臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

此篇文章提出雙向零電流切換式電容直流對直流轉換器的新拓撲，利用準共振的技術達到具雙向能量傳輸(順向能量傳輸與逆向能量傳輸)。零電流切換式電容轉換器擁有幾個優點︰低的重量、小的體積、高效率、低的電磁干擾與在開關上有小的電流應力。運用其優點，改進了傳統切換式電容轉換器在開關上所具有的高的電流應力問題。使用四個主要的功率金屬氧化物場效電晶體、串聯小的諧振電感，配合切換式電容的組合，可將雙向轉換器的轉換倍率，由2倍對1/2倍擴展到n倍對1/n倍。
並且依輸入電壓為參考電壓，可將雙向零電流切換式電容直流對直流轉換器分為非反相(non-inverting mode)雙向零電流切換式電容直流對直流轉換器與反相(inverting mode)雙向零電流切換式電容直流對直流轉換器。
本論文詳細說明雙向零電流切換式電容直流對直流轉換器的工作原理及數學模型，運用電腦模擬及實驗結果，驗證此論文所提出的非反相及反相零電流切換式電容直流對直流轉換器的觀念與電路性能。

This paper presents the new topologies of zero-current switching switched-capacitor (ZCS SC) quasi-resonant converters with bi-directional power flow control conversion schemes. It possesses the features of quasi resonant switched-capacitor converters: low weight, small volume, high efficiency, low EMI emission and low current stress. A family of zero-current switching switched-capacitor bi-directional converters is proposed to improve the current stress problem during the bi-directional power flow control processing. They are able to provide the voltage conversion ratios from 2 / (double-mode/half-mode) to n / (n-mode/ mode) by using four power MOSFET main switches and a set of switched-capacitors with a small series connected resonant inductor for non-inverting or inverting modes. The operation principle of converter operation of the proposed bi-directional power conversion scheme is described in detail with circuit model analysis for non-inverting/inverting mode. Simulation and experimental results are carried out to verify the concept and the performance of the proposed non-inverting/inverting ZCS SC bi-directional quasi-resonant converters.

中文摘要........................................................................................................i
英文摘要.......................................................................................................ii
誌 謝......................................................................................................iii
目錄..............................................................................................................iv
表目錄..........................................................................................................vi
圖目錄.........................................................................................................vii
第一章 緒論.................................................................................................1
1.1 前言................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 交換式電容轉換器的發展............................................................................... 1
1.3 雙向直流對直流轉換器................................................................................... 2
1.4 剛性切換與柔性切換技術............................................................................... 4
1.4.1 剛性切換................................................................................................ 4
1.4.2 柔性切換................................................................................................ 5
1.5 本論文的內容安排........................................................................................... 6
第二章 双向零電流切換式電容直流對直流轉換器分析.........................8
2.1 交換式電容轉換器簡介................................................................................... 8
2.1.1 交換式電容轉換器簡介........................................................................ 8
2.2 雙向零電流切換式電容直流對直流轉換器................................................. 13
2.3 雙向零電流切換電容式非反相直流對直流轉換器..................................... 14
2.3.1 雙向零電流切換電容式非反相n 倍與1/n 倍直流對直流轉換器... 14
2.3.2 順向n 倍壓功率傳輸模式.................................................................. 14
2.3.3 逆向1/n 倍壓功率傳輸模式............................................................... 17
2.4 非反相雙向零電流切換式電容3 倍對1/3 倍直流轉換器動作原理.......... 19
2.4.1 順向3 倍壓功率傳輸模式.................................................................. 19
2.4.2 逆向1/3 倍壓功率傳輸模式............................................................... 20
2.5 反相式雙向零電流切換式電容直流對直流轉換器..................................... 21
2.5.1 順向-n 倍壓功率傳輸模式.................................................................. 22
2.5.2 逆向-1/n 倍壓功率傳輸模式............................................................... 24
2.6 反相式雙向零電流切換式電容-2 倍對-1/2 直流對直流倍轉換器分析..... 26
第三章 驅動電路的分析與設計...............................................................30
3.1 功率MOSFET 的閘極(gate)結構.................................................................. 30
3.1.1 驅動能量與驅動功率.......................................................................... 31
