臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

投擲動作是人類基本動作技能，為了解改變投擲物體重量產生的影響，本研究以15位大專男性學生（24.27±2.76歲）作為受試者進行過肩投擲，投擲物體為140克（輕球）與700克（重球）兩種。動作資料使用VICON系統收集，並將肩帶獨立為一個部位以提高計算盂肱運動的準確性，所有資料透過GOM的方式修正皮膚位移然後以相依樣本t考驗進行（α＝.05）。結果發現：1.投擲重球會使骨盆重心在投擲方向上的移動顯著增加，也會顯著增加它上升的幅度，並使骨盆在揮臂期左傾的幅度顯著減少，顯著增加前傾幅度；在加速期裡顯著增加骨盆前傾與左旋的幅度。2.在揮臂期裡，投擲重物會顯著增加軀幹左傾的角位移，在加速期裡，投擲重物會顯著減少軀幹左傾的角位移和軀幹左旋的角位移，另外在最大外轉（MER）與球離手（REL）時，投擲重球會顯著增加軀幹橫向旋轉角與顯著讓身體更為前傾。3.對肩關節而言，投擲重球會顯著增加最大外旋角度與減少最大內旋角速度。對肘關節而言，MER時，投擲重球會顯著增加伸展角度，在REL時，投擲重球會顯著減少伸展角度與伸展角速度。4.投擲重球會改變肢段的序列性，使得軀幹角速度峰值與手肘角速度峰值延後。5.從角動量貢獻度的觀點，投擲重球身體多會運用骨盆或軀幹等大肢段作為力量的來源，而不是使用上臂與前臂等遠端肢段。

Throwing is one of the human basic movement skills. To comprehend the effect of weight of projectiles on throwing motion, fifteen healthy undergraduates (24.27±2.76 years) were recruited to execute over-arm throwing. The weights of ball were 140g (light) and 700g (heavy). The VICON system was used to collect motion data. The shoulder girdle was defined as a separate body part to enhance the accuracy in computing glenohumeral rotation. The global optimization method was used to revise skin movement in order to calculate the center of projectile precisely. All the data were analyzed through pared t-test (α=0.05). Findings were as follow: (1) Heavy ball would cause the pelvis C.O.M. move in the direction of throwing. The pelvis’s left tilt and in arm-cocking phase decreased and the forward tilt increased significantly. In accelerating phase, the pelvis’s forward tilt and left rotation increased significantly. (2) Heavy ball would cause trunk left tilt increased significantly in arm-cocking phase while the trunks’ left tilt, and left rotation decreased significantly in accelerating phase. Furthermore, heavy ball cause trunk transverse rotation increased significantly and affects upper body’s forward tilt at MER and REL. (3) The shoulder joint, heavy ball produce increased maximum external rotation and decreased maximum internal rotation angular velocity, significantly. For elbow angle, heavy ball produce significantly increased extending angle at MER. At REL, while the extending angle and angular velocity decreased significantly. (4) Heavy ball would change the moving sequence of limbs; exhibit a delay in peak value of the angular velocity of truck and elbow. (5) The body would use pelvis or trunk to be the source of power when throwing heavy ball.

第一章 緒論
第一節 前言- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
第二節 研究動機- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2
第三節 研究目的- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3
第四節 操作型定義- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4
第五節 研究範圍與限制- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5
第二章 文獻探討
第一節 棒球投擲相關的研究- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6
第二節 不同投擲重量的相關研究- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11
第三節 皮膚標記位移誤差相關的研究- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12
第四節 本章結論- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14
第三章 研究方法與步驟
第一節 理論基礎- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16
第二節 研究對象- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 34
第三節 實驗時間與地點- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 34
第四節 實驗設備及器材- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 35
第五節 場地佈置- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 35
第六節 實驗步驟與流程- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 36
第七節 資料收集與處理- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 39
第八節 資料分析- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 41
第四章 結果與討論
第一節 運動學差異- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 42
第二節 肢段角動量差異- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 65
第五章 結論與建議
第一節 結論- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 70
第二節 建議- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 71
參考文獻
一 中文部分- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 72
二 英文部分- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 72
附錄
一 實驗注意事項與受試者同意書- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 76

中文文獻
王順正（ 1991）： 棒球投手不同投擲動作加速期的生物力學分析。台北： 國立台灣師範大學體育研究所碩士論文。
張駿偉（ 2003）： 人體上肢三維電腦模型之建構。國立台灣大學醫學工程學研究所碩士論文。
鄭秀媛、賈書惠、高雲峰、侯曼、祈鼎亮、仰紅慧（ 2002）：現代運動生物力學。北京： 國防工業出版社。
劉于詮（ 2005）： 投擲不同重量物體對過肩投擲型態與肌肉活化程度影響之研究。桃園： 國立體育學院體育研究所博士論文。
劉啟台（ 1993）： 工程力學觀念分析（ 運動篇）。台北： 標竿出版社。

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