臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本篇論文主要討論19世紀幾場重要戰爭和德意志國家概念建立的相互關連，討論範圍自8世紀德意志史開始，止於1871年德意志帝國的建立。
　　主要內容包括：在第二章「德意志國家概念之演變」中界定何謂國家概念？何謂德意志？以及敘述宗教分裂爲德意志地區內部帶來嚴重的意識形態衝突。第三章「戰爭和德意志國家概念的互動」分析從19世紀以來德意志國家意識的逐漸形成開始到1860年代之前，德意志地區分別有哪些利和不利於民族和國家的統一歷史條件？並探討為何此時仍然無法建立一統的新國家。第四章「德意志統一的三場戰爭」一方面敘述德丹戰爭、普奧戰爭、德法戰爭三場戰爭、以及普魯士如何統一德意志地區的史實，包括戰爭發生的原因、外交環境、過程、效果等。另一方面也將分析三場戰爭和德意志國家概念之間的關聯性。
　　本文試圖證明由俾斯麥發動的三場德意志統一戰爭，是完成德意志民族和國家統一的關鍵，並希望藉由戰爭名稱翻譯的不同，以德意志歷史的視野重新詮釋這三場戰爭的意義。

謝辭 …………………………………………………………………………… v
摘要 …………………………………………………………………………… ix
第一章　緒論 ………………………………………………………………… 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 …………………………………………………….. 1
第二節 參考文獻和相關研究之回顧 ……………………………………….. 4
第三節 研究方法和章節說明 ……………………………………………….. 13
第二章 德意志國家概念之演變 …………………………………………….. 17
第一節 國家概念的定義 …………………………………………………….. 17
一、 概述德意志國家認同的轉變 .…………………………………………... 18
二、 現代意義的國家概念 …………………………………………………… 19
第二節 神聖羅馬帝國時期的德意志地區 ………………………………….. 22
一、 從法蘭克王國到神聖羅馬帝國 ………………………………………… 23
二、 神聖羅馬帝國時期的國家概念 ………………………………………… 25
第三節 宗教分裂和三十年戰爭 …………………………………………….. 30
一、 馬丁路德的宗教改革及其影響 ………………………………………… 30
二、 三十年戰爭和西發里亞和約的影響 …………………………………… 35
第三章 戰爭和德意志國家概念的互動 …………………………………….. 43
第一節 拿破崙統治德意志地區及其影響 …………………………………. 43
一、 聯盟戰爭和德意志民族的解放戰爭 ……………………………………. 44
二、 1792-1815年間的政治變動 ……………………………………………. 51
第二節 1815-1848年間的政經發展 ………………………………………... 57
一、 1850年代以前的民族運動 ……………………………………………... 57
二、 關稅同盟及其影響 ………………………………………………………. 60
第三節 大小德意志路線之爭 ………………………………………………... 65
一、 大、小德意志路線 ………………………………………………………. 65
二、 小德意志方案的受挫 ……………………………………………………. 68
第四章 德意志統一的三場戰爭 ……………………………………………... 73
第一節 統一戰爭前的情勢 …………………………………………………... 73
一、 戰爭和大德意志路線的式微 ……………………………………………. 74
二、 普魯士的憲政危機和俾斯麥上台 ………………………………………. 80
第二節 丹麥戰爭 ……………………………………………………………... 85
一、 什列斯威－霍爾斯坦問題 ………………………………………………. 85
二、 德丹戰爭及其影響 ………………………………………………………. 88
第三節 小德意志路線的勝利：普奧戰爭 …………………………………... 93
一、 普奧戰爭 …………………………………………………………………. 94
二、 普奧戰爭後的德意志地區 ………………………………………………. 98
第四節 德法戰爭和南北德的合併 …………………………………………... 102
一、 德意志內部的整合 ………………………………………………………..102
二、 德法戰爭 …………………………………………………………………..106
第五章 結論 ……………………………………………………………………113
參考書目 ………………………………………………………………………..119

【英文部分】

19世紀的史料和歷史著作（英譯本）
俾斯麥的自傳
Bismarck, Otto von, The Memoirs: Being the Reflections and Reminiscences of Otto Prince von Bismarck, Written and Dictated by Himself after his Retirement from Office. New York: H. Fertig, 1966.

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Treitschke, Heinrich von, Origins of Prussianism. New York : Hawoard Fertig, 1969.
　　
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論文
Armstrong, Sinclair W., “The Social Democrats and the Unification of Germany, 1863-71,”The Journal of Modern History, Vol.12. No.4. (Dec., 1940), pp.485-509.
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Historical Maps of Germany, 1241-1877
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Wikipedia-English
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【中文部分】

譯作
Abrams, Lynn，鄭明萱譯，《俾斯麥與德意志帝國》（Bismarck and the
German Empire）。台北：麥田，2000。
Anderson, Benedict R. O’Gorman，吳叡人譯，《想像的共同體：民族主義的起源與散布》（Imagined Communities: Rlections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism），台北：時報文化，1999年。
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb，馬采譯，《馬采譯文集。德國哲學家費希特演講錄：告德意志國民》，廣州市：廣東人民，2000。
Gellner, Emest，李金梅譯，《國族主義》（Nationalism），台北：聯經出版社，2001年。
Hobsbawn, Eric，李金梅譯，《民族與民族主義》（Nations and nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Realit.），台北：麥田出版社，1997年。

中文參考資料
書目
王任光，《中古歐洲史上之政教關係》。台北：商務，1972。
王任光，《西洋中古史》。台北：國編館，1979。
王曾才，《西洋近世史》。台北：三民，1976。
周惠民，《德國史》。台北：三民，2003。
洪丁福，《德國的分裂與統一：從俾斯麥到柯爾》。台北市：臺灣商務，1984。
張麟徵，《近代國際關係史》。台北：楊智文化，2002。
賀麟，《德國三大哲人歌德、黑格爾、費希特的愛國主義》。北京：商務，1989。　　　

學位論文
王湘傎，《1789-1815日耳曼地區民族主義的研究》，台北：輔仁大學歷史研究所碩士論文，1995。
梁立文，《俾斯外交政策之研究》，台北：輔仁大學歷史研究所碩士論文，2002。
莊尚武，《日耳曼一八四八年革命與其統一運動之研究》，台北：輔仁大學歷史研究所碩士論文，1973。
蔡義雄，《德意志統一運動之研究（1850-1871）》，台北：國立台灣師範大學三民主義研究所碩士論文，1989。
盧明燕著，《德意志帝國的建立與普法戰爭》，台北：輔仁大學歷史研究所碩士論文，1989。

期刊和會議論文
孔慶榛，〈普魯士統一德意志道路問題淺析〉《世界史》。北京：中國人民大學書報資料中心，第7期，1989年，頁47-50。
周惠民，〈近代德意志國家的形成〉《「歐洲的德國整合與距離」研討會會議論文》。高雄：國立高雄第一科技大學，2003。
周惠民，〈蘭克與「普魯士中心論」的形成〉《輔大歷史學報》。新莊：輔仁大學歷史系，2005，頁5-32。
徐健，〈關稅同盟與德國民族統一〉《世界史》。北京：中國人民大學書報資料中心，第7期，1998，頁75-82。
莊尚武，〈俾斯麥與丹麥戰爭〉《食貨月刊》。台北市：食貨月刊社，第6卷，第10期，1972，頁574-591
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