臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在以關係網絡的觀點來探討影響服務業創新活動與績效的原因，並分析服務業從事創新活動的型態與活絡程度，以及如何有效地衡量創新績效，並建立一個可以有效量測創新效能之指標。藉此調查服務業者所著重之創新活動以及參與活動創新對象之差異。此外，透過創新活動和績效關聯性的印證，建構能衡量服務業創新效能之創新密度模式，並發展創新密度策略矩陣，提供服務業者衡量創新投入與產出之工具性架構以及策略建議。
研究結果發現：產業競爭情勢越激烈、市場規模與顧客需求變動越大，服務業者會強化關係網絡來促進創新活動的推展以及創新績效的提昇；各構面創新活動中以組織創新活動最高，顯示服務業者十分注重企業內部成員的知識、技術移轉活動來激發組織創新能力；在創新績效部分，本研究依據探索性因素分析的結果將服務創新績效分為六大衡量構面分別為學習式、互動式、激進式、制度化、漸進式與結合式創新績效等六項，藉此提供業者評量各類型創新績效的執行情形，以利尋找創新績效發展之關鍵因素；各構面中產業方面激進式創新績效較高，且多是與同業競爭者合作。組織內部以制度化創新績效較高，對象多為主管。市場部分以互動式創新績效較高，對象多為務失誤的顧客。並且，創新活動越活絡創新績效水準亦越高，在創新密度方面知識密集型服務業較一般服務業高，代表創新活動的單位投入能獲得較高的創新績效產出，印證本研究建構之創新效能指標之合理性與適切性。同時發展出創新密度策略矩陣將服務業區分為積極創新型、高創新密度型、低創新密度型、保守落後型等四大類型，依其特性提出精進、維持與防禦、革新、勇於嘗試等四大目標，藉此提供各群業者策略建議。
本研究結果希望有助於業者掌握各項創新績效之產出，考量企業資源配置下擬定最佳之經營決策，有效管理創新活動策略之效能，提供企業檢視創新資源投入所能達到績效產出水準之參考。

Base on the view of relational network of service industry, this study aims to explore the causal of innovation activity and innovation performance in. Attempt to analyze the intensity and pattern of innovation activity in service industry, and measure innovation performance effectively. Further more, to construct an efficient index for measurement of innovation performance. By investigating characteristics of the different innovation activities, to explore whether the input resources and output performance are proportional to the profit. This study expects to provide the suggestion for resource deployment of innovation, and adjust the firms strategy of innovation. In addition, by proving the relationship between innovation activity and performance, this paper constructs a model of innovation density to measure the efficiency of innovation. Developing the strategy matrix of innovation density. And then, to provide a instrument for measuring input and output of innovation and suggestion on strategy.
The result reveals the sharper industrial competition and marketing changes, the more strengthen relation network, and that also improve activity and performance. Innovation activity is highest in organization. Innovation performance divides into radical innovation, learning innovation, incremental innovation, Ad hoc innovation, combinative innovation, formalization innovation. Radical innovation is highest in industry. Formalization innovation is highest in organization. Ad hoc innovation is highest in market. By the way, the stronger innovation activity also leads to higher performance. The innovation densities of Knowledge-intensive services are higher than traditional services. The strategic matrix of innovation-density includes four patterns named Progressing innovation, High density, Low density and Conservative innovation.
Base on the results, the firms can catch the criteria of innovation activities to promote innovation performance. Under limited resources, the firms can draw up the better decision path. Innovation density indices help manager improve the efficacy of innovation activities.

