跳到主要內容

臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

(98.82.120.188) 您好!臺灣時間:2024/09/20 09:35
字體大小: 字級放大   字級縮小   預設字形  
回查詢結果 :::

詳目顯示

: 
twitterline
研究生:沈怡君
研究生(外文):Ti-Chun,Shen
論文名稱:藉由單胺類轉運體阻斷劑用於靈長類腦部以評估雙同位素單光子電腦斷層攝影之可行性
論文名稱(外文):Validation dual isotope SPECT by monoaminergic transporter blockers in primates brain
指導教授:馬國興馬國興引用關係
指導教授(外文):Kuoh-Sing,Ma
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國防醫學院
系所名稱:生物及解剖學研究所
學門:生命科學學門
學類:生物訊息學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2006
畢業學年度:94
語文別:中文
論文頁數:100
中文關鍵詞:多巴胺轉運體.血清素轉運體.雙同位素.單光子放射電腦斷層攝影.轉運體阻斷劑
外文關鍵詞:dopamine and serotonin transporters(DAT and SERT).dual
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:255
  • 評分評分:
  • 下載下載:13
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:0
多巴胺轉運體 (dopamine transporters; DAT) 與血清素轉運體(serotonin transporters; SERT) 的異常可能導致許多神經精神方面的症狀及神經學方面的疾病。因此如果能夠清楚了解腦中多巴胺轉運體及血清素轉運體的狀況,那這樣的訊息將可以提供病人進一步治療處理的方針。在本實驗中,我們將進行一系列藥理學研究以評估雙同位素單光子放射電腦斷層攝影 (single photon emission computed tomography; SPECT) 影像技術之可行性。除了控制組之外,台灣獼猴皆分別預先處理多巴胺轉運
體阻斷劑 methylphenidate HCl 及血清素轉運體阻斷劑 fluoxetine 。正常控制組每隻獼猴各進行一次單一同位素 [99mTc]TRODAT-1 (多巴胺轉運體造影劑)單光子放射電腦斷層造影、單一同位素 [123I]ADAM (血清素轉運體造影劑) 單光子放射電腦斷層造影及同時投予雙同位素[99mTc]TRODAT-1 與 [123I]ADAM 的單光子放射電腦斷層造影等。在藥物處理組,每隻獼猴在處理不同藥物之後各進行一次雙同位素單光子放射電腦
斷層造影以與正常控制組作比較。我們採用雙頭加馬攝影機配合超高解析的扇型準直儀同步取得台灣獼猴 (macaca cyclopis) 腦部多巴胺轉運體及血清素轉運體的影像。自實驗結果發現比較正常控制組施行單一同位素及雙同位素的單光子放射電腦斷層攝影影像品質及攝取率於兩者並無明顯差異。藥物處理組雙同位素單光子放射電腦斷層攝影結果顯示,預先處理fluoxetine 可阻斷血清素轉運體對 [123I]ADAM 的專一性攝取而呈現非專
一性分佈, 但不影響多巴胺轉運體對 [99mTc]TRODAT-1 的攝取, 然而methylphenidate HCl 的作用則反之。結果證實利用雙同位素[99mTc]TRODAT-1 與 [123I]ADAM 單光子放射電腦斷層攝影技術確實可行,而此影像技術也許可提供做為臨床評估人類腦中多巴胺及血清素系統變異情形的一項有效工具。
Abnormalities of dopamine and serotonin transporters(DAT and SERT)have been suggested in several neuropsychiatric disorders and neurological disease. Therefore, it is important for understanding the status of DAT and SERT and that the information may provide critical information for patient management. In this study, we perform a series of pharmacological studies to validate dual isotope SPECT image. Besides the control group, monkeys were also pretreated
with methylphenidate(DAT blockers) and fluoxetine(SERT blockers)
respectively. The normal group performed single isotope [99mTc]TRODAT-1(targeting DAT) and single isotope [123I]ADAM (targeting SERT)studies, as well as dual isotope [99mTc]TRODAT-1 and [123I]ADAM studies. In the drug pretreatment group, those monkeys performed dual isotope SPECT studies and then compared to normal dual isotope images. We used dual-head γ camera equipped with ultra-high resolution fan-beam collimator to simultaneously image DAT and SERT in the brain of three monkeys (macaca cyclopis). We found a comparable image quality and uptake ratio between single- and dual
studies in normal monkeys. In drug pretreatment groups, we found fluoxetine can block [123I]ADAM uptake but not the [99mTc]TRODAT-1 uptake, and the effect of methylphenidate was opposite in dual isotope studies. These results suggested the dual isotope imaging using [99mTc]TRODAT-1 and [123I]ADAM may provide a clinical useful for SPECT to evaluating the changes of both dopamine system and serotonin system in the human brain.