3.1.2 驅動電流.............................................................................................. 31
3.2 功率MOSFET 的驅動方式........................................................................... 32
3.2.1 非隔離型驅動...................................................................................... 32
3.2.2 隔離型驅動.......................................................................................... 35
3.3 驅動電路的設計............................................................................................. 36
第四章 雙向零電流切換式電容直流對直流轉換器設計.......................40
4.1 前言................................................................................................................. 40
4.2 功率二極體..................................................................................................... 40
4.3 功率MOSFET ................................................................................................ 40
4.4 磁性材料......................................................................................................... 41
4.5 双向零電流切換式電容直流對直流轉換器設計......................................... 42
4.5.1 非反相雙向零電流切換式電容直流對直流轉換器設計.................. 42
4.5.2 反相雙向零電流切換式電容直流對直流轉換器設計...................... 50
4.6 本章結論......................................................................................................... 57
第五章 双向零電流切換式電容直流對直流轉換器設計與實驗..........58
5.1 前言................................................................................................................. 58
5.2 非反相双向零電流切換式電容4 倍對1/4 倍直流轉換器模擬與量測...... 58
5.3 非反相双向零電流切換式電容3 倍對1/3 倍直流轉換器模擬與量測...... 61
5.4 非反相双向零電流切換式電容2 倍對1/2 倍直流轉換器模擬與量測...... 61
5.5 反相双向零電流切換式電容倍直流對直轉換器模擬與量測..................... 64
5.6 反相雙向零電流切換式電容-1 倍對1 倍直流轉換器的模擬與量測......... 65
5.7 LLC 串聯諧振直流對直流轉換器.................................................................. 68
5.8 本章結論......................................................................................................... 72
第六章 結論...............................................................................................73
6.1 結論................................................................................................................. 73
6.2 對未來的研究方向......................................................................................... 73
參考文獻.....................................................................................................74
作者簡介.....................................................................................................77

[1] W. C. Wu and R. M. Bass, “Analysis of Charge Pumps Using Charge Balance,” IEEE PESC'00, 31th Annual Meeting, Vol. 3, pp. 1491-1496, 2000.
[2] Y. P. B. Yeung, K. W. E. Cheng and D. Sutanto, “Multiple and Fractional Voltage Conversion Rations for Switched- Capacitor Resonant Converters,” IEEE PESC'01, 32th Annual Meeting, Vol. 3, pp. 1289-1294, 2001.
[3] Y. C. Lin and D. C. Liaw, “Parametric Study of A Resonant Switched Capacitor DC-DC Converter,” IEEE TENCON'01, Vol. 2, pp. 710-716, 2001.
[4] F. Z. Peng, F. Zhang and Z. Qian, “A Magnetic-Less DC-DC Converter for Dual Voltage Automotive Systems,” IEEE, 37th IAS Annual Meeting, Vol. 2, pp. 1303-1310, 2002.
[5] K. Wang, C.Y. Lin, L. Zhu, D. Qu, F. C. Lee, and J. S. Lai, “Bi-directional DC to DC Converters for Fuel Cell Systems,” Power Electronics in Transportation, pp. 47-51, 1998.
[6] Y. S. Lee and G. T. Cheng, “ZCS Bi-directional DC-to-DC Converter Application in Battery Equalization for Electric Vehicle,” IEEE PESC'04, 35th Annual Meeting, Aachen, Germany, Vol. 2, pp. 2766-2772, 2004.
[7] Z. R. Martinez and B. Ray, “Bidirectional DC/DC Power Conversion Using Constant Frequency Multi-Resonant Topology,” IEEE APEC'94, 9th Annual Meeting, Vol. 2, pp. 991-997, 1994.
[8] H. L. Chan, K. W. E. Cheng and D. Sutanto, “Phase-Shift Controlled DC-DC Converter with Bi-directional Power Flow,” IEE Proc.-Electr. Power Appl, Vol. 148, pp. 193-201, 2001.
[9] H. S. H. Chung and W. C. Chow, “Development of A Switched-Capacitor DC/DC Converter with Bidirectional Power Flow,” IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems-I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, Vol. 47, No. 9, pp. 1383-1389, 2000.
[10] H. S. H. Chung and W. L. Cheung, “Generalized Structure of Bi-directional Switched-Capacitor DC/DC Converter,” IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems-I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, Vol. 50, No. 6, pp. 743-753, 2003.