摘要 Ⅰ
Abstract Ⅱ
誌謝 Ⅲ
目錄 Ⅳ
圖表索引 Ⅵ
第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 5
第三節 研究範圍與對象 7
第貳章 文獻探討與回顧 10
第一節 國內服務業現況與特性 10
第二節 創新績效 16
第三節 創新活動 37
第四節 關係網路 55
第五節 產業競爭作用與市場環境變遷 62
第參章 研究方法 69
第一節 研究架構 69
第二節 研究變數與操作性定義 72
第三節 研究假設 83
第四節 研究設計 87
第五節 資料分析方法 88
第六節 信度與效度分析結果 98
第七節 樣本屬性與分佈情形 100
第肆章 資料分析與討論 103
第一節 競爭作用與市場環境變遷對服務業關係網絡之影響 103
第二節 服務業之創新活動 111
第三節 服務業之創新績效 140
第四節 服務業創新密度之建構與分析 167
第伍章 研究結論與建議 186
第一節 研究結論 186
第二節 研究貢獻 191
第三節 研究限制 194
第四節 後續研究建議 195
參考文獻 196
附錄一　中文問卷 213


圖表索引
圖1.4.1 本研究流程圖 8
圖2.6.1 創新夥伴與貢獻圖 39
圖2.6.2 顧客開發程序模式 45
圖3.1.1 本研究關係網絡創新模式概念架構圖 69
圖3.1.2 本研究創新密度模式架構圖 70
圖3.5.1 本研究關係網絡創新模式分析架構圖 86
圖3.5.2 本研究創新密度模式分析架構圖 97
圖3.7.1 本研究樣本服務子產業型態比例 102
圖4.2.1 產業創新活動分佈圖 118
圖4.2.2 產業創新對象分佈圖 118
圖4.2.3 組織創新活動分佈圖 121
圖4.2.4 組織創新對象分佈圖 121
圖4.2.5 市場創新活動分佈圖 123
圖4.2.6 市場創新對象分佈圖 124
圖4.2.7 集群分析群間差異分佈情形 126
圖4.2.8 產業創新強度各指標雷達圖 129
圖4.2.9 組織創新強度各指標雷達圖 132
圖4.2.10 市場創新強度各指標雷達圖 134
圖4.2.11 關係網絡與創新活動之關聯模式架構 135
圖4.2.12 關係網絡與創新活動之關聯模式LISREL驗證結果 137
圖4.3.1 服務業創新績效特徵值陡坡圖 143
圖4.3.2 產業創新績效類型重視之比例 147
圖4.3.3 產業創新對象貢獻創新績效之比例 148
圖4.3.4 組織創新績效類型重視之比例… 150
圖4.3.5 組織創新對象貢獻創新績效之比例 151
圖4.3.6 市場創新績效類型重視之比例… 153
圖4.3.7 市場創新對象貢獻創新績效之比例 154
圖4.3.8 創新活動類型創新活動與創新績效三維散佈圖 156
圖4.3.9 創新活動與績效典型相關分析路徑圖 162
圖4.3.10 關係網絡與創新績效之關聯模式架構 163
圖4.3.11 關係網絡與創新績效關聯模式LISREL驗證結果 164
圖4.4.1 創新活動方盒函數三維向量 168
圖4.4.2 服務業創新績效與創新活動強度散佈圖 170
圖4.4.3 服務業類型之創新活動強度對創新績效影響程度之比較 172
圖4.4.4 服務業類型創新密度之比較 176
圖4.4.5 服務業創新績效與創新活動強度散佈圖 179
圖4.4.6 服務業創新績效與創新活動強度散佈圖 180
圖4.4.7 服務業創新密度策略矩陣 181

表2.2.1 服務創新分類表 34
表3.5.1 Cronbach’s α係數的合理範圍 88
表3.5.2 本研究模式中的潛在變項 94
表3.5.3 本研究模式中的可觀測變數 95
表3.5.4 LISREL適配指標之判斷準則 96
表3.6.1 研究問卷之Cronbach’s α係數表 99
表3.7.1 本研究樣本屬性分佈情形摘要表（n=178） 102
表4.1.1 競爭作用、市場環境變遷與關係網絡關鍵性因素彙整表 104
