Trade, North-Holland, Amsterdam.