臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著發光亮度逐漸提升以及藍光的發明，發光二極體的應用層面越來越廣，紅、綠、藍封裝在一起的全彩發光二極體的出現，使得混色方面可以混合出白光外，也可達成調變頻譜，本論文應用日亞化的全彩發光二極體，三組脈寬調變電路達成光功率及頻譜調變，以利用發光二極體的半導體特性，溫度上升，順向偏壓下降，達成溫度感測。
本論文實際完成90顆矩陣發光二極體並可調變光功率及頻譜的光療系統，並利用相同的發光二極體來達成溫度感測以及溫控脈寬調變，頻譜調變的波長範圍從460至636nm，單顆發光二極體光最大功率紅光約為38mW/cm2，綠光20mW/cm2，藍光34WmW/cm2。感測溫度從10至70℃，在溫度平衡下，誤差可小於±1℃。

As the brightness be elevated and blue light invented, the LEDs are becoming more and more applications. This thesis applies Nichia corporation full color LEDs to accomplish phototherapy system. The type of full color LED integrates with red, green and blue color LEDs. Color mixture can mix white color and modulate other spectrums. Three PMW circuits achieve optical power and spectrum modulation. The temperature of environment increases, the forward voltage of the LED is decreasing. The LED can be acted temperature detection and instead of temperature sensor with the semiconductor characteristics.
In this thesis, we have designed an adjustable optical power and spectrum for 90 LEDs Array. Temperature detection and temperature control PWM sensor used the same LEDs. The wavelengths cover 460 to 636nm. The maximum optical power of single LED is 38mW/cm2 for red, 20mW/cm2 for green and 34mW/cm2 for blue respectively. The range of temperature detection is 10 to 70℃. When temperature is stable, the accuracy error can reduce to within ±1℃.

摘要-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------i
英文摘要------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii
誌謝-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iii
目錄-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iv
圖目錄--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------vi
表目錄--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ix

第一章、 緒論
1-1 前言------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
1-2 研究目的------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
1-3 論文編排------------------------------------------------------------------------------4

第二章、 理論背景
2-1 研究背景------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
2-2 文獻回顧------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
2-3 光療相關產品-----------------------------------------------------------------------12
2-4 脈寬調變電路工作原理-----------------------------------------------------------15
2-4-1 調變種類--------------------------------------------------------------------15
2-4-1-1 單緣調變------------------------------------------------------------16
2-4-1-2 雙緣調變------------------------------------------------------------17
2-4-2 波形產生器-----------------------------------------------------------------17
2-5 發光二極體選擇--------------------------------------------------------------------25
2-6 溫度感測原理-----------------------------------------------------------------------27

第三章、 系統架構及電路設計
3-1系統架構------------------------------------------------------------------------------29
3-2溫度感測電路之設計---------------------------------------------------------------31
3-2-1 溫度感測轉換過程-------------------------------------------------------31
3-2-2 定電流電路----------------------------------------------------------------34
3-3溫控脈寬調變電路之設計---------------------------------------------------------37
3-4操作介面之設計---------------------------------------------------------------------38

第四章、 電路製作與實測結果
4-1 電路實測波形(麵包板)------------------------------------------------------------39
4-2 溫度感測電路-----------------------------------------------------------------------42
4-3輸出級電路---------------------------------------------------------------------------46
4-4光頻譜與功率量測------------------------------------------------------------------49
4-4-1 光頻譜量測----------------------------------------------------------------49
4-4-2 光功率量測----------------------------------------------------------------55
4-5系統完成外觀與功能測試---------------------------------------------------------57
4-5-1 系統完成外觀-------------------------------------------------------------57
4-4-2 功能測試-------------------------------------------------------------------58

第五章、 結論與未來展望
5-1 結論-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------61
5-2 未來展望-----------------------------------------------------------------------------62

