臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

有機發光二極體(Organic Light-Emitting Diode, OLED)影像顯示技術跨躍式的進程，帶動了顯示器產業的蓬勃發展，其為近幾年平面顯示器領域中的新起之秀。利用OLED元件與技術所製成的次世代顯示器具有其它顯示器所無法兼具的優點，如輕薄、可撓曲、易攜、全彩、高亮度、高對比、省電、視角寬廣、自發光及高應答速度等。OLED顯示器替未來人機互動的介面開啟了新的視野，有機發光二極體的結構設計在OLED顯示器邁向量產的過程中扮演著舉足輕重的角色。本論文以理論數值計算的方式進行OLED之結構設計與光電特性分析，以求得最佳化高效率之OLED元件。
在本論文的第一章對有機發光二極體之優點、缺點及結構特性作介紹，並藉由OLED的產品開發面來描述有機發光二極體之發展。此外，亦從OLED與LCD的比較來瞭解此次世代顯示技術。
在第二章，嘗試去建立OLED的電特性模型，數值方法求解和材料參數在Matlab和Mathcad中被定義，以瞭解微觀的OLED物理特性。另外，本論文所使用的APSYS模擬軟體內之光與電特性模型亦被探討。
第三章探討紅光與綠光OLED結構及top-emitting OLED結構。結構的光電特性包含材料的吸收與發光頻譜、再結合速率、自發放射速率、L-J-V曲線等的最佳化模擬結果將被呈現。
載子的平衡於有機層界面影響著OLED的電致發光效率。在第四章，由Alq3/TPD異質結構所組成的多層OLED元件之光電特性，將藉由電洞阻礙層的加入及調變有機層厚度與位置，來作最佳化探討。此外，多位能井載子侷限型結構的數值模擬最佳化亦被分析與討論。

Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) has been extensively developed in the past few years. The next generation displays designed by OLED technology have advantages over other displays such as CRT, LCD, and PDP in thickness, weight, brightness, response time, viewing angle, contrast, driving power, flexibility, and capability of self-emission. The OLED display has provided a brand new vision for the human-computer interaction in the future. The structural design of OLED is important because it might effectively increase the possibility of mass production. In this thesis, the optimizations of the optical and electronic properties of multilayer OLED devices are numerically studied.
In chapter 1, the characteristics of OLED, including the advantages, disadvantages and structures, are introduced. Moreover, the development of OLED and comparison between OLED and LCD are also disscussed.
In chapter 2, we attempt to setup the electronic model to help realize the microscopic physics of OLED. Furthermore, we discuss the optoelectronic model of the APSYS simulation program which we used to do simulation.
In chapter 3, we investigate the photoelectric characteristics, including the recombination rate, spontaneous emission rate, and L-J-V curves, for the green- and red-emitting OLED structures and top-emitting OLEDs.
The carrier balance at the interface between organic layers affects the electroluminescence (EL) efficiency of OLED. In chapter 4, the optoelectronic properties of the Alq3/TPD heterostructure based multilayer OLED with various thicknesses and positions of hole blocking layer are numerically studied. Finally, optimal design of the multi-quantum-well OLED structure under study is attempted.

目錄 …………………………………………………………… I
中文摘要 ……………………………………………………… IV
英文摘要 ……………………………………………………… V
圖表索引 ……………………………………………………… VI
第一章 有機發光二極體之特性與發展 …………………… 1
1.1 前言 …………………………………………………… 1
1.2 有機發光二極體之特性 ……………………………… 2
1.2.1 有機發光二極體之優點 ………………………… 3
1.2.2 有機發光二極體之缺點 ………………………… 5
1.2.3 有機發光二極體之結構 ………………………… 6
1.3 有機發光二極體之發展 ……………………………… 10
1.3.1 白光暨全彩有機發光二極體 …………………… 10
1.3.2 主動式有機發光二極體 ………………………… 13
1.3.3 Top-emitting有機發光二極體 ………………… 15
1.3.4 Flexible有機發光二極體 ……………………… 16
1.3.5 有機發光二極體之產品開發 …………………… 17
1.4 有機發光二極體與液晶顯示器之比較 ……………… 21
1.5 結論 …………………………………………………… 25
參考文獻 …………………………………………………… 26
第二章 有機發光二極體模型建立與數值方法求解 ……… 31
2.1 前言 …………………………………………………… 31
2.2 模型建立 ……………………………………………… 31
2.2.1 載子於有機層材料間的傳輸 …………………… 33
2.2.2 載子於電極的注入與結構內的激子形成 ……… 36
2.2.3 光特性模型的探討 ……………………………… 40
2.3 數值方法求解及參數定義 …………………………… 41
2.4 PPV元件的電性模擬與探討 ………………………… 43
2.5 結論 …………………………………………………… 50
參考文獻 …………………………………………………… 51
第三章 綠光與紅光有機發光二極體結構之特性分析 …… 59
3.1 前言 …………………………………………………… 59
3.2 各功能層材料使用及模擬參數設定 ………………… 59
3.3 一般雙層結構與含Al/LiF/Alq3結構之探究 ……… 62
3.4 綠光結構之模擬與分析 ……………………………… 65
3.5 紅光結構之模擬與分析 ……………………………… 70
3.6 Top-emitting有機發光二極體之模擬與分析 ……… 74
3.7 結論 …………………………………………………… 81
參考文獻 …………………………………………………… 82
第四章 多層Alq3/TPD異質結構之特性分析 ……………… 90
4.1 前言 …………………………………………………… 90
4.2 單位能井載子侷限型結構之模擬結果與分析 ……… 92
4.3 雙位能井載子侷限型結構之模擬結果與分析 ……… 101
4.4 多位能井載子侷限型結構之模擬結果與分析 ……… 107
4.5 結論 …………………………………………………… 111
參考文獻 …………………………………………………… 112
第五章 結論 ………………………………………………… 118
附錄A 論文發表清單 ………………………………………… i
A.1 Proceedings of SPIE (EI)論文：1篇 ……………… i
A.2 研討會論文：6篇 ……………………………………… i
附錄B MATLAB與Mathcad程式碼 ……………………………… iii
B.1 Organic light-emitting diodes (MATLAB) ………… iii
B.2 Polymer light-emitting diodes (Mathcad) ……… iv

第一章
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第二章
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第三章
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第四章
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