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研究生:楊瑩文
研究生(外文):Ying-Wen Yang
論文名稱:臺灣嘉南平原西南沿海烏腳病地區地下水砷之氧化還原反應
論文名稱(外文):The redox reaction of arsenic in the groundwater of the Blackfoot Disease Area in the Chia-Nan Plain, southwestern Taiwan
指導教授:簡錦樹簡錦樹引用關係
指導教授(外文):Jiin-Shun Chan
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立成功大學
系所名稱:地球科學系碩博士班
學門:自然科學學門
學類:地球科學學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2006
畢業學年度:94
語文別:中文
論文頁數:93
中文關鍵詞:細菌氧化還原嘉南平原地下水烏腳病
外文關鍵詞:Chia-Nan PlaingroundwaterBlackfoot Diseasearsenicredoxbacteria
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:8
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  • 下載下載:135
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:2
本研究在嘉南平原烏腳病流行區採取25處地下水樣,檢測其溫度、酸鹼度、電導度、總懸浮固體、鹽度、重金屬及氧化還原電位,瞭解嘉南平原西南沿海發生烏腳病嚴重地區地下水層中砷的氧化還原反應程度。本研究以感應偶合電漿質譜儀(ICP-MS)分析地下水中重金屬含量,其中含砷濃度為0.015至0.796 mg/l;含鐵濃度為0.152至4.43 mg/l;含錳濃度為0.025至0.901 mg/l;含鍶濃度為0.062至6.22 mg/l。另本研究以離子層析儀(IC)測含砷水樣AsO4-濃度,換算為五價砷濃度,則五價砷分佈範圍為0.0024至0.2467 mg/l,並求地下水樣之三價砷濃度,其分佈範圍為0.0328至 0.7830 mg/l,其中鹽水鎮最高、鹿草鄉最低(低於偵測極限)。證實臺灣嘉南平原西南沿海烏腳病地區地下水層大多屬還原態的三價砷。
本研究的相關性統計分析顯示,本研究區域地下水層中的砷與水深度之間關係,並不相關;同時,發現地下水温度與鹽度為正相關,但與氧化還原電位並無顯著相關性;總溶解固體與導電度、鹽度之間關係,呈負相關;總砷或五價砷或三價砷與酸鹼度、導電度、總溶解固體、鹽度、及氧化還原電位間,彼此並無顯著相關性,與錳、鐵、鍶也没有顯著的相關。另本實驗也進行水樣之菌種DNA萃取、PCR(聚合酶連鎖反應)之16S rRNA基因放大及膠電泳實驗,鑑定出含砷水樣菌種,如Acinetobacter radioresistens、Bacillus benzoevorans、Bacillus circulans、Brevundimonas sp.、Exiguobacterium aestuarii、 Glacial ice bacterium等,同時也與NCBI網站之基因序列比對,建立水樣之親緣關係樹,結果發現鹽水#2、鹽水#4、鹽水#1、將軍#1B、鹿草#1B與六腳#2屬於Exiguobacterium屬;北門#2A屬於Bacillus屬;鹽水#5A屬於Brevundimonas sp;學甲、六腳#1、鹽水#3和義竹#2與Acinetobacter屬、Glacial ice bacterium等菌株之演化距離相近。
The redox reaction of arsenic was investigated in the Blackfoot Disease (BFD) area in the Chia-Nan Plain where twenty-five different sites of groundwater samples were collected and analyzed in this study for temperature, pH, electric conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids, redox potential, and heavy metals (e.g., arsenic, iron, manganese, strontium, etc.) of groundwater. The heavy metals in the groundwater were analyzed by using ICP-MS, in which arsenic, iron, manganese and strontium concentrations were in the ranges of 0.015~0.796 mg/L, 0.152~4.43 mg/L, 0.025~0.901 mg/L and 0.062至6.22 mg/l respectively. The groundwater samples were filtrated and measured for their concentrations of arsenic(V) (0.0024~0.2467 mg/L) and arsenic(III) (0.0328~0.7830 mg/L) through Ion Chromatograph, in which the highest arsenic(III) concentrations occurred in Yenshui of Tainan County and the lowest ones occurred in Lucao of Chiayi County. The experimental results of present study revealed that the reduced the more toxic As(III) in the groundwater of the BFD area in the Chia-Nan Plain were much widely distributed and had higher concentrations in contrast to As(V). The correlation analysis of this study revealed that the arsenic in the groundwater of the study area was not correlated with well depth. The groundwater temperature and electric conductivity were positively correlated with salinity, but not significantly correlated with redox potential. The total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, and salinity were negatively correlated. The total arsenic, As(V) or As(III) with pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, redox potential in groundwater were neither significantly correlated among them nor significantly correlated with iron, manganese and strontium. The some bacterial strains were isolated from these twenty-five groundwater samples in this study, they are Acinetobacter radioresistens,Bacillus benzoevorans, Bacillus circulans, Brevundimonas sp., Exiguobacterium aestuarii, Glacial ice bacterium, etc. The constructed phylogenetic relationship suggests that the bacterial strains isolated from the groundwater samples of Yenshui#2, Yenshui#4, Yenshui#1, Jiangjing#1B, Lucao#1B, Liujiao#2 belong to Genus Exiguobactrium; the strain from Beimen#2A belongs to Genus Bacillus and that from Yenshui#5A belongs to Brevundimonas sp.; those from Hsuechia, Liujiao#1, Yenshui#3 and Yichu#2A had closer evolutionary distances to Genus Acinetobacter and Glacial ice bacterium.
摘要………………………………………………………………………………I
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………II
誌謝………………………………………………………………………………IV
目錄…………………………………………………………………………………V
章節目錄…………………………………………………………………………V
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………………VII
表目錄…………………………………………………………………………VIII
附錄…………………………………………………………………………………X
儀器與藥品…………………………………………………………………………XII

