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研究生:寧凱婕
研究生(外文):Ning Kai-Chieh
論文名稱:18-19世紀畫家筆下的莎翁四大悲劇
論文名稱(外文):The Four Tragedies of Shakespeare in the European Paintings from the 18th Century to the 19th Century
指導教授:康輝安康輝安引用關係
指導教授(外文):Kang Hui-An
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱:美術系碩士班
學門:藝術學門
學類:美術學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2006
畢業學年度:94
語文別:中文
中文關鍵詞:藝術史繪畫莎士比亞四大悲劇
外文關鍵詞:ArtpaintingsShakespearethe four tragedies
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:5
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  • 下載下載:126
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:4
摘要

18-19世紀是莎劇在繪畫上表現的高峰,也是莎畫最具代表性的年代。莎畫的產生有其時代因素,亦即與這個時代的莎士比亞復興(Shakespeare revival)或稱莎士比亞狂熱(cult of Shakespeare)有關。儘管在不同的國度這股狂熱(或復興)的成因不盡相同,有因戲劇制度的變革者、有受美學思潮的影響者、有為民族自信心的發揚者等,但其造成的結果—莎士比亞的流行,則一,這樣的結果間接促進了莎畫的發達。莎畫中以描繪「四大悲劇」的作品數量最多,質地最精。對於這些作品的討論,本文依據畫作內容的份量分為四大子題:「愛恨」、「瘋狂」、「死亡」、「超自然」,分為敘述不同世代、國度的畫家對於莎劇的詮釋。並依據畫作風格歸納最具代表性的五種特色:「戲劇性」、「官能性」、「崇高性」、「裝飾性」、「現代性」,分析其豐富多元的形式面貌。本篇論述重點主要從作品出發,並從中比較與文本的異同,希冀藉由莎翁的「四大悲劇」為例,探索文學性題材在繪畫表現上的各種可能。

關鍵字:莎士比亞;四大悲劇;賈里克;波德爾;勒布朗;柏克;弗斯里;雨果;德拉克洛瓦;浪漫主義;維多利亞時期;拉斐爾前派;中世紀;崇高;超自然
Abstract

Shakespearean paintings are at its’ climax from 18th to 19th century, when this period is also a representative eras of Shakespearean paintings. The development of Shakespearean paintings has relations with the changing times and the raise of Shakespeare revival (or cult of Shakespeare). Though the causes of Shakespeare revival, or cult of Shakespeare, are various in difference countries, such as the reform of theatrical systems, the influence of esthetics, the growth of nationalism, and so on, all lead to the popularity of Shakespeare. Among Shakespearean paintings, ‘the four tragedies’ are the most copious in terms of quality as well as quantity. According to the matters of the four tragedies in Shakespearean paintings, I am going to analyze the various styles from the theme of ‘Love and Hatred’, ‘Madness’, ‘Death’, and ‘Supernatural’. Meanwhile, I will also analyze the diverse and prosperous images of the four tragedies in Shakespearean paintings, which can be characterized as the elements of the ‘dramatic’, ‘sublime’, ‘decorative’ and ‘modern’. As a whole, this thesis focuses on the four tragedies in Shakespearean paintings, and then compares the difference between the paintings and the textbooks, in order to research the diversity of literature paintings.

Keywords: Shakespeare, the four tragedies, David Garrick, Alderman John Boydell, Charles Le Brun, Edmund Burke, Henry Fuseli, Victor Hugo, Eugène Delacroix, Romanticism, Victorian Age, Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, the middle age, sublime, supernatural
目錄

摘要………………………………………………………………………………p.3

前言………………………………………………………………………………p.5

導論………………………………………………………………………………p.8

第一章、莎畫興起的時代背景與影響因素……………………………………p.12
第一節、莎士比亞的流行……………………………………………………p.12
(一) 英國:從矛盾到焦點
(二) 法國:從排斥到讚揚
(三) 日耳曼:民族主義思想的啟發者
第二節、浪漫主義思潮與莎士比亞…………………………………………p.26
(一) 強烈情感
(二) 醜惡入畫
(三) 中世紀題材
(四) 超自然
第三節、戲劇演出與繪畫的關係……………………………………………p.32
(一) 繪畫受到劇場演員的影響
(二) 繪畫脫離舞臺的束縛

第二章、四大悲劇的繪畫題材與內容…………………………………………p.41
第一節、莎畫所探討的主題…………………………………………………p.41
(一) 愛恨
(二) 瘋狂
(三) 死亡
(四) 超自然
第二節、莎畫與文本的差異…………………………………………………p.61
(一) 情節角色
(二) 時空場景
(三) 寓意內涵
(四) 想像空間

