臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文提出改良式雙複數解調混合式演算法作為諧波及閃爍分析工具，並結合虛擬儀測系統及智慧型手機，建構行動式電力品質監測平台。此監測平台以通用無線封包通訊數據服務無線網路作為傳輸媒介，並以J2ME設計合適之智慧型行動電話圖形化介面，使運轉人員藉由行動式遠端監測在離開工作崗位時，仍可有效地掌握線上電力品質狀況。目前已完成之諧波及閃爍檢測功能，包括（1）即時波形及頻譜分析，（2）長時間總諧波失真率及 走勢監測。另外，電壓走勢及頻率走勢等一般電力品質指標項目，也涵蓋在裡面。建構完成之系統雛形，經實驗室及各種實地測試，結果證實，所提混合式演算法確實具有較好的準確度及計算效率。儀測伺服端量測結果，可以經由所建立之通訊平台，於智慧型行動電話上顯示。在花費成本及訊息傳遞延遲方面之數據，也證實GPRS通訊方式具有可行性及實用性。

This thesis proposes an FFT-EDTCS-CWT hybrid algorithm to effectively calculate harmonics and flicker, then a virtual instrumentation system and a mobile communication platform are built up to implement the remote monitoring of the power quality in harmonic and flicker indices. The platform uses GPRS as wireless communication medium, and the human-machine interface of the intelligent mobile phone is implemented by J2ME. The proposed mobile instrument system for remote power quality monitoring makes the supervisor of a power network conveniently acquire the real-time information about the power quality when he is not at the monitoring and control center. The functions of the instrumentation system include（1）real-time waveform and spectrum analysis and（2） long-term THD- and - trend monitoring. Besides, the general power components（such as voltage and frequency）instrum- entations can be also accomplished by the system. The built-up prototype of the system was tested inside and outside the laboratory. The test results show that the hybrid algorithm can obtain more accurate harmonic and flicker computations but spending less time, and the information of the virtual instrument at the server side can be correctly displayed on the mobile phone through the developed communication platform. The cost and the delay of the GPRS wireless communication validate the availability and the feasibility of the mobile communication platform for remote power quality monitoring.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
誌謝 IV
目錄 V
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究方法與貢獻 3
1.3 論文內容大綱 5
第二章 電力品質指標與量測 6
2.1 電力品質指標 6
2.1.1 諧波 6
2.1.2 閃爍 11
2.2 諧波與閃爍量測 14
2.2.1 改良式雙複數解調頻率演算法 14
2.2.2 混合式諧波及閃爍演算法 16
2.2.3 儀測系統 17
第三章 行動網路通訊平台 19
3.1 行動網路 19
3.1.1 演進過程 21
3.1.2 計費方式及特色 23
3.2 通用無線封包通訊數據服務 26
3.2.1系統架構 27
3.2.2 行動終端設備 29
3.2.3 服務提供者及設定 31
3.3 應用服務 34
第四章 遠端監測平台 36
4.1 系統架構 36
4.2 儀測及伺服系統 38