目錄
頁次
目錄-----------------------------------------------------------I
圖目錄---------------------------------------------------------V
中文摘要------------------------------------------------------XI
英文摘要-----------------------------------------------------XII
第一章 緒論----------------------------------------------------1
第一節 單光子放射電腦斷層攝影---------------------------3
第二節 血清素系統
壹、血清素之生合成作用機轉與接受器之分類-------------3
貳、血清素之功能-------------------------------------6
參、血清素轉運體
一、血清素轉運體位置、分佈與功能------------------7
二、血清素轉運體作用之相關藥物-------------------7
肆、血清素轉運體之核子醫學造影用藥
一、核子醫學造影---------------------------------8
二、血清素轉運體放射性造影劑之缺點---------------8
三、核子醫學用藥-[123I]ADAM-----------------------10
第三節 多巴胺系統
II
壹、多巴胺之生合成作用機轉與接受器之分類------------12
貳、多巴胺之功能------------------------------------13
參、多巴胺轉運體
一、多巴胺轉運體位置、分佈與功能-----------------14
二、多巴胺轉運體作用之相關藥物------------------14
肆、多巴胺轉運體之核子醫學造影用藥
一、多巴胺轉運體放射性造影劑之缺點--------------15
二、核子醫學用藥-[99mTc]TRODAT-1------------------16
第四節 目的--------------------------------------------17
第二章 材料與方法
第一節 實驗動物----------------------------------------18
第二節 放射性藥物製備
壹、[123I]ADAM 製備-----------------------------------18
貳、[99mTc]TRODAT-1 製備------------------------------19
第三節 預先處理之藥物製備
壹、Fluoxetine 製備----------------------------------19
貳、Methylphenidate HCl 製備-------------------------19
第四節 獼猴單同位素與雙同位素單光子放射電腦斷層影像擷取與
分析
III
壹、[123I]ADAM 單光子放射電腦斷層攝影------------------20
貳、[99mTc]TRODAT-1 單光子電腦斷層攝影-----------------21
參、[123I]ADAM 與[99mTc]TRODAT-1 雙同位素單光子電腦斷層攝
影-------------------------------------------------21
肆、預先處理Methylphenidate HCl 後進行[123I]ADAM 與[99mTc]
TRODAT-1 雙同位素單光子放射電腦斷層攝影-------------22
伍、預先處理Fluoxetine 後進行[123I]ADAM 與[99mTc]TRODAT-1
雙同位素單光子放射電腦斷層攝影---------------------23
陸、影像資料分析
一﹒[123I] ADAM 單光子放射電腦斷層之影像資料分析---23
二﹒[99mTc]TRODAT-1 單光子放射電腦斷層之影像資料分析
-----------------------------------------------23
三﹒[123I]ADAM 與[99mTc]TRODAT-1 雙同位素單光子電腦斷
層之影像資料分析-------------------------------24
四﹒預先處理Methylphenidate HCl 與Fluoxetine 後進
行[123I]ADAM 與[99mTc]TRODAT-1 雙同位素單光子放射電腦
斷層之影像資料分析-----------------------------24
第五節 腦部核磁共振影像擷取----------------------------25
第三章 結果---------------------------------------------------26
IV
第四章 討論---------------------------------------------------66
結論----------------------------------------------------------72
參考文獻------------------------------------------------------73
參考文獻
Acton PD, Choi SR, Hou C, Plossl K, Kung HF:Quantification of
serotonin transporters in nonhuman primates using [123I]ADAM and
SPECT. J Nucl Med. 42:1556–62, 2001.
Acton PD, Kung MP, Mu M, Plossl K, Hou C, and Siciliano M:Single
photon emission tomography imaging of serotonin transporters in
the non-human primate brain with the selective radioligand [123I]
IDAM. Eur J Nucl Med. 26:854-861, 1999.
Acton PD, Pilowsky LS, Plossl K, and Kung HF:Quantification of
dopamine transporter in the mouse brain using ultra-high reso- lution single photon emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med. 29:
691–698, 2002.
Alvarez JC, Gluck N, and Arnulf I:Decrease platelet serotonin
transporter site and increased platelet inositol triphosphate
levels in patients with unipolar depression:effects of clomi- pramine and fluoxetine. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 66:617-624, 1999.
