臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　台灣地區石化工業蓬勃發展，其所衍生的相關產品或原物料等各類液化散裝貨物的進出口運量也日益增長。這些散裝液化產品主要以我國高雄港為主要進出港，在港區各碼頭裝卸過程中，隱藏著許多潛在風險，稍有不慎即可能引起極大的災禍。因之，實際地了解影響高雄港液化散裝碼頭裝卸作業安全的風險變因，並進而分析與評估業者在不同碼頭區的作業安全程度，係為本文之研究目的。
　　本文首先利用與散裝液化貨物運輸與裝卸有關的各類國際公約、相關規範、文獻與實務作業經驗，找出影響裝卸作業安全的各項風險變因，再則，藉由各船長與大副等專家問卷之評量，並以因素分析方法進行各類變因之彙整與簡化，以驗證得出影響作業安全的重要因素，同時並藉灰關聯分析配合模糊相似度分析法，對高雄港不同碼頭區進行作業安全之風險評比。
　　研究結果顯示：影響高雄港散裝液化貨物裝卸作業安全的之四項重要因素，分別為各類化學船舶在碼頭之「船舶裝卸操作因素」、「船船結構設備因素」；船、岸雙方負責操作人員之間的各類「相關從業人員與介面因素」，第四項則為「裝卸碼頭環境因素」。
　　此外，在中島、前鎮與中油三個碼頭區內，業者所屬船舶在中島區碼頭作業時，對於「船舶結構設備」此項因素的作業安全要求水凖值是最高的，而其他諸項因素則均以前鎮區碼頭的作業安全要求水凖值最高。另外，中島與前鎮兩碼頭區在地理環境與在高雄港內的區位上，同樣俱有廣大的腹地，致使各類進出運具難以管制，並極易造成潛在風險發生。本文並對高雄港務局相關單位以及各個岸上儲槽業者，在液化散裝貨物碼頭區位配置與各項安全作業上，提出具體之建議。

The chemical industries including the related products and raw materials are prosperously developing and the quantities of various liquid bulk chemicals are gradually increasing in Taiwan, the port of Kaohsiung owns the largest volume for those liquid bulk cargos handling. Some potential risks could occur frequently on loading and discharging port during the operation process for those liquid cargos, which may cause extreme horrible fatalities due to careless operation in port district. Consequently, it is obviously to comprehend the influential risk variables about the variables of potential safety operation, further analysis and evaluation with regard to the safety operation for different docks in Kaohsiung is the purpose of this research.
This paper starts with an overall analysis for the process of liquid bulk cargo handling based on the relating international Marine Transportation Convention and Code, Reference and the experience of operational practice, and finds the various risk variables of influencing the safety factors of operation. Secondly, the evaluation of influential variables is investigated by conducting a questionnaire survey on Captains and Chief Officers. Finally, methodologies of the Factor Analysis are used to classify and simplify the risk variables, and then Gray Relative Analysis and Fuzzy Similarity Measure Analysis are used to find out the risk valuation in different docks.
The result shows that four important factors of safety operation on liquid bulk handling are the followings: the First Factor is the vessel operation in handling, the Second Factor is the vessel related constructions and equipments, the Third Factor is the personnel and interface relating with ship and shore, and the Fourth Factor is the environment on operating docks.
Furthermore, Kaohsiung port for liquid bulk cargo handling could be divided into three districts named Chung Dao, Chien Jen and Chung Yu. The Second Factor must be requested on the highest level of taking notice of safety operation for ship owners when all liquid bulk vessels berth at Chung Dao district, other Factors are requested on the highest level notices in Chien Jen district. Additionally, as to geographic site, both of Chung Dao and Chien Jen are occupied the vast hinterland, it’s difficult to control the land-hauling vehicles frequently getting in/out of port that would easily cause the potential risks occurrence. Finally, this article could provide the specific suggestions for Kaohsiung Harbor Bureau and liquid bulk terminal proprietors in safety operation from the results.

中文摘要 Ⅰ
英文摘要 Ⅱ
誌謝 Ⅲ
目錄 Ⅳ
表目錄 Ⅵ
圖目錄 Ⅶ

第一章 緒論1
1.1 研究動機與背景分析1
1.1.1 散裝液化貨物運輸與裝卸之安全需求1
1.1.2 高雄港散裝液化貨物裝卸碼頭之配置2
1.1.3 高雄港散裝液化貨儲槽區之配置3
1.1.4 高雄港最近五年進出口散裝液化貨物之統計數量4
1.1.5 散裝液化貨物運輸與裝卸之風險類別5
1.2 研究目的6
1.3 研究範圍6
1.4 研究內容7
第二章 散裝液化貨物之相關載運規範與文獻回顧9
2.1 國際上關於散裝液化貨物之運輸與裝卸規則及規範9
2.1.1 國際海上人命安全公約9
2.1.2 國際防止船舶造成污染公約10
2.1.3 國際海上危險貨物準則11
2.1.4 載運散裝危險化學品船舶之結構與設備章程12
2.1.5 國際散裝運輸危險化學品船舶之結構與設備章程13
2.1.6 航海人員訓練、發證及當值標準國際公約及其章程14
2.1.7 國際船舶與港口設施保安章程15
2.1.8 國際安全管理規則16
2.1.9 小結17
2.2 影響散裝液化船舶裝卸作業安全之重要因素17
2.3 風險預防與對策26
第三章 研究流程與分析方法30
3.1 研究架構30
3.2 碼頭作業現況31
3.2.1 碼頭作業實際情況說明31
3.2.2 船舶裝卸貨之作業程序34
3.3 操作性定義說明36
3.3.1 身分區別36
3.3.2 船舶總噸位區別37
3.3.3 船齡區別37
3.3.4 碼頭區別38
3.3.5 裝卸貨量區別38
3.3.6 各類風險變因與作業安全因素38
3.4 問卷設計與試調40
3.5 因素分析方法42
3.6 灰關聯分析方法43
3.7 模糊相似度分析43
第四章 高雄港散裝液化碼頭之作業安全分析48
4.1 基本敘述統計48
4.2 因素分析與信度檢定51
4.3 不同碼頭區位作業安全之風險評比54
4.4 碼頭區位之相似度分析57
第五章 結論與建議60
5.1 結論60
5.2 建議61
參考文獻65
附錄68