[11] K. W. E. Cheng, “Zero-Current-Switching Switched-Capacitor Converters,” IEE Proc. Elec. Power Appl, Vol. 148, pp. 403-409, 2001.
[12] K.K. Law, K.W.E. Cheng and Y.P.B. Yeung, “Design and Analysis of Switched-Capacitor-Based Step-Up Resonant Converters,” IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems-I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, Vol. 52, No. 6, pp. 943-948, 2005.
[13] Lim Wonseok, Choi Byungcho and Kang Yonghan, “Control Design and Closed-Loop Analysis of A Switched-Capacitor DC-to-DC Converter,” IEEE PESC'01, 32th Annual Meeting, Vol. 3, pp. 1295-1300, 2001.
[14] K.W.E. Cheng, “Zero-Current-Switching Switched-Capacitor Converters,” IEE Proceedings Electric Power Applications, Vol. 148, pp. 403-409, 2001.
[15] Liu Jian, Chen Zhiming and Du. Zhong, “A New Design of Power Supplies for Pocket Computer Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 228-235, 1998.
[16] H. Chung and Y.K. Mok, “Development of A Switched-Capacitor DC/DC Boost Converter With Continuous Input Current Waveform,” IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems-I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, Vol. 46, No. 6, pp. 756-759, 1999.
[17] Chen Jun and A. Ioinovici, “Switching-Mode DC-DC Converter With Switched-Capacitor-Based Resonant Circuit,” IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems-I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, Vol. 43, No. 11, pp. 933-938, 1996.
[18] G. Casinovi, “Effect of The Switching Order on Power Dissipation in Switched-Capacitor Circuits,” IEEE Trans. Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, Vol. 20, No. 12, pp. 1389-1397, 2000.
[19] B.R. Gregoire, “A Switched Capacitor Regulated Charge Pump Power Supply,” Proceedings of Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, Vol. 46, pp. 755-758, 2005.
[20] P. Chhawchharia, D.K.W. Cheng, Y.S. Lee, “On the Reduction of Component Count in Switched Capacitor DC/DC Convertors,” IEEE PESC'97, 28th Annual Meeting, Vol. 2, pp. 1395-1401, 1997.
[21] A.K.P. Viraj, “Analysis of Switched Capacitor DC-DC Step Down Converter,” Proceedings of the International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Vol. 5, pp. V-836 - V-839, 2004.
[22] G.A. Kobzev, “Switched-Capacitor Systems for Battery Equalization,” Proceedings of the VI International Scientific and Practical Conference of Students on Modern Techniques and Technology, pp. 57-59, 2000.
[23] F.C. Lee, R.L. Lin, “Single-Power-Supply-Based Transformerless IGBT/MOSFET Gate Driver with 100% High-Side Turn-on Duty Cycle Operation Performance Using Auxiliary Bootstrapped Charge Pumper,” IEEE PESC'97, 28th Annual Meeting, Vol. 52, pp. 1205-1209, 1997.
[24] J.B. Kuo and J.H.T. Chen, “Ultra-Low-Voltage SOI CMOS Inverting Driver Circuit Using Effective Charge Pump Based on Bootstrap Technique,” IEE Electronics Letters, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 183-185, 2003.
[25] 山崎浩， Power MOSFET 應用技術，全華科技圖書股份有限公司， 2004。
[26] 原田耕介，新型柔性切換式電源技術入門，全華科技圖書股份有限公司， 2003。
[27] 鄭大森， Pspice視窗版Design Center在電力電子上的應用，全華科技圖書股份有限公司， 2002。
[28] R.B. Ridley, W.A. Lee, F.C.Y. and V. Vorperian, “Multi-Loop Control for Quasi-Resonant Converters,” IEEE PESC'91, 22th Annual Meeting, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 28-38, 1991.
[29] H.S.H. Chung, S.Y.R. Hui, S.C. Tang, “Development of Low-Profile DC/DC Converter Using Switched-Capacitor Circuits and Coreless PCB Gate Drive,” IEEE PESC'99, 30th Annual Meeting, Vol. 1, pp. 48-51, 1999.
[30] A. Ioinovici and Zhu. Guangyong, “Switched-Capacitor Power Supplies: DC Voltage Ratio, Efficiency, Ripple, Regulation,” IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Vol. 1, pp. 553-556, 1996.