Baldwin RM, Zea-Ponce Y, Zoghbi SS, Laurelle M, al-Tikeiti MS,
Sybirska EH, Malison RT, Neumeyer JL, Milius RA, Wang S:Evaluation
of the monoamine uptake site ligand [123I]methyl 3beta-(4-
74
iodophenyl)-tropane-2beta-carboxylate ([123I]beta-CIT) in non- human primates:pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and SPECT brain
imaging coregistered with MRI. Nucl Med Biol. 20:597-606, 1993.
Bellivier F, Henry C, and Szoke A:Serotonin transporter gene poly- morphisms in patients with unipolar or bipolar depression. Neuro- sci Lett. 255:143-146, 1998.
Bligh-Glover W, Kolli TN, Shapiro-Kulnane L, Dilley GE, Friedman L,
Balraj E, Rajknowska G, and Stockmeier CA:The serotonin trans- porter in the midbrain of suicide victim with major depression.
Bio Psychiatry. 47:1015-1024, 2000.
Booij J, de Win MM:Brain kinetics of the new selective serotonin
transporter tracer [(123)I]ADAM in healthy young adults. Nucl Med
Biol. 33:185-91, 2006.
Booij J, Tissingh G, WinogrodzKa A, van Royen EA:Imaging of the dopa- minergic neurotransmission system using single-photon emission
tomography and positron emission tomography in patients with
parkinsonism. Eur J Nucl Med. 26:171-82, 1999.
Brooks DJ:Functional imaging in relation to parkinsonian syndromes.
J Neurol Sci. 115:1-17, 1993.
75
Carroll FI, Scheffel U, Dannals RF, Boja JW, Kuhar MJ:Development
of imaging agents for the dopamine transporter. Med Res Rev. 15:
419-44, 1995.
Catafau AM, Pe´rez V, Penego M, Bullich S, Danu´ s M, Puigdemont D:
SPECT of Serotonin Transporters Using 123I-ADAM:optimal imaging
time after bolus injection and long-term test–retest in healthy
volunteers. J Nucl Med. 46:1301–9, 2005.
Catafau AM:Brain SPECT of dopaminergic neurotransmission:a new tool
with proved clinical impact. Nucl Med Commun. 22:1059-60, 2001.
Chalon S, Bronquard C, Vercouillie J, Kodas E, Garreau L, Bodard S:
ADAM is an effective tool for in vivo study of serotonergic
function:validation in rat models. Synapse. 52:136–42, 2004.
Chinaglia G, Landwehrmeyer B, Probst A, Palacios JM:serotoninergic
terminal transporters are differentially affected in parkinson's
disease and progressive supranuclear palsy:An autoradiographic
study with [H3]citalopram. Neuroscience. 54:691-9, 1993.
Choi SR, Hou C, Oya S, Mu M, Kung MP, Siciliano M, Acton PD, and Kung
HF:Selective in vitro and in vivo binding of [125I]ADAM to serotonin
transporters in rat brain. Synapse. 38:403-412. 2000.
76
Ciliax BJ, Heilman C, Demchyshyn LL:The dopamine Transporter:immuno- chemical characterization and localization in brain. J Neurosci.
15:1714-1723, 1994.
Collin M, Hakansson-Ovesjo M, Ogren SO, and Meister B:Decreased 5-HT
transporter mRNA in the dorsal raphe nucleus and behavioral
depression in the obese leptin-deficient ob/ob mouse. Brain Res
Mol. 81:51-61, 2000.
Cortes R, Soriano E, Pazos A, Probst A, Palacios JM:Autoradiography
of antidepressant binding sites in the human brain:localization
using [3H]imipramine and [3H]paroxetine. Neuroscience. 27:473–496,
1988.
Dean B, Opeskin K, and Pavery G:[3H]paroxetine binding is altered
in the hippocampus but not the frontal cortex or caudate nucleus
from subjects with schizophrenia. J Neurochem. 64:1197-1202, 1995.
Dean B, Pereira A, Pavey G, and Singh B:Repeated antidepressant drug
treatment, time of death and frequency of handing do not affect
[3H]paroxetine binding in rat cortex. Psychiatry Res. 73:173-179,
1997.
Farde L, Hallidin C, Muller L, Suhara T, Karlsson P, and Hall H:
77
PET study of [11C]beta-CIT binding to monoamine transporters in the
monkey and human brain. Synapse. 16:93-103, 1994.