中文部分
中華民國產物保險商業同業公會 (2006)，http://www.nlia.org.tw/。
中華民國國法規資料庫(2006)，http://law.moj.gov.tw/。
交通部高雄港務局全球資訊網(2006)，http://www.khb.gov.tw/。
國立台灣海洋大學航海人員訓練中心 (1995)，化學液體船特別訓練教材，航訓中心編印。
李建明(1997)，ISM規則應用教程，北京：人民交通出版社。
宋明哲 (2005)，風險管理，台北：五南出版社。
邱啟舜等人(1997)，航海人員訓練、發證及當值標準國際公約及其章程(STCW Code)，傑舜船舶安全管理顧問股份有限公司出版。
林師模等(2002)，多變量分析在管理上的應用，台北：雙業出版社。
洪欽銘、李龍鑣(1997)，「灰色關聯與優勢分析之應用研究」，技術學刊，第121卷，頁15-20。
陳順宇(2004)，多變量分析，台北：華泰書局。
蔡明志(2000)，風險管理在大眾運輸安全管理管制課題之發展應用，運輸計劃季刊，第29卷，頁181-212。
施東河、徐桂祥(2000)，「台灣地區壽險需求量之研究與預測」，管理與系統，第61卷，頁29-46。
鄧聚龍(2000)，灰色系統理論與應用，台北：高立圖書公司。
張偉哲、溫坤禮、張廷政(2000)，灰關聯模型方法與應用，台北：高立圖書公司。
溫坤禮、黃宜豊、陳繁雄、李元秉、連志峰、賴家瑞(2002)，灰預測原理與應用，台北：全華科技出版社。
英文部份
Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk BCH Code, (2005), Issued by International Maritime Organization, 2005 Edition
Darbra, R. M., & Joaquim. C. (2004), “Histroical Analysis of Accident in Seaport,” Safety Science, 42, pp.85-98.
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), (2004), Issued by International Maritime Organization, Consolidated Edition, 2004.
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ship (MARPOL 73/78), (2002), Issued by International Maritime Organization, Consolidated Edition, 2002.
International Marine Dangerous Goods Code, (2004), Issued by International Maritime Organization, 2004 Edition.
International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk IBC Code, (1998), Issued by International Maritime Organization, 1998.
International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers and its Code STCW Convention and Code, (1998), Issued by International Maritime Organization, 1998.
International Ship and Port Facilities Security (ISPS Code), (2003), Issued by International Organization, 2003 Edition.
Bannister, J. (1997), How to Manage Risk, Publisher: LLP Professional.
Christian, P. (1995), “Safety Risk Assessment and Management – the ESA approach,” Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 48, pp.303-309.
Liu, X. (1992), “Entropy, Distance Measure and Similarity Measure of Fuzzy Sets and Their Relations,” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol. 52, pp.305-318.
Christian Preyssl (2000), “Safety Risk Assessment and Management – the ESA Approach,” Reliablity Engineering and System Safety 49 (1995), pp.303-309
Rao, P. G., & Raghavan, K. V. (1996), “Hazard and Risk Potential of Chemical Handling at Ports,” J. Loss Prev. Ind., Vol. 9, No. 3, pp.199-204.

Romer, H., Haastrup, P., & Petersen, H. J. S. (1994), “Accidents During Marine Transport of Dangerous Goods: Distribution of Fatalities,” European Commission, Joint Research Centre Ispra, t.p. 650, I-21020 Ispra, Italy.
Ronza, A., Felez, S., Drabra, R. M., Carol, S., Vilchez, J. A. & Casal, J. (2003), “Predicating the Frequency of Accidents in Port Area by Developing Event trees from Historical Analysis,” Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 16, pp.551-560
Shaluf, I. M., Ahmadun, F., Shariff, R., Mustafa, S., & Said, A. M. (2003), “Fire and Explosion at Mutual Major Hazard Installation: Review of a Case History,” Journal of Loss Prevention in the process Industries 16 (2003), pp.149-155
Soares, C. Gusdes., & Teixeira, A. P. (2001), “Risk Assessment in Maritime Transportation,” Reliability Engineering and System Safety 74, pp.299-309
Thomson, B. J. (1999), “International Co-Operation in Hazardous Materials Accident Prevention,” Journal of Prevention In The Process Industries 12, pp.217-225
Vaughan, E. J., & Vaughan, T. M. (2001), Essential of Rsik Management and Insurance. Publisher: Susan Elbe, Second Edition
Wang, W. J. (1997), “New Similarity Measures on Fuzzy Sets and on Elements,” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol.85, pp.305-309.
Wang, J. (2002), “Offshore Safety Case Approach and Formal Safety Assessment of Ships,” Journal of Safety Research 33, pp.81-115.