= 章節目錄 =
第一章 緖論……………………………………………………………………1
1.1 研究動機………………………………………………………………1
1.2 研究目的………………………………………………………………2
1.3 嘉南平原地區地下水層………………………………………………3
第二章 文獻回顧…………………………………………………………… …8
2.1烏腳病與砷……………………………………………………………8
2.2 砷的特性………………………………………………………………9
2.3 砷的地球化學…………………………………………………………11
2.4 砷與微生物……………………………………………………………14
2.5地下水質基本性質……………………………………………………16
第三章 研究材料與方法………………………………………………………18
3.1 研究流程………………………………………………………………18
3.2烏腳病地區之地下水採樣及分析……………………………………20
3.3含砷水樣微生物之氧化還原試驗檢驗方法…………………………23
3.4含砷水樣菌種鑑別試驗檢驗方法………………………………………26
3.5含砷地下水樣親緣關係樹(phylogenetic tree)建立方法…………34
第四章 結果與討論………………………………………………………………35
4.1烏腳病與砷的關係………………………………………………………35
4.2重金屬錳鐵鍶……………………………………………………………38
4.3含砷水樣與井位深度關係………………………………………………39
4.4含砷水樣的五價砷及三價砷含量(氧化還原程度)……………………40
4.5含砷水樣經微生物作用產生之氧化還原程度…………………………44
4.6含砷水樣所鑑定之菌種及建立之親緣關係樹…………………………46
4.7地下水樣水質……………………………………………………………52
第五章 結論………………………………………………………………………55
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………57

圖目錄

頁次
圖1.3.1西部麓山帶地槽盆地中由北向南地層岩相圖(何春蓀,1981)…………4
圖1.3.2台南縣地質分布圖…………………………………………………………6
圖2.3.1地下水層中砷的化學物種(Oreland et al.,2003)……………………13
圖2.3.2砷化代謝之概念模式(Oreland et al.,2003)…………………………13
圖2.4 三價砷氧化之原核生物的親緣多樣性(Ehrlich,2002)…………15
圖3.1 研究流程圖………………………………………………………………19
圖3.2.1 採樣地點…………………………………………………………………21
圖3.3 含砷水樣經微生物作用流程圖……………………………………………25
圖4.4採樣地點及總砷或五價砷或三價砷含量分佈圖………………………43
圖4.5含砷水樣經微生物作用之層析圖………………………………………45
圖4.6含砷地下水樣分離株與其化物種之基因序列間之親緣演化分析
(親緣關係樹圖)………………………………………………………48