表4.1.2 競爭作用、市場環境變遷與關係網絡變異數分析摘要表 105
表4.1.3 競爭作用之高低水準與關係網絡強度變異數分析摘要表 106
表4.1.4 市場環境高低水準與關係網絡強度變異數分析摘要表 107
表4.1.5 競爭作用、市場環境與關係網絡二因子變異數分析摘要表 107
表4.1.6 競爭作用、市場環境對關係網絡之複迴歸分析摘要表 109
表4.1.7 競爭作用、市場環境變遷與關係網絡研究假設分析結果彙整表 110
表4.2.1 服務業創新活動各構面強度指標彙整表 113
表4.2.2 產業創新活動與創新之對象交叉列聯彙整表 115
表4.2.3 組織創新活動指標與創新之對象交叉列聯彙整表 120
表4.2.4 市場創新活動指標與創新之對象來源交叉列聯彙整表 122
表4.2.5 服務業創新活動群集分析彙整表 125
表4.2.6 創新活動集群屬性無母數獨立性檢定彙整表 127
表4.2.7 集群間產業創新活動強度指標變異數分析摘要表 128
表4.2.8 集群間組織創新活動強度指標變異數分析摘要表 131
表4.2.9 集群間各市場創新活動強度指標變異數分析摘要表 133
表4.2.10 群間競爭作用、市場環境變遷與關係網絡變異數分析摘要表 134
表4.2.11 本研究創新活動模式配適度評鑑結果摘要表 138
表4.2.12 服務業創新活動研究假設分析結果彙整表 139
表4.3.1 服務業創新績效指標彙整表 141
表4.3.2 KMO統計量判斷原理 142
表4.3.3 KMO與Bartlett檢定 142
表4.3.4 服務業創新績效因素構面分析摘要表 144
表4.3.5 創新績效與產業創新之對象交叉列聯彙整表 146
表4.3.6 創新績效與組織創新之對象交叉列聯彙整表 149
表4.3.7 創新績效與市場創新之對象交叉列聯彙整表 152
表4.3.8 創新活動集群與創新績效變異數分析摘要表 155
表4.3.9 創新活動集群與各類型創新績效指標變異數分析摘要表 157
表4.3.10 服務業創新活動與績效指標典型相關分析彙整表 159
表4.3.11 本研究創新績效模式配適度評鑑結果摘要表 165
表4.3.12 服務業創新績效研究假設分析結果彙整表 166
表4.4.1 創新密度與服務類型變異數分析摘要表 171
表4.4.2 服務業類型創新績效與創新活動強度迴歸分析表 172
表4.4.3 創新活動類型與創新密度變異數分析摘要表 174
表4.4.4 創新活動類型創新績效與創新活動強度迴歸分析表 175
表4.4.5 供給推動型創新績效與創新活動變異數分析摘要表 177

中文部份
司徒達賢（1994），台灣中小企業發展之經營策略，第一屆中小企業發展學術研討會論文集。台北：經濟部中小企業處。
江炯聰（1980），台灣工業技術之發展與移轉，國立台灣大學商學研究所碩士論文。
杜壯（2000），服務復原管理概念性模式之構建，國立交通大學經營管理研究所博士論文。
汪昭芬（2000），組織學習、知識創造、知識蘊蓄、知識蘊蓄與創新績效之關連性研究，成功大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
杉本辰夫（1986），盧淵源譯，事業、營業、服務的品質管制，中興管理顧問公司。
林東清（2005），資訊管理-e化企業的核心競爭能力，智勝文化公司，台北市。
吳思華（1998），知識流通對產業創新的影響，第七屆產業管理研討會，國立政治大學科技管理研究所主辦。
吳思華、侯勝宗（1995），連鎖服務業合作網路中知識擴散模式之研究，政治大學企研所碩士論文。
吳思華（1995），服務事業網路策略初探，第一屆服務業管理研討會。
吳思華（1996），策略九說，麥田出版社，台北市。
吳思華（2001），策略九說：策略思考的本質，臉譜文化公司，台北市。
邱皓政（2000），量化研究與統計分析，五南圖書出版公司，台北市。
邱皓政（2004），結構方程模式：LISREL的理論、技術與應用，雙業書廊有限公司，台北市。