4.3 行動端監測平台 39
4.3.1 行動手持式設備 40
4.3.2 作業系統 41
4.3.3 Panasonic X700概述 44
4.3.4 開發程式環境 47
4.3.4.1 J2ME平台架構 47
4.3.4.2 連線限制裝置設定與行動資訊裝置平台 49
4.3.4.3 小型移動資訊裝置程式 51
第五章 測試結果 53
5.1 資料傳輸性能測試 53
5.1.1 實驗室測試 53
5.1.1.1 花費成本 55
5.1.1.2 延遲時間 56
5.1.2 遠距試驗 58
5.1.3 路測試驗 59
5.2 實際量測結果 59
5.2.1 諧波 60
5.2.1.1 電壓及頻率 63
5.2.1.2 諧波頻譜 64
5.2.1.3 電壓走勢 65
5.2.1.4 頻率走勢 66
5.2.1.5 總諧波失真率走勢 67
5.2.1.6 統計資料 68
5.2.2 電壓閃爍 69
5.2.2.1 電壓閃爍頻譜 71
5.2.2.2 等效10Hz閃爍成份走勢 72
5.2.2.3 統計資料 73
5.3 結果分析與討論 74
第六章 結論及未來展望 76
6.1 結論 76
6.2 未來展望 77
参考文獻 79
附錄 85
附錄A 85
附錄B 88
作者簡介 90









表目錄
表2-1 電力品質特性及分類 7
表2-2 台電公司責任分界點諧波電壓管制暫行標準 10
表2-3 IEEE Std.519-1992電壓諧波管制標準 10
表2-4 採用 作為管制標準之國家及限制值 13
表2-5 傳統儀表與虛擬儀表的比較表 18
表3-1 傳統有線網路與行動網路的比較表 20
表3-2 各種行動電話系統的演進過程 23
表3-3 GSM與GPRS比較表 26
表3-4 各電信業者推出GPRS服務方案表 32
表3-5 各電信業者GPRS連線設定参考表 32
表4-1 手機、PDA和Smartphone功能比較表 41
表4-2 市場主要兩大智慧型手機作業系統 42
表4-3 核心作業系統版本及功能特色 44
表4-4 Panasonic X700規格及特色 46
表4-5 MIDP2.0定義的延伸套件 50
表5-1 監測封包傳輸之統計及平均數據資料 55
表5-2 諧波資料花費評估 56
表5-3 評估整月傳輸量及花費成本 56
表5-4 不同據點之資料傳輸性能 58
表5-5 移動中資料傳輸性能 59



圖目錄
圖2.1 典型含諧波成份之波形 8
圖2.2 典型含諧波成份之電壓波形 12
圖2.3 視感度曲線 13
圖2.4 FFT-EDTCS-CWT混合式演算法流程圖 17
圖3.1 行動網路與網際網路及行動通訊的關係 19
圖3.2 GSM標準制定演進過程 22
圖3.3 電路交換用於資料傳輸所佔用時槽 25
圖3.4 電路交換與分封交換連線比較 25
圖3.5 分封交換概念圖 27
圖3.6 GSM/GPRS整體架構圖 29
圖3.7 MS（MS=TE+MT）硬體架構圖 30
圖3.8 GPRS modem 上網設定流程圖 33
圖3.9 Smartphone上網設定流程圖 34
圖4.1 系統架構圖 37
圖4.2 軟體架構圖 37
圖4.3 單筆諧波資料格式 39
圖4.4 單筆閃爍資料格式 39
圖4.5 行動端監測平台架構圖 40
圖4.6 Panasonic X700智慧型手機外觀 46
圖4.7 J2ME架構圖 47
圖4.8 開發MIDlet應用程式循環流程圖 52
圖5.1 單筆資料之封包傳送與回應IP分配情形 54
圖5.2 Client端下載封包部份內容範例 54
圖5.3 單筆資料封包傳送之時間延遲情形 57
圖5.4 單筆資料傳輸量傳送之時間延遲情形 57
圖5.5 單筆資料封包傳遞間延遲時間情形 57
圖5.6 應用程式下載途徑示意圖 60
圖5.7 伺服下載頁面 60
圖5.8 諧波分析之應用程式 61
圖5.9 諧波分析執行選單畫面 62
圖5.10 典型測試結果 63
圖5.11 諧波量測之典型結果 64
圖5.12 電壓走勢量測之典型結果 65
圖5.13 頻率走勢量測之典型結果 66
圖5.14 總諧波失真率走勢量測之典型結果 67
圖5.15指標資料紀錄之結果 68
圖5.16 電壓閃爍分析執行選單畫面 70
圖5.17 電壓閃爍量測之典型結果 71
圖5.18 等效10Hz閃爍成份走勢量測之典型結果 72
圖5.19 指標資料紀錄之結果 73

[ 1]R. C. Dugan, M. F. McGranaghan, and H. W. Beaty, Electrical Power Systems Quality, McGraw-Hill International Editions, 2000.
[ 2]E. W. Gumther and H. Mehta, "A Survey of Distribution System Power Quality- Preliminary Results," IEEE Trans. on PWRD, Vol.10, No.1, Jan. 1995, pp.322-329.
[ 3]L. G. Grainger and R. C. Spencer, "Residual Harmonics in Voltage Unbalanced Power Systems," IEEE Trans. on IA, Vol.30, No.5, Sep./Oct. 1994, pp.1398-1405.