Ferris RM, Brieaddy L, Methta N, Hollingsworth E, Rigdon G, Wang C,
Soroko F, Wastilia W, and Cooper B:Pharmacological properties of
403U76, a new chemical class of 5-hydroxytryptamine and nor- epinephrine reuptake inhibitor. J Pharm Pharmacol. 47:775-81,
1995.
Frokjaer VG, Pinborg LH, Madsen J, Knudsen GM:Evaluation of the
serotonin transporter ligand [123I]ADAM for SPECT studies in humans.
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 31:S288, 2004.
Fuller RW:Mechanism and functions of serotonin neuronal system:
opportunities for neuropeptide interaction. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 780:
176-84, 1996.
Giros B, Caron MG:Molecular characterization of the dopamine
transporter. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 14:43-49, 1993.
Halldin C, Gulyas B, Langer O, Farde L:Brain radioligands-state of
the art and new trends. Q J Nucl Med. 45:139-52, 2001.
Huang WS, Ma KH, Cheng CY, Chen CY, Fu YK, Chou YH, Wey SP, Liu JC:
Imaging serotonin transporters with 123I-ADAM brain SPECT in healthy
78
non-human primates. Nucl Med Commun. 25:515-9, 2004.
Jacobs BL,and Azmitia EC:Structure and function of the brain
serotonin system. Physiol Rev. 72:165-229, 1992.
Jan Booij, Maartje M.L. de Win:Brain kinetics of the new selective
serotonin transporter tracer [123I]ADAM in healthy young adults.
Nucl Med Biol. 33:185-91, 2006.
Joyce JN, Shane A, Lexow N, Winokur A, Casanova MF, Kleinman JE:
Serotonin uptake sites and serotonin receptors are altered in the
limbic system of schizophrenics. Neuropsychopharmacology. 8:
315-36, 1993.
Kasper S, Tauscher J, Kufferle B, Barnas C, Pezawas L, Quiner S:
Dopamine- and serotonin- receptors in schizophreni:results of
imaging studies and implications for pharmacotherapy in schizo- phrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 249:83-9, 1999.
Kauppinen TA, Bergstrom KA, Heikman P, Hiltunen J, Ahonen AK:Bio- distribution an radiation dosimetry of [123I]ADAM in healthy human
subjects:preliminary results. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 30:
132-6, 2003.
Kish SJ, Furukawa Y, Chang LJ, Tong JC, Ginovart N,Wilson A:Regional
79
distribution of serotonin transporter protein in postmortem human
brain is the cerebellum a SERT-free brain region? Nucl Med Biol.
32:123–8, 2005.
Kung HF, Kim HJ, Kung MP, Meegalla SK, Plossl K, Lee HK:Imaging of
dopamine transporters in humans with technetium-99m TRODAT-1. Eur
J Nucl Med. 23:1527-30, 1996.
Kung MP, Hou C, Oya S, Acton PD, and Kung HF:Characterization of
[123I]IDAM as a novel single photon emission tomography tracer for
serotonin transporters. Eur J Nucl Med. 26:844-53, 1999.
Launay JM, Callebert J, Bondoux D, and Loric S:Serotonin receptor
and therapeutics. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 40:327-36, 1994.
Laruelle M, Abi-Dargham A, van Dyck C, Gil R, D' Souza DC, Krystal
J, Seibyl J, Baldwin R, and Innis R:Dopamine and serotonin
transporters in patients with schizophrenia:an imaging study with
[123I]beta-CIT. Biol Psychiatry. 47:371-9, 2000.
Laruelle M, Baldwin RM, Malison RT, Zea-Ponce Y, Zoghbi SS,
alTikriti MS, Sybirska EH, Zimmermann RC, Wisniewski G, Neumeyer
JL:SPECT imaging of dopamine and serotonin transporters with [123I]
beta-CIT:pharmacological characterization of brain uptake in
80
non-human primates. Synapse. 13:295-309, 1993.
Lin KJ, Liu CY, Wey SP, Hsiao IT, Wu J, Fu YK, Yen TC:Brain SPECT
imaging and whole-body biodistribution with [(123)I]ADAM - a
serotonin transporter radiotracer in healthy human subjects. Nucl
Med Biol. 33:193-202, 2006.
Ma KH, Huang WS, Chen CH, Lin SZ, Wey SP, Ting G, Wang SD, Liu HW,
Liu JC:Dual SPECT of dopamine system using [99mTc]TRODAT-1 and [123I]
IBZM in normal and 6-OHDA lesioned formosan rock monkeys. Nucl Med
Biol. 29:561-7, 2002.