第三章、四大悲劇的繪畫形式與風格…………………………………………p.76
第一節、敘事性………………………………………………………………p.76
(一) 人物
(二) 空間物件
第二節、戲劇性………………………………………………………………p.81
(一) 舞臺效果
(二) 姿態表情
(三) 明暗對比
第三節、官能性………………………………………………………………p.86
(一) 肢體
(二) 服裝
第四節、崇高性………………………………………………………………p.90
(一) 神性的自然
(二) 超自然異象
第五節、裝飾性………………………………………………………………p.95
(一) 線條圖案
(二) 色彩
第六節、現代性………………………………………………………………p.99
(一) 抽象趣味
(二) 平面性

結論………………………………………………………………………………p.104

參考書目…………………………………………………………………………p.107

圖版目錄…………………………………………………………………………p.112
參考書目

(一) 工具書:
CAMPBELL, Oscar James (ed.) et al., The Reader's Encyclopedia of Shakespeare, Crowell, New York, 1966
DABUNDO, Laura (ed.) et al., The Encyclopedia of Romanticism : Cculture in Britain, 1780s-1830s, Routledge, London, New York, 1992
KING, Neil & KING, Sarah, Dictionary of Literature in English, Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, London, Chicago, 2002
OLSEN, Kirstin, All Things Shakespeare : An Encyclopedia of Shakespeare's World, Conn, Greenwood Press, Westport, c2002
TURNER, Jane (ed.), The Dictionary of Art, Grove, New York, 1996
The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, Encyclopedia Britannica Inc, 15th edition, Chicago, c1990

(二)外文:
ASH, Russell & MILLAIS, John Everett, Sir John Everett Millais, Trafalgar Square Publishing, London, 1998
ASH, Russell, Sir John Everett Millais, London, Pavilion Books, 1998
BATE, Jonathan, Shakespeare and the English Romantic Imagination, Oxford, 1986
BAYLISS, Wyke, Five Great Painters of the Victorian Era: Leighton, Millais, Burne-Jones, Watts, Holman Hunt, Ams Press, New York, 1972
BEMDONER, Kenneth, The art of Ford Madox Brown, University Park, Pa., Pennsylvania State University Press, c1998
BLAYNEY, Brown David, Romanticism, Phaidon, London, New York, 2001
BOIME, Albert, Art in an Age of Revolution 1750-1800, Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1987
BURK, Edmund, A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful With Several Other Additions, The Harvard Classics, Vol. 24, Part 2, 1909-14
DELACROIX, Eugène, translated by Lucy Norton, The journal of Eugene Delacroix: a selection, Phaidon, London, 1995
EITNER, Lorenz Edwin Alfred, Neoclassicism and Romanticism, 1750-1850, Sources and documents, 2vols, New Jersey, 1970
EUGENE, Delacroix et al., Delacroix: the late work, Thames & Hudson, Philadelphia Museum of Art, New York, 1998
FRIEDMAN, Winifred H., Boydell’s Shakespeare Gallery, PHD diss., Harvard University 1974, New York, 1976
FUSELI, Henry, The Collected English Letters of Henry Fuseli, Kraus International Publications, New York, 1982
GLECKNER, Robert F. & ENSCOE, Gerald E., Romanticism: points of view, Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 1974
GODINE, D. R., Drawings by Benjamin West and his son, Raphael Lamar West, 1975
HOBSON, Anthony, The art and life of J.W. Waterhouse, RA, 1849-1917, Rizzoli in association with Christie's, New York, 1980
HUGH, Honour, Romanticism, London, New York, 1979
HYSLOP, Lois Boe, et al., Charles Baudelaire revisited, New York : Maxwell Macmillan International, c1992
KIDSON, Alex, George Romney, 1734-1802, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 2002
MANCOFF, Debra N., John Everett Millais, Beyond the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 2001
MARTINEAU, Jane et al., Shakespeare in Art, Merrell, London, New York, 2003
MARTYN, Anglesea, David Garrick and the Visual Arts, unpublished MA thesis, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, 1971
MICHAEL, Dobson, The Making of the National Poet: Shakespeare, Adaptation and Authorship and Authorship, Oxford, 1992
SANTANIELLO, A.E. (ed.) The Boydell Shakespeare Prints, New York, 1979
SCHIFF, Gert, Henry Fuseli, 1741-1825: [essay, catalogue entries and biographical outline], Tate Gallery Publications, London, 1975
SHAKESPEARE, William, Macbeth (The Arden Shakespeare), Methuen, 8th edition, revised edition, London, 1953
SHAKESPEARE, William, Othello, The Moor of Venice, (The Arden Shakespeare), D. C. Heath and Co, American edition, revised by Raymond M. Arden edition, Lexington, 1924
SHAKESPEARE, William, The Tragedy of Hamlet (The Arden Shakespeare), Methuen, 7th edition, revised edition, London, 1933
SHAKESPEARE, William, The tragedy of King Lear (The Arden Shakespeare), Methuen, 5th edition, revised edition, London, 1931
TRUEHERZ, Julian et al., Dante Gabriel Rossetti, London, New York, Thames & Hudson, 2003
WILSHIRE, Bruce, Romanticism and Evolution, the Nineteenth Century, University Press of America, Lanham, MD, New York, c1985
WILTON, Andrew, The Age of Rossetti, Burne-Jones, and Watts: Symbolism in Britain, 1860-1910, Tate Gallery Publishing Limited, barbara Bryant, Robert Upstone, Flammarion, Paris, 1997

