臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　隨建即連無線網路﹙Ad Hoc Wireless Networks﹚是一種不需要透過固定於某一定點的網路設備來做路由交換與資料傳送的架構，在它可以傳送的範圍內，每個可以移動的節點都可以自由地互相連絡與通訊，並不需要依賴某一個節點來做控管，因此整個資料傳送的架構可以迅速地建置以因應突發性的狀況與需求。而在節點的通訊和傳輸方面，可以傳送的資料非常繁多，本篇論文主要探討以傳送多媒體影音資訊為主的傳送方式在隨建即連無線網路﹙Ad-hoc Wireless Networks﹚上傳輸品質與效能的分析。由於要實際建置實體的隨建即連無線網路有其相當程度的困難性，因此使用網路模擬軟體﹙Network Simulator － NS2﹚來模擬整個效能分析所需的場景與過程，在隨建即連無線網路的路由協定方面採用AODV、DSDV、DSR，並在其上傳輸MPEG-4多媒體影音格式，整個模擬的場景為500m*500m，節點的個數分別為100、200、300，並採用Random Waypoint和Random Trip Mobility的移動模式，每個節點的移動速率從0 m/sec到20 m/sec不等，整個模擬的過程為470秒。

　　模擬分析方面，在不同的場景及移動模式（Random Waypoint和Random Trip Mobility）下，分別針對不同的Ad hoc路由（AODV、DSDV、DSR）來分析其效能（throughput、packet loss、end-to-end delay、jitter），並將接收端所接收的影像與傳送端原始影像作一比較，分析其PSNR值。藉由這種分析方式，試圖找出在Ad hoc network上能夠穩定且正確傳輸MPEG4視訊影像資料的路由協定。由實驗的結果可以看出適合用於video routing的通訊協定是reactive routing protocol也就是on-demand routing protocol。

　　Ad Hoc wireless network is a special network structure that does not need any centralized access point or existing infrastructure to transfer information or routing exchange. Each mobile node can communication freely and transfer video data to another mobile node in the broadcasting range. They do not need to rely on a certain node to accuse of managing. The whole communication structure can setup rapidly in any emergency and requirement. Even though there is various data type to transfer each other, this thesis focuses on the quality and efficiency of multimedia information that transfer on a Ad Hoc network. It is difficult in building the real construction entity, so the network simulator （NS2） is used. The simulator tool can imitate the whole efficiency to analyse required scene. Using the routing protocols of AODV、 DSDV、DSR on Ad Hoc wireless networks , this study is to transmit the MPEG4 multimedia on it. The scene of the whole simulation is 500m *500m, the number of node is 100 , 200, 300, and the movement ways are Random Waypoint and Random Trip Mobility. The speed of movement is from 0 m/sec to 20 m/sec for each node. The whole simulation time is 470 seconds.

　　Under different scenes and motion patterns (Random Waypoint and Random Trip Mobility ), we aim at different Ad Hoc routing protocols (AODV , DSDV , DSR) to analyze their performance metrics separately. This study compares the video image sending from the server with the client received, and analyzes the PSNR value. The goal tries to find out the best routing protocol that can transfer MPEG4 stable and corrected over the Ad Hoc networks. From the experimental result, it shows that the reactive routing protocol （i.e. on-demand routing protocol）is the best protocol for video routing.

中文摘要................................................................iv
Abstract.................................................................v
誌 謝...................................................................vi
目 錄..................................................................vii
表 目 錄................................................................ix
圖 目 錄.................................................................x

第一章 前言..............................................................1

第二章 動機與目的........................................................3
2.1 動機.................................................................3
2.2 目的.................................................................3

第三章 相關研究..........................................................5
3.1 Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector﹙DSDV﹚........................6
3.2 Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector﹙AODV﹚.............................7
3.3 Dynamic Source Routing（DSR）........................................8
3.4 Random Waypoint Model................................................8
3.5 Random Trip Mobility Model...........................................9
3.6 多媒體影音（MPEG4）..................................................9

第四章 系統設計與架構...................................................11
4.1 模擬場景產生器......................................................11
4.2 多媒體視訊產生方式..................................................16
4.3 模擬程式與過程......................................................19

第五章 模擬分析.........................................................21
5.1 評估項目與影像品質..................................................21
5.2 MPEG4在ad hoc網路上的傳輸分析.......................................23
5.2.1 Random Waypoint模式下的分析.......................................23
5.2.2 Random Trip Mobility模式下的分析..................................28
5.3 影像品質分析........................................................32
5.3.1 Random Waypoint模式下的分析.......................................32
5.3.2 Random Trip Mobility模式下的分析..................................40
第六章 結論與未來工作...................................................50
參考文獻................................................................51

【附錄一】：NS2的模擬程式（wireless_v3.tcl）............................53
【附錄二】：trace file的分析程式（Throughput分析）......................60
【附錄三】：trace file的分析程式（Packet Loss分析）.....................62
【附錄四】：trace file的分析程式（End to End Delay分析）................64
【附錄五】：trace file的分析程式（Jitter分析）..........................68

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