臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

永續生活之相關資訊，雖可經眾多來源取得，然其中基於消費者面向之研究仍屬罕見，其主因乃不易透過系統方法，來瞭解資訊如何在居家行為中付諸行動。私人機動運具如機車等，在帶來交通便利之同時造成多種負面沖擊；有鑑於台灣為全球機車密度最高之國家，且機車使用趨勢於大學校區已成普遍，研擬抑制機車使用趨勢之策略，對於我國邁向建立永續發展社會之願景，實為不容輕忽之重大課題。
關於機車使用所致之衝擊研究，常著眼於污染、交通擁塞、能源耗用等方面；然其資料屬性多需具專業背景之研究人員方能解讀，以公眾易於理解之量化資訊加以評估之研究甚少，故宣導環境友善交通模式時，常欠缺說服力；另一方面，與使用者切身相關之時間、安全、經濟資訊未能同時分析並傳遞至使用者，由於使用者之主要考量點為方便、安全與經濟性，以致在導向公眾永續運輸之溝通效果上發生落差。為著眼於更有效之永續資訊溝通模式，本研究嘗試以成功大學為個案調查研究對象，量化機車使用行為之通勤時間、安全性、使用成本、以及環境衝擊等資訊，並透過電腦輔助問卷調查，設計易理解之訊息介面，即時根據受訪者的通勤條件，進行個人化衡量，再將結果回報受訪者，調查不同資訊對於受訪者在選擇通勤行為時的影響效果。研究中以簡約方法分析市區交通意外導致之失能調整人年(DALYs, disability-adjusted life years)，結果顯示機車通勤學生所遭受之失能調整人年為單車通勤學生之5.23倍；而透過日本Life Cycle Impact Assessment Method based on Endpoint Modeling (LIME)衝擊評估系統，建立使用者個人化推估模式，以計算機車產生之環境外部成本。另在通勤時間及使用成本方面，亦完成可同時比較不同通勤行為之個人化衡量系統。
透過本研究發展之互動資訊溝通系統，以成功大學學生為個案調查對象，結果發現52.4%以機車通勤的受訪學生，觀看個人化通勤資訊分析後，提高改用永續通勤模式之意願；且以機車通勤的受訪學生中，願意改用永續通勤模式之比例提高27.6 %。若成功大學減少27.6%機車通勤學生，其效益相當於每年減少465.6噸二氧化碳排放、114.0萬新台幣之公眾健康損害外部成本、以及9.44年因交通意外而損失的失能調整人年。
互動式訊息溝通除用於交通層面之外，亦有應用於其他層面之永續生活型態議題之潛力；本研究中展示如何轉譯公眾易理解之資訊，進而建立互動式溝通架構，以導向更趨永續性之生活型態。

Though a large number of studies, data, and sustainability schemes in daily lives can be found in different sources, only a limited portion of them are referred to by consumers for the purpose of putting the recommendations into action, because they are not accessible in systematic and appropriate ways. The lack of measurement correspondence between attitude and behavior on a general level has already been pointed out with disregard on consideration of behavior constraints beyond people’s control.
Taiwan is known as the highest motorbike-density country in the world. Despite its importance, quantitative research on the extent and magnitude of impacts induced by motorcycles are rarely comprehensive for general public. Problems of motorcycle-commuting has been individually discussed in pollution, congestion, and energy consumption aspects, while other correlative information including safety and economy aspects are less analyzed. This flaw results in ineffective on communication of sustainable transportation, because consumer’s primary objective is the safe, flexible, and cheap mobility service. Aiming at more effective communication of sustainability aspects of motorcycles, this research presents a method to collect and quantify information on expense, travel time, safety, and health/environment aspects. Through CAPI (computer-assisted personal interview), we design a easily understanding interface which fulfills real-time customized information feedback based on personalized input of respondents. The study adopts a streamlined approach to estimate DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) loss due to downtown traffic accidents. And find out students commute by motorcycle on average suffer 5.23 times DALYs loss as much as students commute by bicycle. On the other hand, we develop a user-personalized model to calculate environmental external cost derived from motorcycle using by an impact assessment system (Life Cycle Impact Assessment Method based on Endpoint Modeling, LIME) from Japan. Moreover, customized assessment system on travel time and operation expense is also constructed.
With the interactive communication structure developed in the research, students of National Cheng Kung University (NCKU) are selected as target of case study. It’s observed that 52.4% of the motorcycle commuting students increased their intensity level of willingness to adopt sustainable commuting mode and, 27.6 % of motorcycle commuting students agree to alternate to adopt sustainable commuting mode or use sustainable commuting mode more frequently after they received customized commuting information. It’s expected to reduce 4.656E+05 kilograms of CO2 emission, 1.14E+06 NTD on external health damage cost, and 9.44 years of DALYs loss due to traffic accident if we can apply our communication method to all NCKU students.
Interactive communication for sustainability is not only works in transportation issues but also expected to contain potential for applying to other sustainable lifestyle initiatives. Our study demonstrates a methodology on how to construct a interactive communication structure which can induce people to reconsider shifting their current behavior to more sustainable way.

Abstract 1
Chinese Abstract 3
Acknowledgement 4
Table of Content 5
List of Figures 7
List of Boxes 10
Chapter 1 Introduction 11
1.1 Background 11
1.2 Research Objective 14
Reference 16
Chapter 2 Analysis on condition of transportation 18
2.1 Transportation in NCKU 18
2.1.1 Measuring commuting activity of college student 18
2.1.2 Travel time comparison between commuting modes 20
2.2 Analysis on safety risk from daily commuting 24
2.2.1 Accident record from school guard 24
2.2.2 Streamline DALYs estimation for student’s traffic accidents 25
2.2.3 Sensitivity analysis on DALYs value 29
Reference 30
Chapter 3 Assessment on daily commuting of student 31
3.1 Annual expense on motorcycle and bicycle 31
3.1.1Fuel usage 31
3.1.2 Maintenance and repair cost 34
3.1.3 Tax and imperative insurance 36
3.2 External damage from motorcycle 37
3.2.1 Localized pollution pattern of motorcycle using 37
3.2.2 Green GDP accounting 40
3.2.3 Ecological Footprint 44
3.2.4 Life Cycle Impact Assessment Method based on Endpoint Modeling 46
3.2.5 Quantification of greenhouse gas emission 50
Reference 53
Chapter 4 Interactive survey based on computer-assisted personal interview 57
4.1 Information interchanging pathway 57
4.2 Interface design 59
4.3 Survey plan 69
Chapter 5 Result 70
5.1 Effectiveness of information conveying 70
5.2 Expected benefit of inducing students toward sustainable commuting mode 81
5.2.1 CO2 reduction, pollution reduction, DALYs, and fuel saving 81
5.2.2 Net time usage comparison 84
5.3 Scenario Analysis 85
5.3.1 Apply the information conveyance to whole university 85
5.3.2 Apply charge of parking fee 85
5.3.3 Build student dormitory around university 87
Chapter 6 Conclusion 89
Appendix 91

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