(三)中文:
Charles Mary Lamb著,《李爾王》,陳敬旻譯,寂天文化,2002年
安德魯.唐金著,《莎士比亞和他的戲夢人生》,許傳娜譯,知書房出版社,2005年
朱伯雄著,《拉斐爾前派與象徵主義美術》,臺北市:藝術家出版,藝術圖書總經銷,2003
汪若蘭主編,《發現莎士比亞》,台灣莎學論述選集,方平等譯,新莎士比亞全集; 臺北市:貓頭鷹出版,城邦文化發行,2000
沃恩(William Vaughan)著,《浪漫主義藝術》(Romanticism and Art),李美蓉譯,臺北市:遠流,1995
威廉‧莎士比亞(William Shakespeare)著,《李爾王》(King Lear),梁實秋譯,臺北市:遠東,民56
威廉‧莎士比亞(William Shakespeare)著,《哈姆雷特》(Hamlet),梁實秋譯,臺北市:遠東,民56
威廉‧莎士比亞(William Shakespeare)著,《馬克白》(Macbeth),梁實秋譯,臺北市:遠東,民56
威廉‧莎士比亞(William Shakespeare)著,《奧賽羅》(Othello),梁實秋譯,臺北市:遠東,民56
威廉‧莎士比亞(William Shakespeare)著,《莎士比亞四大悲劇》(Four Tragedies of William Shakespeare),卞之琳譯 ,臺北市:貓頭鷹出版,城邦文化發行,1999
威爾杜蘭(Will Durant)著,《法國大革命與英國》(Rousseau and Revolution (Story of Civilization),幼獅翻譯中心編譯,民67
威爾杜蘭(Will Durant)著,《拿破崙與歐陸》(The Age of Napoleon (Story of Civilization),幼獅翻譯中心編譯,民67
洪菁勵,《悲劇沒落結構下的瘋狂史和悲劇誕生之互為文本閱讀:尼采與傅柯批判真理與主體自由思想之比較》,南華大學哲學研究所碩士論文,民91
胡耀恆等編著,《戲劇欣賞》,臺北縣蘆洲鄉:國立空中大學,民77
敖軍著,《法蘭西的智慧》,經典人物館,1997年
梁實秋,《英國文學史》,臺北市:協志工業叢書,民74
梁實秋譯註,《英國文學選》,臺北市:協志工業叢書,民74
陸偉芳、合大慶合著,《英國的智慧》,經典人物館,1996年
黃淑玲著,何政廣主編,《德拉克洛瓦:浪漫主義的靈魂》,臺北市:藝術家出版 : 藝術圖書總經銷,1998
德拉克洛瓦,《德拉克洛瓦的日記》,李嘉熙譯,廣西師範大學出版社,2002年
潘諾夫斯基(Erwin Panofsky)著,《造型藝術的意義》,李元春譯,臺北市:遠流出版社,1996
潘襎著,《新古典與浪漫主義美術》,藝術家出版社,2001年8月
羅芃、馮棠、孟華著,《法國文化史》,台北市:亞太圖書,1998年

(三) 展覽型錄:
1976, California
William Blake in the art of his time, organized by Corlette Rossiter, University Art Galleries, University of California
1981, New Heaven
Shakespeare and British Art, exhib. cat. by Geoffrey Ashton, Yale Center for British Art
1992-93, Tokyo
Shakespeare in Western Art, exhib. cat. by John Christian, Tokyo, Isetan Museum of Art; Ibaraki, Museum of Modern Art; Kintetsu Nara Hall, Takamatsu city Museum of Art
1977, Britian
Johan Zoffany, 1733-1810, exhib. cat. by Mary Webster, London, the National Portrait Gallery
2002, Britian
George Romney, 1734-1802, exhib. cat. by Alex Kidson, Liverpool, Walker Art Gallery; London, National Portrait Gallery; Huntington Art Gallery, San Marino, Calif.
2001, Britain
William Blake, exhib. cat. by Robin Hamlyn et al., London, Tate Britain; New York, the Metropolitan Museum of Art
1992, England
John Martin : visionary printmaker, exhib. cat. by Michael J. Campbell ; with accompanying essays by J. Dustin Wees and Richard A. Burnett; York City Art Gallery

(四) 網路資料:
BURNIM, Kalman A., A Brief Introduction to David Garrick, 發表時間不詳,網址:http://www.folger.edu/template.cfm?cid=1464
YOUNG, Alan R. , Visual Representations of Hamlet, 1709-1900, 發表時間不詳,網址:http://www.leoyan.com/global-language.com/ENFOLDED/YOUNG/index.html
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