[ 4]M. B. Hughes and J. S. Chan, "Distribution Customer Power Quality Experience," IEEE Trans. on IA, Vol.29, No.6, Nov./Dec. 1993, pp.1204-1211.
[ 5]B. Bhargava, "Arc Furance Flicker Measurement and Control," IEEE Trans. on PWRD, Vol.8, No.1, Jan. 1993, pp.400-410.
[ 6]A. E. Emanuel, J. A. Orr, D. Cyganski, and E. M. Gulachenski, "A Survey of Harmonic Voltages and Currents at the Customer Bus," IEEE Trans. on PWRD, Vol.8, No.1, Jan. 1993, pp.411-421.
[ 7]IEEE Standard 519-1992, IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power System, April 1993.
[ 8]IEC 1000-3-2 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), "Part 3 Limits- Section 2 Limit for Harmonic Current Emission (Equipment Input Current 16A per phase)," 1995.
[ 9]IEC 1000-3-4 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), "Part 3 Limits- Section 4 Limits for Harmonic Current Emissions (Equipment Input Greater than 16A per Phase)," 1995.
[10]IEC 1000-3-3 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), "Part 3 Limits- Section 3 Limitation of Voltage Fluctuations and Flicker in Low-Voltage Power Supply Systems for Equipment with Rated Current 16A," 1994.
[11]IEC 1000-3-5 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), "Part 3 Limits- Section 5 Limitation of Voltage Fluctuations and Flicker in Low-Voltage Power Supply Systems for Equipment with Rated Current 16A," 1994.
[12]M. T. Chen, C. W. Lu, Y. X. Tzeng, and W. W. Chen, "Prototype Design of a Web-Based Instrumentation System for Real-time Remote Power Quality Monitoring," Proceedings of the 25th Symposium on Electrical Power Engineering, Taiwan, Nov. 2004, pp.1200-1205.
[13]J. F. Huber, "Mobile Next Generation Networks," IEEE Trans. on Multimedia, Vol.11, Issue 1, Jan.-March 2004, pp.72-83.
[14]U. Varshney, R. J. Vetter, and R. Kalakota, "Mobile Commerce: A New Frontier," IEEE Trans. on Computer, Vol.33, Oct. 2000, pp.32-38.
[15]ETSI/TC, "Digital Cellular Telecommunications System (Phase 2+); General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Service Description; Stage 1 (GSM 02.60 version 7.2.0 release 1999)," Tech. Rep. Rec. GSM 02.60.
[16]ETSI/TC, "Digital Cellular Telecommunications System (Phase 2+); General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Service Description; Stage 2 (GSM 03.60 version 7.0.0 release 1999)," Tech. Rep. Rec. GSM 03.60.
[17]3GPP, "General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Service Description," Tech. spec. 3GPP TS 23.060 v3.12.0, Jun. 2002.
[18]Q. Ma, H. Zhou, Q. Yu, and R. Kong, "Realizing MPEG4 Video Transmission Based on Mobile Station over GPRS," IEEE Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, Vol.2, Sept. 2005, pp.1287-1290.
[19]O. Rashid, R. Thompson, P. Coulton, and R. Edwards, "A Comparative Study of Mobile Application Development in Symbian and J2ME Using Example of a Live Football Results Service Operating Over GPRS," IEEE Consumer Electronics, Jan. 2004, pp.203-207.
[20]S. N. Fabri, A. Kondoz, S. Tatesh, and C. Demetrescu, "Proposed Evolution of GPRS for the Support of Voice Services," IEE Communications, Vol.146, Issue 5, Oct. 1999, pp.325-300.
[21]C. C. Chung and C. Y. Lee, "Implementation of a Real-Time Monitoring and Analysis Integrated System for Power Systems Using Java," Proceedings of the 25th Symposium on Electrical Power Engineering, Taiwan, Dec. 2004, pp.1487- 1492.
[22]W. T. Tzeng and L. T. Yao, "Switched Capacitor Bank Control System Based on Mobile Communication," Proceedings of the 26th Symposium on Electrical Power Engineering, Dec. 2005, pp.1045-1049.
[23]吳志宏,行動式負載監控系統之研究,國立彰化師範大學工業教育學系博士論文,民國九十三年六月.
