臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在語言習得的領域裡，母親語言與兒童語言發展的關係，是不少學者投注心力的議題之一。而許多致力於母親語言的研究，又多著重於母親的語言風格及其對兒童語言的影響層面，且絕大多數所分析的語言為英語。因此，本研究經由比較二位說中文的母親語言，深入探討個別母親所表現的語言風格異同，期盼增進對中文的母親語言風格的了解。
首先，本研究所分析的語料，來自於二位母親與其女兒在家中的對話，時間皆為二小時。對談內容和語境，以及所需之輔助事物，皆由母親決定，不受限制。目的在於讓母親享有最大自由，以呈現最自然的語言行為。再者，所採用的語料分析法，是語用層面的言語類型和對話變數。藉此，可觀察母親的言語類型與對話變數特徵，進而歸納出她所傾向之語言風格。
研究結果顯示此二位母親有著相似與相異的言語表現。二位母親在言語類型方面，皆重視孩子的言語大過於行為，而她們較偏好之疑問句為真實問句與測驗問句，亦運用問句提示來協助引導孩子的言語回答。而在對話變數方面，二位母親轉換對話主題的頻率亦相近，顯示她們對於對話主題之轉換，有著不約而同的操作模式。
然而，二位母親對於言語類型的運用，不甚一致。第一位母親對於疑問句和指令句的使用頻率，差異不大;而第二位母親則較常使用疑問句，尤以限制程度較低之疑問句居多。且相較於第二位母親，第一位母親亦使用較多策略以吸引孩子注意。對話變數方面，二位母親的言談模式，亦顯差異。第一位母親較常說話，而第二位母親較傾向於自我獨白和對話掌控。
根據言語類型和對話變數，而歸納出此二位母親的語言風格。第一位母親在對話中，控制與主導的程度較第二位母親為高，而她的語言亦被發現是資訊導向;第二位母親的言語，則比第一位母親更傾向於引發孩子的言談參與，而屬於孩子導向。
因此，藉由說中文的母親於母子言談中的語言使用風格，期盼本研究的呈現，有助於母親語言風格的跨語言(cross-linguistic)研究。

Pages

Acknowledgements …………………………………………………………………iv
List of Figures ………………………………………………………………………viii
List of Tables ………………………………………………………………………ix
Chinese Abstract …………………………………………………………………xi
English Abstract …………………………………………………………………xii

Chapter
1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………1
1.1 Motivation ………………………………………………………1
1.2 The Present Study …………………………………………………3
2. Literature Review ………………………………………………………4
2.1 Child-directed Speech ……………………………………………4
2.2 Caregivers’ Speech and Language Acquisition …………………6
2.3 Maternal Speech Styles ……………………………………………8
2.3.1 McDonald & Pien’s (1982) Study ……………………..11
2.3.2 Olsen-Fulero’s (1982) Study …………………………..13
2.3.3 Saskia Kloth et al.’s (1998) Study ……………………..16
2.4 Comparison of Maternal Speech Styles …………………………..17
3. Methodology …………………………………………………………..24
3.1 Research Questions ………………………………………………..24
3.2 Research Method ………………………………………………..25
3.2.1 The Category System ………………………………..25
3.2.2 Operation of the Category System …………………….35
3.3 Data Collection ……………………………………………….35
3.4 Data Transcription and Analysis ……………………………….37
4. Results ……………………………………………………………….39
4.1 The Speech of JEN’s Mother …………………………………….39
4.1.1 The Speech Category Level ………………………….39
4.1.2 The Conversational Parameter Level ……………….44
4.1.3 JEN’s Mother’s Speech Style ………………………….45
4.2 The Speech of LIN’s Mother …………………………………….46
4.2.1 The Speech Category Level ………………………….46
4.2.2 The Conversational Parameter Level ……………….51
4.2.3 LIN’s Mother’s Speech Style ………………………….52
4.3 Comparison of the Two Mothers’ Speech …………………….53
4.3.1 The Speech Category Level ………………………….53
4.3.2 The Conversational Parameter Level ……………….57
5. Discussion ………………………………………………………….60
5.1 The Two Mothers’ Speech Styles in Relation to
McDonald & Pien (1982) …………………………………….60
5.2 The Two Mothers’ Speech Styles in Relation to
Olsen-Fulero (1982) ………………………………………….62
5.3 The Two Mothers’ Speech Styles in Relation to
Kloth et al. (1998) ……………………………………………….65
6 Conclusion ………………………………………………………….68
6.1 Concluding Remarks ………………………………………….68
6.2 Limitation and Suggestion …………………………………….70
Appendix ………………………………………………………………………….72
References …………………………………………………………………….73

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