臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來，由於產業環境變化快速，促使傳統的組織型態已無法有效反應市場需求。為此，企業逐漸發展出以團隊的工作型態，適時回應環境變遷與顧客需求。而目前企業紛紛採用專案團隊以提昇企業之競爭優勢。其中專案團隊之領導者，即專案經理人扮演極為重要的角色，因其居於專案團隊中最具有影響之關鍵地位。換言之，專案經理人為專案發展的樞紐人物，其管理技能、領導型態、及領導角色，可能透過對團隊成員的影響，進而對專案績效產生效應。因此面對團隊的多元性與相互依存關係，專案經理人需整合領導行為，方能提昇專案績效。故本研究主要為在於探討專案組織形式中，專案經理人的特性、專案領導行為及專案團隊成員互動對專案績效之影響關係。本研究採問卷調查方式，以台北、桃園地區執行專案組織企業之專案經理人與專案成員為實證研究對象，共發放260份問卷，有效回收問卷為202份，有效回收率約78%。本研究之資料分析係先以SPSS11.0進行探索性因素分析；再利用線性結構關係模式（Linear Structure Relation, LISREL）對專案經理人特性、專案領導行為、專案團隊成員互動與專案績效作一整合驗證性之研究，以探討此四項構面間之因果關係，即驗證本研究之各項假設與推論，期以作為企業在執行專案實務時之參考。本研究結果發現：
1. 專案經理人特性對專案績效具有正向關係。
2. 專案經理人特性對專案團隊成員互動具有正向關係。
3. 專案領導行為對專案績效不具有顯著關係。
4. 專案領導行為對專案團隊成員互動具有正向關係。
5. 專案團隊成員互動與專案績效具有正向關係。

In the recent years, the rapid change of the industrial environment has forced the companies to adapt their traditional organization types to meet the market. Therefore, the enterprises have been accepting the concept of teamwork to response the environmental requirements. And most companies adopt project teams as a way to promote competitive advantage. However, the project leaders or project managers play important roles since they are in a key position to influence the project team. In other words, the project manager is a pivot of project development whose managerial capability, leadership type and leadership role may have impact on project performance through team interactions. Therefore, facing with the diversity and interdependence of the team, the project managers are in need of applying appropriately leadership behavior theories to enhance project performance. This research attempts to explore the relationships among characteristics of project managers, project leadership behavior and team interaction on the effect of project performance. The survey samples of the research are the enterprises with project organizations located in Taipei and Taoyuan. 260 questionnaires are given to the project managers and members. 202 valid questionnaires are received with about 78% returned rate. This data is first analyzed by exploratory factor analysis through SPSS11.0 statistical software. Then, the research employs LISREL (Linear Structure Relation) to investigate the cause-effect relationships among characteristics of project managers, project leadership behavior, team interaction and project performance and verify the hypotheses from the research. The inferences and implications drawn from the research conclusions are provided to the enterprises while implementing projects in practice. The results show as follows:
1. Characteristics of project managers are positively related to project performance.
2. Characteristics of project managers are positively related to interactions of the project team.
3. Project leadership behaviors have no significant influences on project performance.
4. Project leadership behaviors are positively related to interactions of project team.
5. Interactions of the project team are positively related to project performance.

目　　錄
誌　　謝 I
中文摘要 II
英文摘要 III
目　　錄 V
表　　次 VII
圖　　次 IX
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 3
第三節 研究範圍 4
第四節 研究流程 4
第五節 研究限制 6
第二章 文獻探討 8
第一節 專案的定義與特性 8
第二節 專案經理人 10
第三節 專案領導行為 18
第四節 專案團隊成員互動 26
第五節 專案績效 35
第六節 研究假設 41
第三章 研究方法 46
第一節 研究架構 46
第二節 研究變數操作型定義與衡量 47
第三節 問卷設計與抽樣設計 52
第四節 資料分析方式 55
第四章 資料分析結果 59
第一節 敍述性統計分析 59
第二節 各構面因素分析及信度與效度分析 63
第三節 相關性分析 75
第四節 LISREL模式之分析 76
第五章 結論與建議 92
第一節 研究結論 92
第二節 管理實務意涵 94
第三節 未來研究方向與建議 95
參考文獻 97
附錄一　預試問卷 106
附錄二　正式問卷 111

表　　次
表 2-1　專案經理人特性相關之研究 17
表 2-2　交易型領導、轉型領導與技術型領導理論架構彙整 23
表 2-3　交易型領導與轉換型領導的理念加以比較 24
表 2-4　專案團隊定義 29
表 2-5　團隊成員之間的互動行為 34
表 2-6　專案績效之衡量構面與指標 40
表 3-1　本研究之研究變數與操作型定義 51
表 3-2　樣本基本資料之分析彙整 54
表 4-1　專案經理人特性之平均數與標準差 60
表 4-2　專案領導行為之平均數與標準差 61
表 4-3　專案團隊成員互動之平均數與標準差 62
表 4-4　專案績效之平均數與標準差 62
表 4-5　專案經理人特性之預試因素分析 64
表 4-6　專案領導行為之預試因素分析 65
表 4-7　專案團隊成員互動之預試因素分析 65
表 4-8　專案績效之預試因素分析 66
表 4-9　專案經理人特性之因素分析 66
表 4-10　專案領導行為之因素分析 67
表 4-11　專案團隊成員互動之因素分析 68
表 4-12　專案績效之因素分析 68
表 4-13　專案經理人特性之驗證性因素分析 69
表 4-14　專案領導行為之驗證性因素分析 70
表 4-15　專案團隊成員互動之驗證性因素分析 71
表 4-16　專案績效之驗證性因素分析 71
表 4-17　本研究各構面驗證性因素分析之模式配適度 72
表 4-18　本研究各變數的Cronbach’s 73
表 4-19　本研究潛在變數之組成信度 74
表 4-20　本研究各構面之平均變異抽取量 75
表 4-21　各構面變數之Pearson相關分析 76
表 4-22　LISREL模式參數表 79
表 4-23　LISREL配適度指標之評鑑準則 81
表 4-24　基本配適度分析 83
表 4-25　模式內在結構配適度分析 84
表 4-26　整體模式配適度分析 85
表 4-27　模式配適度評鑑表 86
表 4-28　各變數間的因徑關係與因徑之估計值 87
表 4-29　研究假設結果彙總 90
表 4-30　整體模式之影響效果 91

圖　　次
圖 1-1　研究流程 6
圖 2-1　轉換型領導與交易型領導之領導模式 25
圖 2-2 不同領導行為對專案績效影響架構圖 26
圖 2-3　Gladstein之團隊行為的一般模型 30
圖 2-4　跨功能團隊成功因素之模型 32
圖 3-1　本研究架構 47
圖 3-2　LISREL分析流程 58
圖 4-1　整體模式因徑圖 78
圖 4-2　LISREL因徑關係結構圖 88

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