Mann JJ:The neurobiology of suicide. Nat Med. 4:25-30, 1998.
Marcisson JO, and Ross SB:Binding of some antidepressant to the
5-hydroxytryptamine transporter in the brain and platelets.
Psychopharmacol. 102:145-155, 1990.
Meegalla SK, Plossl K, Kung MP, Chumpradit S , Stevenson A, Frederick
D, Kung HF:Tc-99m-labeled tropane as dopamine transporter imagimg
agents. Bioconj Chem. 7:421-429, 1996.
Meegalla SK, Plossl K, Kung MP, Stevenson DA, Liable-sands L.M,
Rheingold A.L, Kung HF:First example of a 99mTC complex as a dopamine
transporter imagimg agent. J Am Chem Soc. 117:11037-8, 1995.
81
Meltzer CC, Smith G, DeKosky ST, Pollock BG, Mathis CA, Moore RY,
and Kupfer DJ:Serotonin in aging, late-life depression, and
Alzheimer's disease:the emerging role of functional imaging.
Neuropsychopharmacology. 18:407-30, 1998.
Meneses A:5-HT system and cognition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 23:
1111-1125, 1999.
Menza MA, Palermo B, DiPaola R, Sage JI, Ricketts MH:Depression and
anxiety in Parkinson's disease: possible effect of genetic
variation in the serotonin transporter. J Geriatr Psychiatry
Neurol. 12:49-52, 1999.
Morris ED, Babich JW, Alpert NM, Bonab AA, Livni E, Weise S, Hsu H,
Christian BT, Madras BK, Fischman AJ:Quantification of dopamine
transporter density in monkeys by dynamic PET imaging of multiple
injections of 11C-CFT. Synapse. 24:262-72, 1996.
Nagai M:The role of serotoninergic system in body temperature
regulation. Physiol Res. 41:65-69, 1992.
Newberg AB, Amsterdam JD, Wintering N, Ploessl K, Swanson RL, Shults
J:123I-ADAM binding to serotonin transporters in patients with major
depression and healthy controls:a preliminary study. J Nucl Med.
82
46:973–7, 2005.
Newberg AB, Plfssl K, Mozley PD:Biodistribution and imaging with
123I-ADAM:a serotonin transporter imaging agent. J Nucl Med. 45:
834–41, 2004.
Nic J. van der W, Henk S, Johannes AH, Rene CM, Damiaan A. Denys,
Harold J.van M, Rene's.K, Herman MW:Enhanced Dopamine Transporter
Density in Psychotropic-Naïve Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder Shown by [123I]β-CIT SPECT. Am J Psychiatry. 161:2201-2206,
2004.
Owens MJ, and Nemeroff CB:The role of serotonin in the pathology
of depression:Focus on the serotonin transporter. Clin Chem. 40:
288-295, 1994.
Oya S, Choi SR, Hou C, Mu M, Kung MP, Acton PD, Siciliano M, Kung
HF:2-((2-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl)thio)-5-iodophenylamine
(ADAM):an improved serotonin transporter ligand. Nucl Med Biol.
27:249-54, 2000.
Oya S, Kung MP, Acton PD, Mu M, Hou C, Kung HF:A new single-photon
emission computed tomography imaging agent for serotonin trans- porters:[123I]IDAM,5-iodo-2-((2-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl)
83
thio)benzyl alcohol. J Med Chem. 42:333-5, 1999.
Peroutka SJ:5-Hydroxytrytamine Receptors Subtype:Molecular,
Biochemical and Physiological Characterization. Trends Neuro. Sci.
11:496-500, 1988.
Peroutka SJ:5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptors. J Neurochem. pp.408-16,
1993.
Peroutka SJ, Snyder SH:Multiple serotonin receptor:differential
binding of [3H]-serotonin, [3H]-lysergic acid diacylamide and [3H]
spiroperidol. Mol Pharmacol. 16:687-699, 1979.
Pogarell O, Tatsch K, Juckel G, Hamann C, Mulert C, Popperl G,
Folkerts M, Chouker M, Riedel M, Moller HJ, Hegerl U:Serotonin
and dopamine transporter availabilities correlate with the loud- ness dependence of auditory evoked potentials in patients with
obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 29:
1910-7,2004.
Richardson BP, and Engel G:The pharmacology and Function of 5HT3
Receptors. Trend Neuro. sci. pp.424-8, 1986.