表目錄

頁次
表2.2 砷之特性(Miller et al.,2002)…………………………………10
表3.4.1 PCR實驗所使用引子(Primer)序列…………………………………27
表3.4.2 PCR混合液組成成分…………………………………………………27
表3.4.3 PCR Protocol…………………………………………………………30
表4.1 地下水樣水質檢測……………………………………………………37
表4.4.1 地下水樣總砷、五價砷、三價砷之含量及還原態比例……………41
表4.4.2 Yenshui(23m井深)之地下水砷統計分析……………………………42
表4.6.1 Hsuechia水樣之分離菌株基因序列與NCBI基因庫菌株比對
之相似度………………………………………………………………49
表4.6.2 Beimen#2A水樣之分離菌株基因序列與NCBI基因庫菌株比對
之相似度………………………………………………………………49
表4.6.3 Liujiao#1水樣之分離菌株基因序列與NCBI基因庫菌株比對
之相似度………………………………………………………………49
表4.6.4 Liujiao#2水樣之分離菌株基因序列與NCBI基因庫菌株比
對之相似度…………………………………………………………50
表4.6.5 Yenshui#2水樣之分離菌株基因序列與NCBI基因庫菌株比
對之相似度…………………………………………………………50
表4.6.6 Yenshui#3水樣之分離菌株基因序列與NCBI基因庫菌株比
對之相似度…………………………………………………………50
表4.6.7 Yenshui#4水樣之分離菌株基因序列與NCBI基因庫菌株比
對之相似度…………………………………………………………51
表4.6.8 Yenshui#5A 水樣之分離菌株基因序列與NCBI基因庫菌株比
對之相似度…………………………………………………………51
表4.6.9 Yichu#1A水樣之分離菌株基因序列與NCBI基因庫菌株比
對之相似度…………………………………………………………51

附錄

頁次
附圖一 五價砷標準曲線圖………………………………………………………………65
附圖二 含砷地下水樣(a)Hsuechia#1、(b)Beimen#2A五價砷層析圖……………66
附圖三 含砷地下水樣(a)Jiangjing#1B、(b)Lucao#1B五價砷層析圖………… 67
附圖四 含砷地下水樣(a) Liujiao#1、(b) Liujiao#2五價砷層析圖…………… 68
附圖五 含砷地下水樣(a) Yenshui#1、(b) Yenshui#2五價砷層析圖…………69
附圖六 含砷地下水樣(a)Yenshui#3、(b) Yenshui#4五價砷層析圖…………70
附圖七含砷地下水樣(a)Yenshui#5A、(b) Yichu#1A五價砷層析圖………71

親緣關係樹之菌株基因序列…………………………………………72
Hsuechia…………………………………………………………………………72
Beimen#2A………………………………………………………………………73
Jiangjing#1B……………………………………………………………………74
Lucao#1B…………………………………………………………………………75
Liujiao#1………………………………………………………………………76
Liujiao#2………………………………………………………………………77
Yenshui#1………………………………………………………………………78
Yenshui#2………………………………………………………………………79
Yenshui#3………………………………………………………………………80
Yenshui#4………………………………………………………………………81
Yenshui#5A………………………………………………………………………82
Yichu#1A…………………………………………………………………………83
Bacillus circulans(DQ374636)…………………………………………………84
Bacillus benzoevorans(AY043085)………………………………………………85
Bacillus sp.(DQ358737)…………………………………………………………86
Bacillaceae bacterium(DQ490423)………………………………………………87
Glacial ice bacterium(AF479352)………………………………………………88
Acinetobacter radioresistens(AF526908)……………………………………89
Exiguobacterium aestuarii(AY594264)…………………………………………90
Exiguobacterium lactigenes(AY818050)………………………………………91
Exiguobacterium sp.(DQ407715)……………………………………………92
Brevundimonas sp.(DQ341416)………………………………………………93
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