[24]李志棋,利用行動通訊建構無線監視及控制系統,國立成功大學航空太空工程學系碩士論文,民國九十三年六月.
[25]何宗哲,利用GPRS無線通訊作為UAV之雙向資料傳輸介面,國立成功大學航空太空工程學系碩士論文,民國九十三年六月.
[26]劉鶴笙,GSM/GPRS無線通信系統於地理位置監控之應用, 國立成功大學航空太空工程學系碩士論文,民國九十一年六月.
[27]侯冠竹,建構於智慧型行動電話平台之電力品質監測,國立成功大學電機工程學系碩士論文,民國九十四年六月.
[28] M. T. Chen, P. K. Chen, C. W. Lu, M. J. Yang, and J. N. Huang, "An Enhanced Power System Frequency Measurement Algorithm and Its Application to Power Quality Monitoring," Proceedings of the 26th Symposium on Electrical Power Engineering, Taiwan, Nov. 2005, pp.483-487.
[29] IEEE Standard 1159-1995, IEEE Recommended Practices for Monitoring Electric Power Quality, June 1995.
[30]R. C. Dugan, M. F. McGranaghan, and H. W. Beaty, Electrical Power Systems Quality, 2 Edition, McGraw-Hill, Nov. 2002.
[31]江榮城,電力品質實務（一）,全華科技圖書股份有限公司, 民國九十年五月.
[32]J. Arrillaga, N. R. Watson, and S. Chen, Power System Quality Assessment, John Wiley & Sons, April 2000.
[33]ANSI/IEEE Standard 100-1977, IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronic Terms, 1977.
[34]M. T. Chen, "Digital Algorithms for Measurement of Flicker," IEE Proceedings- Generation, Transmission and Distribution, Vol.144, No.2, March 1997, pp.175-180.
[35]呂振文,監測電力品質擾動之儀測技術整合及研究,國立成功大學電機工程學系博士論文,民國九十二年十一月.
[36]余志銘,系統頻率變動對諧波及閃爍量測之效應及補救方法之研究,國立高雄應用科技大學電機工程學系碩士論文,民國九十二年五月.
[37]M. Akke, "Frequency Estimation by Demodulation of Two Complex Signals," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol.12, No.1, Jan. 1997, pp.157-163.
[38]M. T. Chen, Z. M. Yu, K. E. Huang, and K. E. Chan, "Remedy of System Frequency Deviation Effect on DFT-Based Algorithms for Harmonic and Flicker Measurements," Proceedings of the 24th Symposium on Electrical Power Engineering, Taiwan, Nov. 2003, pp.1037-1041.
[39]M. T. Chen , and A. P. S. Meliopoulos, "Wavelet-based Algorithm for Voltage Flicker Analysis," Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power, Vol.2, Oct. 2000, pp.732-738.
[40] http://www.ericsson.com/tw/technology/technologis_az/Mobli e _Internet/GPRS. shtml
[41] 禹帆,無線通訊網路概論,文魁出版社,民國九十二年二月。
[42] C. Andersson, GPRS and 3G Wireless Applications: Professional Developer’s Guide Series, John Wiley & Sons, April 2001.
[43]R. Bud, J. Bates, and R. J. B. Bates, GPRS: General Packet Radio Service, McGraw-Hill, Nov. 2001.
[44] 郭家旭,廖金榮,GPRS行動上網資訊系統設計實務,全華出版社,民國九十二年七月。
[45] D. P. Agrawal, and Q. A. Zeng, Introduction to Wireless and Mobile System, Thomson-Engineering, Aug. 2002.
[46] http://www.symbian.com/developer/index.html
[47] http://www.mobile01.com/topicdetail.php?f=122&t=100671& last=713998
[48]http://www.canalys.com/pr/2006/r2006043.htm
[49]http://www.p-club.com.tw/gsm/gsm_online_X700.asp
[50] http://mobile.yam.com/mobile/productIntro.aspx?pro_no=955
[51]Panasonic X700 user guide.
[52]http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/tw/library/wi-j2me/
[53]微型爪哇人,世界和平,JAVA手機程式開發實務,電腦人文化事業出版社,民國九十三年十一月。
[54]江義華,Java Phone完美經典,金禾出版社,民國九十三年六月。