Ross SB:The characteristics of serotonin uptake system. In:Osbrone
NN (ed) Biology of serotonergic transmission. Wiley Chichester.
84
pp.159-195, 1982.
Seeman P, Chau-Wong M, Tedesco J, Wong K:Brain receptors for anti- psychotic drugs and dopamine:direct binding assays. Proc Natl Acad.
Sci. U.S.A. 72:4376-80, 1975.
Scheffel U, Kim S, Cline EJ, and Kuhar MJ:Occupancy of the serotonin
transporter by fluoxetine, paroxetine, and sertraline:in vivo
studies with [125I]RTI-55. Synapse. 16:263-268, 1994.
Staley JK, Krishnan-Sarin S, Zoghbi S, Tamagnan G, Fujita M, Seibyl
JP, Maciejewski PK, O'Malley S:serotonin transporter
availability in healthy smokers and nonsmokers. Synapse. 41:275-84,
2001.
Staley JK, Malison RT, and Innis RB:Imaging of serotonergic system:
interactions of neuroanatomical and functional abnormalities of
depression. Biol Psychiatry. 44:534-549, 1998.
Stoessl AJ, Ruth TJ:Neuroreceptor imaging:new developments in PET
and SPECT imaging of neuroreceptor binding (including dopamine
transporters, vesicle transporters and post synaptic receptor
sites). Curr Opin Neurol. 11:327-33, 1998.
Szabo Z, Kao PF, Scheffel U, Suehiro M, Mathews WB, Ravert HT,
85
Musachio JL, Marenco S, Kim SE, Ricaurte GA:Positron emission
tomography imaging of serotonin transporters in the human brain
using [11C](+)McN5652. Synapse. 20:37-43, 1995.
Tatsch K:Imaging of the dopaminergic system in parkinsonism with
SPET. Nucl Med Commun. 22:819-27, 2001.
Tejani-Butt SM, Yang J, Pawlyk AC:Altered serotonin transporter
sites in Alzheimer's disease raphe and hippocampus. NeuroReport.
6:1207-10, 1995.
Van Dyck CH, Malison RT, Seibyl JP, Laruelle M, Klumpp H, Zoghbi SS:
Age-related decline in central serotonin transporter availability
with [123I]h-CIT SPECT. Neurobiol Aging. 21:497– 501, 2000.
Volkow ND, Fowler JS, Gatley SJ:PET evaluation of the dopamine system
of the human brain. J Nucl Med. 37:1242-1256, 1996.
Wijngaarden IV, Tulp M, and Soudijn W:The concept of selectivity
in 5-HT receptor reserch. Eur J Pharmacol. 188:301-12, 1990.
Willeit M, Praschak-Rieder N, and Neumeister A:[123I]-beta-CIT SPECT
imaging shows reduced brain serotonin transporter availability in
drug-free depressed patients with seasonal affective disorder.
Biol Psychiat. 47:482-489, 2000.
86
Willian FG:Ganing,Review of medical physiology. Ho-Chi Book
Publishing com., Taiwan, pp.120-123, pp.299-300, 1998.
Ye XX, Chen JC, Liu RS:Microautoradiography of [123I]ADAM in mice
treated with fluoxetine and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Nucl
Med Biol. 31:557–62, 2004.
Ye XX, Hwang JJ, Hsieh JF, Chen JC, Chou YT, Tu KY, Wey SP, Ting G:
In vivo quantification by SPECT of [123I]ADAM bound to serotonin
transporters in the brains of rabbits. Nucl Med Biol. 31:995-1003,
2004.
Zanardi R, Benedetti F, Di Bella D, Catalano M, and Smeraldi E:
Efficacy of paroxetine in depression is influenced by a functional
polymorphism within the promoter of the serotonin transporter gene.
J Clin Psychopharmacol. 20:105-107, 2000.
Zea-Ponce Y, Baldwin RM, and Stratton MD:Radiosynthesis and PET
imaging of [N-methyl-11C]LY257327 as a tracer for 5-HT transporters.
Nucl Med Biol. 24:251-254, 1997.
陳永斌:以類巴金森氏症大白鼠模式探討人類多能性間葉系幹細胞在細胞
治療之應用. 東華大學生物技術研究所碩士論文,2004。
范國賢,孫英玲,徐維荃,李德偉,丁幹:PET 核醫藥物簡介. 核醫會訊. 第八
87
卷. 第三期, 2001.
QRCODE
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top