臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

臺灣原生及馴化的桑屬植物，可明確鑑定為白桑與小葉桑兩種，其多生長在低地或低、中海拔山地的路旁、林緣開闊地；引進栽培者有大葉桑、垂枝桑、塔桑、明脈桑、黃葉蠶桑、鬼蒙桑、多枝桑、黑桑、長花黑桑、紅桑等10分類群。該屬植物在外部形態上呈現多樣性表現，且易發生雜交現象，基因流與環境交互作用的影響，以致生長在各地區的族群變異形式相當多。歷年各學者對臺灣桑屬植物物種的認定諸多分歧，持有不同的分類處理意見。本研究乃利用RAPD分析臺灣原生及馴化的桑屬植物，綜合比較其形態特徵及物候現象，歸納種化的有關情節以提供系統分類之參考。就其25族群核酸多形性的分析研究結果，可知彼此間的遺傳相似性係數介於0.38~0.89間，大部份變異存在於種內族群的不同個體間，呈現多樣性的遺傳組合及適應特殊變異的生育地環境因子而天擇的結果。由採集研究發現白桑與小葉桑及小葉桑與多枝桑間均有雜交體的出現，其由形態特徵與RAPD分析結果都可證實之。此外，更考究這些植物在吾人日常生活、藥材應用的藥理活性及藥效等經建用途，建立較完整的基本資料庫，期能提供桑屬植物資源開發及永續利用之參考。

The indigenous and naturalized plants of Morus in Taiwan would be identified as the two species: M. alba and M. australis. They often grow in the open fields of lowlands and up to the mountains of median elevation. There are 10 taxa to be introduced and cultivated in Taiwan, i.e., M. alba var. macrophylla, var. pendula, var. pyramidalis, var. venosa; M. bombycis cv. ‘Aurantus’ ; M. mongolica var. diabolica; M. Multicaulis; M. nigra, M. nigra cv. ‘Longiflora’ ; M. rubra. These plants are highly morphologically variable and result in many species complexes distributing widely. Therefore, they are somewhat difficult to identify. Each taxonomist had suggested the different systematic treatments of the Morus plants in Taiwan. In order to understand the mechanism of speciation and the interrelationship among species, we employ the RAPD method to study those plants of 25 populations collected from Taiwan. The RAPD dendrogram reveals the genetic similarity coefficients of them being between 0.38-0.89. Most evolutionary variations mainly appear among the individuals of those plants, and they show different genetic combinations; the different environments of their sites affect their internal genetic genes and derive into the various gene flows. According to the studies of our collecting materials, we could find the hybrids reproduced from the parental species of M. alba and M. australis or M. australis and M. multicaulis. Their occurrence could be supported by the data of their morphological characteristics and RAPD analysis. The economical values and medicinal resources of those plants would also be studied. All results could be used for the sustainable utilization of Morus plant resources in Taiwan.

表次------------------------------------------------------i
圖次-----------------------------------------------------ii
摘要----------------------------------------------------iii
英文摘要-------------------------------------------------iv
前言------------------------------------------------------1
前人研究--------------------------------------------------5
材料與方法-----------------------------------------------16
結果-----------------------------------------------------26
討論-----------------------------------------------------36
引用文獻-------------------------------------------------58
附錄一 臺灣桑屬植物名錄----------------------------------72
附錄二 臺灣桑屬植物25族群RAPD分析之條帶紀錄--------------76

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