附錄----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------63

參考文獻----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------65
圖目錄
圖1-1 照明設備的演進------------------------------------------------------------------------1
圖1-2 發光二極體的應用---------------------------------------------------------------------2
圖1-3 發光二極體的光療設備 --------------------------------------------------------------3
圖1-4 CIE1931-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
圖2-1綠光療效比較圖-------------------------------------------------------------------------7
圖2-2藍光療效比較圖-------------------------------------------------------------------------8
圖2-3 光療設備的臨床實驗-----------------------------------------------------------------12
圖2-4 黃光之多波段發光二極體皮膚活化裝置----------------------------------------13
圖2-5 頻譜分布--------------------------------------------------------------------------------13
圖2-6美容光療產品---------------------------------------------------------------------------14
圖2-7 脈寬調變電路--------------------------------------------------------------------------15
圖2-8 前緣調變--------------------------------------------------------------------------------16
圖2-9 後緣調變--------------------------------------------------------------------------------16
圖2-10雙緣調變-------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
圖2-11電容充電-------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
圖2-12負斜坡產生器-------------------------------------------------------------------------18
圖2-13 正斜坡產生器輸出波形------------------------------------------------------------18
圖2-14 三角波產生器------------------------------------------------------------------------19
圖2-15三角波轉換圖-------------------------------------------------------------------------20
圖2-16 LM555內部方塊圖------------------------------------------------------------------21
圖2-17 鋸齒波產生電路-------------------------------------------------------------------- 22
圖2-18閘極電荷關係-------------------------------------------------------------------------23
圖2-19共集極電壓緩衝器-------------------------------------------------------------------25
圖2-20發光二極體透鏡顏色----------------------------------------------------------------26
圖2-21光輻射角度----------------------------------------------------------------------------26
圖2-22 日亞化發光二極體光輻射角度---------------------------------------------------27
圖2-23 溫度和順向偏壓的關係------------------------------------------------------------28
圖3-1系統架構---------------------------------------------------------------------------------29
圖3-2 三組直流準位調變--------------------------------------------------------------------30
圖3-3 單組直流準位調變--------------------------------------------------------------------30
圖3-4 配色開關動作示意圖-----------------------------------------------------------------30
圖3-5 互補型脈寬調變電路-----------------------------------------------------------------31
圖3-6 電壓值轉換-----------------------------------------------------------------------------32
圖3-7 正斜率電壓值轉換--------------------------------------------------------------------32
圖3-8 歸零電壓轉換--------------------------------------------------------------------------33
圖3-9 電壓增益加入--------------------------------------------------------------------------34
圖3-10發光二極體電流和電壓曲線-------------------------------------------------------34
圖3-11等差電壓說明-------------------------------------------------------------------------35
圖3-12定電流電路----------------------------------------------------------------------------35
圖3-13雙發光二極體溫度感測電路-------------------------------------------------------37
圖3-14溫控脈寬調變電路-------------------------------------------------------------------37
圖3-15產品外觀設計-------------------------------------------------------------------------38
圖4-1 三角波波形-----------------------------------------------------------------------------39
圖4-2 電容放電影響--------------------------------------------------------------------------39
圖4-3 鋸齒波波形-----------------------------------------------------------------------------40
圖4-4 脈寬調變波形--------------------------------------------------------------------------41
圖4-5 光功率調變-----------------------------------------------------------------------------41
圖4-6 順向偏壓受溫度影響曲線(VCC=10V)---------------------------------------------42
圖4-7 順向偏壓受溫度影響曲線(VCC=15V)---------------------------------------------43
圖4-8 儀表放大器輸出電壓曲線(VCC=10V)---------------------------------------------44
圖4-9 矩陣發光二極體排列方式-----------------------------------------------------------46
圖4-10 矩陣發光二極體實際電路---------------------------------------------------------47
圖4-11 紅光發光二極體頻譜---------------------------------------------------------------49
圖4-12紅光發光二極體色度座標----------------------------------------------------------49
圖4-13 紅光實際發光頻譜------------------------------------------------------------------50
圖4-14 綠光發光二極體頻譜---------------------------------------------------------------50
圖4-15 綠光發光二極體色度座標---------------------------------------------------------51
圖4-16 綠光實際發光頻譜------------------------------------------------------------------51
圖4-17 藍光發光二極體頻譜---------------------------------------------------------------52
圖4-18藍光發光二極體色度座標----------------------------------------------------------52
圖4-19 藍光實際發光頻譜------------------------------------------------------------------53
圖4-20 實際混色頻譜表現------------------------------------------------------------------54
圖4-21 發光二極體尺寸規格圖------------------------------------------------------------55
圖4-22單顆發光二極體功率密度----------------------------------------------------------56
圖4-23 實際系統外觀------------------------------------------------------------------------57
圖4-24 實際電路外觀------------------------------------------------------------------------57
圖4-25 溫控脈寬調變感測器---------------------------------------------------------------58
圖4-26 鋸齒波波型(電路板)----------------------------------------------------------------58圖4-27 光功率量測---------------------------------------------------------------------------59
圖4-28 溫控光功率調整---------------------------------------------------------------------60






表目錄
表2-1雷射和發光二極體光療比較----------------------------------------------------------6
表2-2產品宣稱療效---------------------------------------------------------------------------14
表2-3 SR正反器真值表----------------------------------------------------------------------21
表4-1發光二極體溫度特性(VCC=10V)----------------------------------------------------42
表4-2發光二極體溫度特性(VCC=15V)----------------------------------------------------43
表4-3 儀表放大器輸出電壓(VCC=10V)---------------------------------------------------44
表4-4 單顆發光二極體發光效率-----------------------------------------------------------56

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