許書銘（2000），產業國際競爭力之發展及其影響因素分析，國立台灣大學商學研究所博士論文。
陳文哲，楊銘賢（1993），品質管理，中興管理顧問公司。
陳順宇（2000），多變量分析，華泰書局，台北市。
張國雄（1985），國際性企業在台灣行銷技術移轉之研究，政治大學國際貿易研究所碩士論文。
張紹勳（2001），研究方法，滄海書局，台中市。
張紹勳，張紹評，林秀娟（2000），SPSS For Windows統計分析-初等統計與高等統計，松崗出版社，台北市。
葉忠（2004），科技管理，教育製商整合計畫教材，逢甲大學工業工程與系統管理學系。
蔡啟通（1997），組織因素、組織成員整體創造性與組織創新之關係，台灣大學商學院研究所博士論文。
楊家彥（2002），服務業創新與創新服務業－台灣產業升級的未來，台灣經濟研究月刊，25（5），頁46-55。
劉華美（2003），我國油品市場管理規範與競爭機制之研究－以供油業者與銷售通路業者之市場行為為例，國立台北大學公共行政暨政策學系碩士論文。
劉權瑩（1999），資訊服務業知識管理之研究， 國立政治大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
龔明鑫、楊家彥（2003），關鍵性創新服務業發展策略之建議，經濟情勢評論，8（4），頁58-97。



英文部份
1.中文部份
2.司徒達賢（1994），台灣中小企業發展之經營策略，第一屆中小企業發 展學術研討會論文集。台北：經濟部中小企業處。
3.江炯聰（1980），台灣工業技術之發展與移轉，國立台灣大學商學研究所碩士論文。
4.杜壯（2000），服務復原管理概念性模式之構建，國立交通大學經營管理研究所博士論文。
5.汪昭芬（2000），組織學習、知識創造、知識蘊蓄、知識蘊蓄與創新績效之關連性研究，成功大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
6.杉本辰夫（1986），盧淵源譯，事業、營業、服務的品質管制，中興管理顧問公司。
7.林東清（2005），資訊管理-e化企業的核心競爭能力，智勝文化公司，台北市。
8.吳思華（1998），知識流通對產業創新的影響，第七屆產業管理研討會，國立政治大學科技管理研究所主辦。
9.吳思華、侯勝宗（1995），連鎖服務業合作網路中知識擴散模式之研究，政治大學企研所碩士論文。
10.吳思華（1995），服務事業網路策略初探，第一屆服務業管理研討會。
11.吳思華（1996），策略九說，麥田出版社，台北市。
12.吳思華（2001），策略九說：策略思考的本質，臉譜文化公司，台北市。
13.邱皓政（2000），量化研究與統計分析，五南圖書出版公司，台北市。
14.邱皓政（2004），結構方程模式：LISREL的理論、技術與應用，雙業書廊有限公司，台北市。
15.許書銘（2000），產業國際競爭力之發展及其影響因素分析，國立台灣大學商學研究所博士論文。
16.陳文哲，楊銘賢（1993），品質管理，中興管理顧問公司。
17.陳順宇（2000），多變量分析，華泰書局，台北市。
18.張國雄（1985），國際性企業在台灣行銷技術移轉之研究，政治大學國際貿易研究所碩士論文。
19.張紹勳（2001），研究方法，滄海書局，台中市。
20.張紹勳，張紹評，林秀娟（2000），SPSS For Windows統計分析-初等統計與高等統計，松崗出版社，台北市。
21.葉忠（2004），科技管理，教育製商整合計畫教材，逢甲大學工業工程與系統管理學系。
22.蔡啟通（1997），組織因素、組織成員整體創造性與組織創新之關係，台灣大學商學院研究所博士論文。
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24.劉華美（2003），我國油品市場管理規範與競爭機制之研究－以供油業者與銷售通路業者之市場行為為例，國立台北大學公共行政暨政策學系碩士論文。
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